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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Improved clinical outcomes with moisturization in dermatologic disease.

Controlled clinical studies have provided strong evidence that moisturizers not only enhance the efficacy of topical corticosteroids in patients with atopic dermatitis but also may prevent disease reexacerbation. Furthermore, moisturizers have been shown to have a steroid-sparing effect both in patients with atopic dermatitis and in those with psoriasis. In particular, certain lipid-dominant moisturizers have been shown to significantly (P<.05) improve the condition of the skin based on objectively assessed changes in clinical parameters when used by patients with various dermatoses. Although further research is warranted, moisturizers represent a valuable first-line treatment option for many dermatologic diseases and confer a number of important therapeutic benefits beyond mere cosmetic effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Concepts in skin care maintenance.

The correct use of moisturizers and cleansers is an integral component of the skin care regimen for any patient with dermatologic disease. As discussed in this article, moisturizers that contain certain ingredients, including occlusives and humectants, offer the most complete benefits with regard to repair of the damaged stratum corneum. When used appropriately, these products not only improve skin hydration by reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) but also help to restore the skin barrier and improve the aesthetic appearance of the skin, which is an important concern from the patient's perspective. The use of skin cleansers also is a central consideration in patients with dermatologic disease, but these agents vary widely and must be selected carefully on the basis of the patient's clinical presentation. In most cases, syndets, combars, and lipid-free cleansers offer clear advantages over true soaps. In addition, a variety of cleansing implements such as mesh sponges, particulate abrasive scrubs, and woven face cloths are available, though most are not well suited for use by patients with barrier damage. Because improper skin care can worsen the condition or impede the treatment outcome, proper moisturizing and cleansing are essential components of an overall treatment plan to ensure a satisfactory therapeutic outcome in patients with any barrier defect.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Local anesthetic allergy. Its recognition and avoidance.

Local anesthetics are perhaps the most important drugs used in dermatologic surgery. They allow a variety of procedures to be performed safely and comfortably. Although generally well-tolerated, patients frequently report adverse reactions to these agents and may be labeled as "caine sensitive". In this review we will discuss the approach to the patient with possible local anesthetic sensitivity and in particular will focus on the role of skin testing and challenge in evaluating these patients.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced skin permeability for transdermal drug delivery: physiopathological and physicochemical considerations.

To deliver drugs through the skin for systemic medication, the skin permeability needs enhancing by either modifying the drug molecules, or applying skin permeation enhancers to reduce the barrier property of the skin. Traditionally, the enhancement of skin permeability is considered as the result from the improvement of the lipophilicity of drugs and the partition of drugs into the skin, or from the direct actions of skin permeation enhancers on the chemical structure and/or composition of lipids and proteins in the stratum corneum. However, on the other hand, the skin also responds to drugs and/or skin permeation enhancers physiopathologically via its inflammatory and immune reaction. The physiopathological responses of the skin can also induce the changes in the chemical structure and composition of lipids and proteins in the skin. Therefore, the possible role of physiopathological responses of the skin in the enhanced skin permeability should be concerned.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating work relevancy of dermatitis. Basic cognitive skills.

Occupational contact dermatitis is recognized by its history, appearance, and location. The leading causes of work related skin disease are chemical agents that include primary irritants, allergic- and photosensitizers, and systemic intoxicants that are absorbed through the skin. Recognized guidelines must be used to determine work relevancy: either the skin eruption if related directly to a specific workplace exposure or the work environment caused an aggravating effect on a preexisting non-work related skin disorder. The health care provider's role in industry is not only to examine, diagnose, and treat an injured person's dermatitis, but to identify the cause of the skin eruption and make recommendations for protective measures to prevent recurrent morbidity.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1990

Skin cleansing in health and disease.

Skin cleansing has to be considered as an important component of daily hygiene in normal skin and as an important part of therapy in diseased skin. The crucial point is the choice of the cleansing agent to be recommended as skin tolerance of detergents is sometimes low. The evaluation of cleansing products depends upon their cleansing action (detergent or adsorptive), on the general and specifically epidermal toxicity of the components, on the rinsability of the product, and on the amount and nature of the additives, e. g. perfume oils. The knowledge of all the above-mentioned points will help the cosmetic adviser as well as the dermatologist to make the right choice depending upon the actual condition of the skin.

Baths↗
PubMed1989

[Neonatal hypothyroidism secondary to the use of povidone-iodine].

The skin absorption of iodine products in neonates with inhibition of thyroid function has been documented in the past. The use of Povidone-Iodine is the most frequent cause of this type of intoxication. Three neonates in which Povidone-Iodine was used during and after surgery had hypothyroidism secondary to glandular inhibition. They were discovered during the routine Programme for Neonatal Metabolic Diseases and were treated as deficits persists on retesting at 14 days of age. Treatment was maintained during one year, and the follow up controls of TSH-T4 were normal. During the neonatal period the use of Iodine containing antiseptics should be avoided because the potential risk of intoxication and glandular inhibition.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[The toxicologic characteristics of a new SAKAP-based benzyl benzoate ointment].

The formula of a new stable 20% benzylbenzoate emulsion is presented, so are the results of studies on its toxicity, local irritating and sensitizing effects in guinea pigs. For comparison, the same characteristics of currently used 20% water-soap benzylbenzoate emulsion and of the new ointment base, SAKAP (acryl copolymer), have been examined. Both the ointment and its base have proved to be safe.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1989

[Optimizing the effect of a cosmetic care product on the human skin].

After explaining the idea and purpose of cosmetic products, we report on the course of development these products usually take: marketing briefing, selection of the raw materials, serial experiments and stability tests, and finally, dermatophysiological efficacy tests. In particular, we deal with the application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its moisturing and smoothing effect on human skin. Our results are discussed in detail.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

[Significance of urea in external therapy].

Urea affects human skin by penetrating different skin layers. For this a strong vehicle dependence is evident. Therefore, considerable differences could be found in the duration and intensity of increased water-binding capacity after the application of different urea-containing emulsions. For therapy to increase the hydration and water-binding capacity in the horny layer of diseased skin, preparations with 10% urea are better suited than those containing 2% or 5% urea. By altering the functional structure of the horny layer and considerably increasing the drug's liberation from its ointment base, urea is one of the most effective penetration promoters. An increased penetration rate of some corticoids and dithranol from urea-containing ointment were demonstrated in human skin. The resulting penetration promotes two possible applications in topical therapy: an increased therapeutic effect for a given concentration of an active constituent or a given therapeutic effect with a reduced concentration of the active ingredient.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

[The physiology of aging of light-protected and light-exposed skin].

We discuss the senescence of the skin considering both intrinsic aging and photoaging; special regard is paid to the various layers, the microcirculation, and the adnexa of the skin. In particular, the barrier function and microcirculation of the skin has been pointed out.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Aspects of tolerance to transdermal systems from the dermatologic viewpoint].

If active drugs are required to penetrate the skin in order to reach the systemic circulation the integrity of the skin has to be impaired. The nature of the horny layer which, as the uppermost barrier takes over the main part of the protective function of the skin against all locally applied substances, is shortly outlined. It is demonstrated that inactive ingredients of transdermal therapeutic systems should induce only the minimum irritation of the horny layer which is absolutely necessary for the action of the system. A good tolerance seems to be granted only if an occlusion at all events is of a short duration, and the sebum deficiency and the vulnerability of the aging skin as well as the xerosia and residual syndets in the horny layer after frequent washing, baths or showers are taken into account. Furthermore, the potential risk for skin sensitization is discussed as each patch application can primarily induce a sensitizing potential for the applied active or inactive ingredient, which possibly may cause a contact eczema on repeated therapy. However, only a wide application and unfortunately not the clinical trial will supply detailed information on this aspect of risk.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

Influence of electrical current on transdermal flux of rolipram.

Application of an electrical current is an attractive idea to increase and/or control the transdermal flux of drugs. In order to investigate if transdermal fluxes can be influenced by direct current (DC) and/or alternating current (AC), in vitro studies with the investigational antidepressive rolipram with nude mouse and human cadaver skin using the Chien-Valia diffusion cell were performed. Transdermal flux of rolipram depended on DC polarity and was highest when the epidermal side was positive. Flux increased with time and increasing DC current. Application of DC current led to pH changes which can change dissociation of ionizable substances. Avoiding pH changes by increasing ionic strength of buffer and/or application of AC current increased transdermal fluxes only approximately 2-fold compared to controls.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[Occupational medicine limit values for hazardous materials in the Federal Republic of Germany].

In all industrial countries ambient air quality guides for working materials are introduced serving the objective of protecting health in groups of workers, if exposure takes place solely or predominantly by way of inhaling noxious substances. Individually there may be, however, a lot of marginal conditions modifying atmospheric dose-response relationships. Therefore today in many countries biological monitoring became an additional approach in the prevention of occupational health risks. In this connection in the Federal Republic of Germany a second safety-barrier Biological Tolerance Values for Working Materials (BAT-values) were established. For carcinogenic substances, however, scientifically well founded health protection criteria cannot be established. But, from practical point of view, certain biological quality guides should be useful for carcinogenic substances too, especially for skin penetrating compounds. This was the background to establish Equivalents of Exposure for Carcinogenic Compounds, standing for correlations between the concentration of a carcinogen in the air of the workplace and the concentration of the agent or its metabolites in biological material, resulting from mere inhalation. Substance concentrations in biological materials being higher than predicted from concentration in the air of the workplace are suspicious of an additional skin absorption. For risk assessment, from industrial-hygienic point of view, it is a good approach to quantify the exposure by air monitoring. From clinical point of view it is a better one to exclude adverse effects by biological monitoring. For prevention of health risks it is the best way to do both.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗