PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Social Control, Formal”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Operationalizing non-lethality: a Northern Ireland perspective.

'The troubles' over the last 33 years in Northern Ireland have claimed the lives of 3,636 people, including 302 police-officers and 644 soldiers. Of these deaths, 315 were attributed to the military and 52 to the police.(1) Formative experience of public disorder within the early parts of the conflict is reviewed. This article places the evolution, development and use of baton rounds (rubber and plastic bullets) in context and describes the training of police in their use. The development of a conflict management strategy which provides synergy with community based policing is discussed and the importance of understanding the underlying causes of a conflict for law enforcement personnel is emphasized.

Civil Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Consequences of marketing exceptions in the Master Settlement Agreement: exposure of youth to adult-only tobacco promotions.

The Master Settlement Agreement between a consortium of tobacco companies and 46 states contains many restrictions on tobacco sales and advertising that were designed to reduce youth exposure to tobacco promotions. Most of the restrictions include an exception for "adult-only" facilities. The present study investigated the extent to which youth are being exposed to marketing that is presumably limited to adults. Using data from a statewide random-digit-dialed survey of 3,863 Massachusetts youth aged 12-17 years, we found that about half of all youth in this age group reported seeing cigarettes advertised at events, concerts, bars, or clubs in the past 12 months, and that about 5% of youth in this age group reported being present at a venue where free samples of cigarettes were being distributed. Youth exposed to this marketing were those most at risk for progression to established smoking. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate youth exposure to advertisements designed for adult-only venues. In light of the large body of evidence that exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion increases tobacco use among youth, our findings demonstrate the need to close the "adult-only" loophole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The governance of human genetics: policy discourse and constructions of public trust.

The collection of practices now commonly understood as 'biotechnology' poses a challenge to traditional mechanisms of regulating science and technology, just as it challenges traditional practices of science. The task of regulation is to reconcile the often conflicting political demands of protecting science, economy and the public interest. Public trust is the key measure of political success or failure. The purpose of this paper is to use policy discourse analysis as a vehicle for exploring the politics of the relationship between human genetics governance and public trust. An analysis of 30 policy documents produced six identifiable discourse streams relevant to public trust. These findings will be discussed, and an analysis of their impact on effective governance presented in conclusion.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2004

The prevention of young driver's DWI (driving while intoxicated) and RWDI (riding with a driver under influence) in Europe: a social-sequential model.

Inspired by the "critical incident technique" of McKnight et al. (1995) who analyzed 12,000 drivers' decisions leading to (or not to) DWI, and identified the influence of social, motivational, and economic factors, we have developed a social-sequential model of young drivers' DWI (driving while intoxicated) and RWDI (riding with a driver under influence) prevention. DWI or RWDI may be analyzed as a four-stage process: (1) the decision to drink and to associate leisure activities with drinking; (2) the management of alcohol consumption during the evening; (3) the decision to drive after drinking; and (4) the behavioral adaptation, once the decision to drive is taken (disinhibition of risk-taking or risk compensation). At each of these four stages, preventive action can reflect the intervention of two types of actors: (1) formal social control of behavior is influenced by professionals involved in accident prevention, and (2) informal social control of behavior is influenced by the proximal environment of the subject.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ethical issues in substance use intervention.

This essay offers an overview of some of the ethical questions raised by governmental and medical interventions into drug use. With respect to the former, it begins with the liberal assumption that constraints on free action are to be justified by reference to its deleterious impact on others, but then qualifies that assumption by noting the social requisites of free action. With respect to medical interventions, it focuses on the codes that have been developed for treatment providers and their clients, and explores the ethical underpinnings of several of their central provisions--informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, nondiscrimination, professionalism, and accountability.

Confidentiality↗