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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Study on the mechanism of discoloration and the efficacy of bleaching in non-infected traumatically discolored teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of discoloration and the efficacy of bleaching in non-infected traumatically discolored teeth. METHODS: In vitro model of discolored teeth: sample of fresh erythrocytes was placed in the pulp cavity of 20 extracted teeth and centrifuged for 3 consecutive days. These discolored teeth were divided equally and randomly into two groups: group A (control group); group B (bleaching group), bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 4 weeks. And then all teeth were prepared for histological examination and subjected to a series of histochemical tests to analyze some of the biochemical changes following haemorrhage into the pulp chamber and post-bleaching. RESULTS: Haemoglobin and haematin were detected in the dentinal tubules of discolored teeth from group A and no evidence of ferric or haemosiderin. Specimens from group B demonstrated a negative response to histochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of bacterial invasive, haemoglobin and haematin could cause discoloration of non-infected traumatized teeth. Peroxide bleaching agent can effectively remove haemoglobin and haematin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Absorption of iron by dentin: its role in discoloration.

This study investigated the effect of iron-containing mordants on the discoloration of human dentin. Dentin wafers with intact enamel borders were treated with one of several acid solutions containing iron. After exposure to aqueous sodium sulfide, color change was evaluated colorimetrically. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to probe surfaces for the presence of iron. Changes in surface morphology were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that dentin treated by iron-containing solutions always discolored when the sodium-sulfide concentration exceeded 9.7 mM; variability in discoloration occurred below this level. XPS detected iron in enamel but not in dentin, while EDS detected iron in both enamel and dentin. Since XPS probes the upper atomic layers, these results indicate that acid-demineralized dentin absorbs iron; however, a water wash removes iron from the uppermost dentin surface, suggesting that the iron is physically absorbed. When exposed to sodium sulfide, at least some of the iron remaining in the bulk region is able to migrate to the surface to form iron-sulfide compounds. Based on SEM findings, discoloration is associated with the formation of a surface film on dentin.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Two-year clinical evaluation of preventive resin restorations.

A three-year clinical study is being conducted at the University of Tennessee, Memphis, college of Dentistry, comparing occlusal wear of Class I amalgam restorations with preventive resin restorations. This paper will concentrate on the two-year results of the preventive resin restoration with regards to placement technique, wear as evaluated by the USPHS system, marginal adaptation, recurrent caries, marginal discoloration, and address problems encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The role of bleaching in esthetics.

Bleaching discolored teeth must be considered a viable treatment modality. Although it does not offer the predictability of many cosmetic options, its simplicity and economics demands attention. Combining bleaching with selected bonding and contouring can return a smile to the not-so affluent, conservative, or apprehensive patient who does not wish to face tooth reduction and full coverage.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed1993

The effects of etching, micro-abrasion, and bleaching on surface enamel.

Conservative techniques for improving the appearance of discolored teeth have become popular in the past decade. These include: in-office bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide, which is applied on etched enamel with a gauze pad and then exposed to a bleaching light; home bleaching with a mild form of peroxide, such as 10% carbamide peroxide, which is applied on the tooth surface with custom-made mouthguards; and enamel micro-abrasion with 18% hydrochloric acid, which is applied in a pumice slurry. In this study, the in-office bleaching and enamel micro-abrasion techniques were performed on extracted teeth for investigation of their microscopic effects on the surface enamel. Specimens treated only with 37% phosphoric acid showed an enamel loss of 5.7 +/- 1.8 microns. The specimens treated with 37% phosphoric acid followed by 30% hydrogen peroxide showed enamel loss of 5.3 +/- 1.6 microns; this loss was probably not caused by the hydrogen peroxide, but rather by the etching with 37% phosphoric acid which preceded the hydrogen peroxide application. A direct application of 18% hydrochloric acid for 100 s resulted in a loss of 100 +/- 47 microns. The extent of enamel loss was much greater when the 18% hydrochloric acid was applied in a pumice slurry for the same period of time (360 +/- 130 microns), and the effect was time-dependent. Thus, the pumice and rotary prophy cup used in conjunction with the 18% hydrochloric acid contributed markedly to the loss of surface enamel, enhancing the non-selective stain-removing action of the hydrochloric acid. Therefore, the hydrochloric acid-pumice technique must be used clinically with caution.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1977

[Health aspects of antibiotic manufacture with particular emphasis on respiratory and genital disturbances (author's transl)].

Sixty-seven workers employed in incapsulating and manufacturing antibiotics were studied by the authors by means of questionnaire, environmental survey, clinical examination and hematochemical, immunologic and microbiological determinations. The main features of respiratory and genital disturbances are discussed. Two cases of occupational asthma due to ampicillin were detected. Twenty-four out of forty-five female workers were found to be affected with vaginitis (due to Candida albicans in fourteen): a relationship with the working environment is hypothesized. The digestive tract disturbances are reported and the prevalence of dental discoloration is stressed. Finally the psycho-pathological pattern of the factory workers is outlined.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The etch-bleach-seal technique for managing stained enamel defects in young permanent incisors.

Hypomineralized enamel defects frequently are manifest as a mottled-white appearance and can be associated with variable degrees of discrete yellow-brown intrinsic staining. Numerous treatment approaches have been proposed, ranging from bleaching to enamel reduction to restorative techniques. Bleaching of hypomineralized enamel lesions, using 1 to 2 applications (10 to 15 minutes each) of 5% sodium hypochlorite, has been applied clinically. Treatment using this approach has proven successful in removing yellow-brown discolorations from lesions in young permanent teeth. Young permanent incisors with yellow-brown intrinsic discolorations can often be treated by a simple and conservative bleaching protocol using sodium hypochlorite.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1990

Internal bleaching of severe tetracycline discolorations: four-year clinical evaluation.

Two hundred fifty-eight teeth severely discolored by tetracycline were treated with an internal bleaching technique. Endodontic treatment was required in all teeth before the walking bleaching procedure could be undertaken. Four years of clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed good esthetic results for all patients. Endodontic procedures were considered to be successful, and not one patient showed external cervical resorption after 4 years. This type of treatment is a valid alternative to porcelain laminate veneers for those teeth that exhibit severe tetracycline discoloration and in which the dental enamel and anatomic crown are intact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of 2-years' use of chlorhexidine-containing dentifrices on plaque, gingivitis, and caries.

Chlorhexidine digluconate in 0.1% and 0.4% concentrations was added to dentifrices to evaluate its effect on plaque formation, gingival conditions and caries in 73 dental students over a 2-year period. No differences were found in the Pl I and the G I indices between the active and the placebo dentifrices, but a possible effect on caries was demonstrated. Discolorations of anterior teeth and fillings were the only side effects observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Dental hygienist and patient comparisons of fluoride varnishes to fluoride gels.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a fluoride varnish and compare it to fluoride gels in categories including taste, comfort, efficiency, discoloration, moisture control, safety, and ease of application. METHODS: Methods. Twenty-five licensed dental hygienists and 148 patients completed questionnaires comparing fluoride varnish to fluoride gel for the following categories: taste, comfort, efficiency, discoloration, moisture control, and safety. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. RESULTS: The 25 dental hygienists rated fluoride varnish (Duraphat) superior to fluoride gels in all categories. Eighty-three (56.5%) of the 148 patients reported the varnish application to be more comfortable than gel while 29 (20%) found it the same. In taste comparison, 90 (71.4%) preferred the varnish, while 16 (12.7%) rated it the same. The time required was reported as better for the varnish technique by 59 (50.4%) and equal to the gels by 32 (20.3%). Discoloration of the teeth by the varnish was found not noticeable or not objectionable by 66 (49.3%) and somewhat objectionable or too noticeable for comfort in public by 68 (50.7%). However, 85 (64.3%) reported that they would choose to have the varnish treatment while 33 (25%) would not. Dental hygienist responses on questions 1-4 relative to the number of years in practice were not found to be significantly different. CONCLUSION: The patients and dental hygienists in this study preferred fluoride varnishes to gels. However, since some patients objected to the temporary discoloration, varnishes may not be suitable for everyone.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Furfurals in chlorhexidine-discolored pellicle.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible presence of furfurals in chlorhexidine-discolored pellicle. Pellicle material was scraped off teeth and hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid and the hydrolysate then extracted with ether and examined by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of furaldehyde in discolored pellicle was demonstrated by these methods. There were also indications of hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde in the thin layer chromatograms.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1998

Autotransplantation for treatment of regional odontodysplasia. Case report with 6-year follow-up.

Regional odontodysplasia is an uncommon dental malformation with characteristic clinical and radiographic findings. Affected teeth appear discolored with irregularly shaped surfaces. Radiographically wide pulp chambers and thin poorly defined hard tissue outlines are typical features. This report describes a 9-year-old girl with recurrent and recalcitrant periapical infections as a result of unilateral mandibular odontodysplasia. With a 6-year follow-up, this is the longest documented case of regional odontodysplasia treated by tooth autotransplantation.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2002

Two-year clinical evaluation of Dyract in small Class I cavities.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 2-year clinical performance of Dyract in small Class I cavities in non stress-bearing areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On 36 patients, 87 small cavity preparations were performed. The lesions were diagnosed macroscopically with a probe. They involved fissures, were shallow and had reached dentin but the lateral spread was limited and localized in dentin. Cavities were designed to be on non stress bearing areas. Cavities' average faciolingual widths were prepared to be 1/3 or less than the intercuspal width. At baseline, 1- and 2-year recalls, the restorations were evaluated according to the modified Ryge criteria by two calibrated, experienced examiners. RESULTS: None of the restorations was lost and retention rate was 100% at the end of 1 year. After 2 years, one restoration (1.1%) had to be replaced due to caries lesion adjacent to its margin and the rate of retention was 98.9%. At the 2-year recall, marginal discoloration (rated Bravo) was observed in 19.8% of the restorations but did not require the replacement of any restorations. Except the failed restoration, no other was clinically unacceptable in regard to color match, wear or loss of anatomic form, marginal discoloration, caries, marginal adaptation and surface texture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Enamel microabrasion followed by dental bleaching: case reports.

Certain enamel coloration defects can best be eliminated by a combination of treatment methods. This report describes the treatment of two patients whose enamel discoloration was corrected with a combination of enamel microabrasion and patient-administered dental bleaching with a carbamide peroxide gel solution.

Adolescent↗