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PubMed1991

[Alternative therapy. Chances in Bechterew disease?].

The Bechterew disease is inherited but the illness is triggered by outer influences. We are therefore not able to do causal treatment. In consequence a lot of alternative remedies like the extract of Thymus and Vitamin E have been tried. If the Bechterew disease shows more or less an ossifying progress they do not show any effect. If the issue is inflammatory Vitamin E could act as radicalintercepter. The extract of Thymus is only a placebo.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2005

Volatile components and key odorants of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction and supercritical fluid extraction.

Volatile oil extracts of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In general, fennel oil extracted by SDE and SFE showed similar compositions, with trans-anethole, estragole, and fenchone as the main components. In contrast, thymol and p-cymene, the most abundant compounds in thyme leaves, showed big differences, with generally higher amounts of monoterpenes obtained by SDE. However, in this case, the differences between the extracts were higher. Key odorants of fennel seeds determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) showed similar patterns when applying SDE and SFE. trans-Anethole (anise, licorice), estragole (anise, licorice, sweet), fenchone (mint, camphor, warm), and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom) were the most intense odor compounds detected in fennel extracts. Thymol and carvacrol, with oregano, thyme, and spicy notes, were identified as key compounds contributing to the aroma of thyme leaves.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1991

Binding of thymic factors to the conserved decanucleotide promoter element of the T-cell receptor V beta gene is developmentally regulated and is absent in SCID mice.

The gene segments encoding the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor undergo rearrangement in a precise developmental order: a D beta gene segment joins to a J beta gene segment prior to the rearrangement of a V beta gene segment to join the D/J beta fusion. Current evidence suggests that the rearrangement of V beta is restricted to T cells, whereas D-to-J beta rearrangements may occur in both B and T cells. Thus, the T-cell specificity seems to be regulated by the V beta coding region or its 5' flanking sequence. In support of this hypothesis, evidence is provided for thymus-specific factors that bind a highly conserved 10-base-pair (decamer) sequence that is an essential promoter element in mouse and human V beta genes. The presence of decamer-binding activities was assayed by gel mobility-shift analysis using protein extracts from thymus, spleen, and nonlymphoid organs of adult mice. Two shifted complexes, designated T2 and T3, were seen only when the decamer was incubated with extracts from thymus. When extracts from mice of various gestational ages were tested for decamer-binding activity, one of the thymus-specific complexes, T2, was first detected at day 16; this coincides with the time of initial activation of the V beta locus. No decamer-binding activity was detected in extracts prepared from the thymuses of SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice, which characteristically fail to rearrange these genes. Moreover, neither T2 nor T3 was detectable with extracts from spleen or from two T-cell lines that express the beta chain; this suggests that the presence of these two complexes is not absolutely required for transcription of the T-cell receptor beta locus. We conclude that there are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated factors that form complexes with the decamer sequence 5' of V beta; these may represent initiation factors that control the activation of germ-line T-cell receptor V beta genes for transcription and/or rearrangement.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Constitutive and inducible Rel/NF-kappa B activities in mouse thymus and spleen.

We have studied the expression of members of the rel family of transcription factors and ikba in mouse thymus and spleen by in situ hybridization. Our results show that the rel genes have different temporal and spatial patterns of expression suggesting distinct roles in these lymphoid tissues. The Rel/NF-kappa B proteins and I kappa B alpha in thymus and spleen were also analysed by Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Although RelB protein is present at significantly lower levels in thymus and spleen extracts when compared to RelA, in both tissues the predominant kappa B-binding activity consists of p50/RelB and p52/RelB heterodimers and only very little binding of RelA-containing complexes to kappa B sites was detected. Significant binding of c-Rel complexes was only found in spleen extracts. Treatment of thymus and spleen extracts with deoxycholate (DOC), however, results in a strong increase in binding to kappa B sites of both RelA and c-Rel complexes. In contrast, binding of RelB complexes is not induced after DOC treatment. Our results suggest a differential role of Rel/NF-kappa B complexes in mouse thymus and spleen with RelB heterodimers representing the constitutive kappa B-binding activity, whereas RelA and c-Rel complexes most likely are involved in inducible kappa B-binding and gene activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A multiple sample immunoblotting system (MSIS) for the intrinsic detection of antinuclear autoantibodies.

A multiple sample immunoblotting system (MSIS) is described. The MSIS permits the detection and classification of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) according to the pattern of antigenic polypeptides recognized in four different extracts: calf thymus whole tissue, nuclear extract, and two ammonium sulphate fractions of the nuclear extract. The procedure permits the classification of anti-RNP, anti-SS/B and anti-Sm, and the detection of new ANAs in sera from SLE patients. The reaction patterns presented are specific and unambiguous, and make the use of validated control sera unnecessary.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of extracts of Glycerrhiza glabra L. in the correction of some indices of local nonspecific defense in patients with protracted pulmonary pneumonia].

Results are presented of studies on local nonspecific defence in patients with protracted pneumonia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during the course of conventional therapy involving the use of T-activin and extractum Glycerrhiza glabra L. The course of conventional therapy has not been shown to be associated with a substantial normalization of cytosis in the BALF cell precipitate or augmentation of sIgA content of lysozyme. T-activin makes for a reduction in the content of mature neutrophilous granulocytes and for an increase in humoral factors of defence. Extractum Glycerrhiza glabra L. has been found to be superior to T-activin in diminishing neutrophilic granulocytes count, increase in the BALF content of macrophages, lysozyme, s IgA; it proved to be endowed with an antiphospholipase activity, which facts predetermine apperant efficacy of the drug with respect to the lung local defence system in those patients presenting with protracted pneumonia.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Growth control of experimental tumor by syngeneic thymocyte extracts.

The effect of cell-free extracts obtained from thymocytes of 8, 18 and 23 day fibrosarcoma-bearing U rats and normal U rats on tumor growth was investigated. The results show that thymocyte extracts of 8 day tumor-bearing rats inhibit the tumor growth in implanted animals and no significant effect was found with extracts from other times, or from normal thymocytes. Some of the inhibitory activity was lost by dialysis, which led us to assume that low molecular weight substances are involved in the antitumor immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Enzyme therapy--an alternative in treatment of herpes zoster. A controlled study of 192 patients].

PROBLEM: Herpes Zoster requires an effective, inexpensive form of treatment not only because it impairs quality of life, but also on account of its relatively high incidence and the resulting costs incurred. Given the present situation in the health care sector, the high costs of treatment with the standard drug, acyclovir, often mean that herpes zoster patients do not receive medicinal therapy. AIM: The aim of the present study was to establish whether the positive results of a prior investigation involving treatment with an enzyme combination preparation could be confirmed. METHOD: Over a period of 14 days, two groups of 96 patients each were given acyclovir or an enzyme combination preparation. During the course of the study, the intensity (score) of segmental pain and various skin lesions were investigated. RESULTS: In terms of the first end point, "segmental pain", the test groups showed no significant difference either on day 7 or on day 14. Although the second end point "segmental reddening" did reveal a significant difference (p = 0.015) in favor of the acyclovir group on day 14, no significant difference was found for any of the other examination endpoints. Nor did any of the other skin lesions evaluated differ significantly by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the enzyme combination preparation showed identical efficacy with acyclovir. The results of the prior study were thus confirmed. Further investigations on the immunomodulatory potency, dosage and effects on postherpetic herpes neuralgia are, however, still required.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1998

Polyenzyme preparation Wobe-Mugos inhibits growth of solid tumors and development of experimental metastases in mice.

Long-term rectal administration of enzyme mixture containing papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the same ratio as the preparation Wobe-Mugos E (Mucos Pharma, Germany) was evaluated for their antitumor effects in C57Bl6 inbred mice inoculated with Bl6 melanoma cells. 30% of animals in the test group (3 pcs) have been cured of cancer. In the rest of animals (70%) the survival time was prolonged by 58.3% compared to the control group (from average survival time of 24 days in control group to 38 days in the test group). Based on histological and immunohistochemical evaluation a faster process of metastasizing was found in control group than in the group treated with the polyenzyme preparation. In the case of melanoma Bl6 an antimetastatic effect of the preparation was thus proved.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Acetylcholine receptor in rabbit thymus: antigenic similarity between acetylcholine receptors of muscle and thymus.

This study was performed to examine the presence and immunological properties of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in rabbit thymus. Binding of 125I-alpha Bungarotoxin (alpha BGT) to Triton extract from rabbit thymus was saturable (half saturation value: 10 X 10(-9) M) and occurred with at least two affinities, a high one with a dissociation constant of 1.1 X 10(-10)M and a low affinity one with a dissociation constant of 2 X 10(-9)M. The complex formation of 125I-alpha BGT-thymus extract was inhibited by both carbamylcholine and D-tubocurarine. These results indicate the existence of AChR in rabbit thymus. Antibody to AChR which was purified from experimental myasthenic rabbits with Narke AChR-affinity gel and labelled with 125I was used to identify the receptor antigenicity in rabbit thymus. Specific binding of 125I-antibody to thymic extract was demonstrated by the DEAE-paper disc assay. It is concluded from these results that AChRs with a similar antigenicity to that of skeletal muscle AChR exist in rabbit thymus. Our findings obtained in this study will support a hypothesis that the primary immunogen in myasthenia gravis may be AChR in thymus and an autoimmune reaction against AChR might be initiated within the thymus gland itself.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

Effects of oral administration of Echinacea purpurea (American herb) on incidence of spontaneous leukemia caused by recombinant leukemia viruses in AKR/J mice.

Four-week-old female AKR/J mice were given oral doses of powdered leaves from Echinacea purpurea three times weekly for 8 weeks (7.5 mg/mouse/week): controls received phosphate-buffered saline. Mean survival age of experimental AKR/J mice treated with the E. purpurea preparation was significantly prolonged and enlargement of thymic lymphoma in experimental mice was significantly suppressed compared with controls. In normal 3-week-old female AKR/J mice, mortality from thymic lymphoma was delayed markedly after injection into the thymus of cell-free extract of thymus from the experimental 28-week-old female AKR/J mice that received the oral E. purpurea preparation was injected directly into the thymus. Proliferation of endogenous recombinant murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) in the thymus was markedly inhibited after the first oral administration of the E. purpurea preparation as compared with untreated controls (final age, 28 weeks). Production of endogenous interferon (IFN)-gamma in AKR/J mice was also effectively augmented by the oral treatment with the E. purpurea preparation, however, the production of other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12 was minimal. These results suggest that this suppressive effects on spontaneously occurring leukemia caused by endogenous recombinant MuLV in female AKR/J mice may depend on enhancement of nonspecific immune or cellular immune systems (or of both) by the E. purpurea preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of oral administration of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) on incidence of spontaneous leukemia in AKR/J mice.

Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng) administered subcutaneously and intraperitoneally inhibits growth of allogeneic cancer cells in mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether oral administration of P. paniculata inhibits development of spontaneous leukemia. Four-week-old female AKR/J mice were given oral doses of powdered roots from P. paniculata three times weekly for 8 weeks; controls received phosphate-buffered saline. Enlargement of thymic lymphoma in the mice treated with P. paniculata was significantly suppressed, as compared with controls (128 +/- 67.3 mg versus 219.9 +/- 84.2 mg, respectively; P < .01); proliferation of endogenous recombinant murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) in the thymus was markedly inhibited after the first oral treatment as compared with untreated controls (final age, 28 weeks; P < .05). In normal 3-week-old female AKR/J mice, mortality from thymic lymphoma was delayed markedly after injection into the thymus of cell-free extract of thymus from the experimental female 28-week-old AKR/J mice that received the oral P. paniculata preparation. These results suggest that the agent's suppressive effects on spontaneously occurring leukemia caused by endogenous recombinant MuLV in female AKR/J mice may depend on enhancement of nonspecific immune or cellular immune systems (or both) by the P. paniculata preparation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Extracts and fractions of Thymus capitatus exhibit antimicrobial activities.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant Thymus capitatus exhibited the presence of saponins, resins, flavonoids, essential and fixed oils. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts (10-200 mg/ml) as well as saponin, resin and essential oil of the plant (10-5000 micrograms/ml inhibited the growth of several bacteria and fungi.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗