PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “bone marrow cellularity”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cellular composition of the bone marrow in the chicken, a comparison of femur, tibia and humerus.

A comparison of cellular composition of marrow from femur, tibia and humerus was made at hatch and at 3, 4, 6, and 12 weeks of age. There were no significant differences between femoral, tibial, and humeral marrow in relative and absolute cell numbers, mitotic indices or thymidine uptake. However, the cellularity per mg of marrow was consistently lower for the humerus than it was for the femur and tibia. There was a significantly greater frequency of immature granulocytes in the femur and tibia at hatch than at 4 weeks of age.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Osteogenesis after bone and bone marrow transplantation. Studies of cellular behaviour using combined myelo-osseous grafts in the subscorbutic guinea pig.

In order to study factors influencing osteogenesis after bone and bone marrow transplantation, we have caused guinea pigs to become scorbutic, and looked at the cell morphology at sites of bone formation. We had previously studied normal guinea pigs and found that autologous marrow in intermuscular implants was associated with bone production by the ninth day, regardless of the type of stored allogeneic bone transplanted with it. In subscorbutic guinea pigs, using identical implants, bone did not appear within the first 13 days, and the cell population around the implants was different. These experiments support the dominant role of bone marrow cells in osteogenesis and cast further doubt on the primary role of devitalised bone as an inducer of bone formation. Interference with cell function by deprivation of a single essential molecule, Vitamin C, produces great change in the ability of cells to synthesise bone, or pre-osseous matrix.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Magnetic resonance in hematological diseases. Imaging of bone marrow].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly sensitive alternative to plain radiography, CT, and radionuclide studies for the imaging of normal and abnormal bone marrow. The cellularity and the corresponding fat/water ratio within the bone marrow show clear changes in haematological diseases. This enables MRI to detect differences between fatty, fibrotic, aplastic and hypercellular marrow in patients with haematological disease. MRI can evaluate the distribution of bone marrow disease because it has the potential for visualization of almost the entire bone marrow compartment. However, MRI is unable to establish the primary diagnosis in haematological bone marrow disease with diffuse hypercellular marrow. In case of insufficient biopsy, MRI can provide important differential diagnostic information as well as guidance for further biopsy attempts. MRI is a useful complement to morphological bone marrow evaluation in malignancies with focal marrow involvement, such as malignant lymphoma or metastases.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2005

Combined autologous cellular cardiomyoplasty with skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow cells in canine hearts for ischemic cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: Cellular cardiomyoplasty with isolated skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow mononuclear cells is an encouraging therapeutic strategy for heart failure. We investigated the achievements accomplished with combined cell therapy of skeletal myoblast and bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation to the ischemic canine myocardium. METHODS: Autologous skeletal myoblasts (1 x 10(8)) and autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (3 x 10(6)) were injected directly into the damaged myocardium of canine hearts that had undergone 2 weeks of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Treatment groups were as follows: skeletal myoblasts plus bone marrow mononuclear cells (combined cell therapy, n = 4), myoblasts (n = 4), bone marrow mononuclear cells (n = 4), and medium only (n = 4). In similarly designed supporting experiments, angiogenic factor expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after cell transplantation in rat hearts that had undergone left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. RESULTS: Four weeks after cell implantation, echocardiography demonstrated better cardiac performance with reduced left ventricular dilation and significantly improved ejection fraction in the combined cell therapy group compared with that seen in the other groups (pretreatment, 37.7% +/- 1.1%, vs combined cell therapy, 55.4% +/- 8.6%; myoblasts, 47.4% +/- 7.4%; bone marrow mononuclear cells, 44.4% +/- 6.7%; medium only [control], 34.4% +/- 5.4%; P < .05). A significantly high number of neovessels were observed in the group receiving combined cell therapy only (combined cell therapy, 45.5 +/- 12 x 10(2)/mm2; myoblasts, 26.5 +/- 8 x 10(2)/mm2; bone marrow mononuclear cells, 30.7 +/- 15 x 10(2)/mm2; medium only [control], 7.1 +/- 1 x 10(2)/mm2; P < .05). Immunostained sections expressed the skeletal specific marker myosin heavy chain, although they did not express the cardiac specific marker troponin T. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the highest expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (combined cell therapy, 2.9 +/- 0.7 ng/g tissue; myoblasts, 0.24 +/- 0.7 ng/g tissue; bone marrow mononuclear cells, 1.9 +/- 0.2 ng/g tissue; medium only [control], 0.19 +/- 0.004 ng/g tissue; P < .05) and hepatocyte growth factor in the combined cell therapy hearts. CONCLUSIONS: Combined autologous cellular therapy induced both myogenesis and angiogenesis with enhancement of cardiac performance and reduction of cardiac remodeling, suggesting a capable strategy for treating severe ischemic cardiomyopathy clinically.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Deletion of Mls-reactive T cells in H-2-compatible but Mls-incompatible bone marrow chimeras.

The cellular basis of tolerance induction to Mls-encoded antigens in radiation bone marrow (BM) chimeras has been investigated in two H-2-compatible strain combinations of AKR/J (H-2k, Thy-1.1, Mls-Ia) and C3H/He (H-2k, Thy-1.2, Mls-IIa). Sequential appearance of host- and donor-derived T cell subsets and T cell receptor gene messages occurred in the peripheral lymphoid organs of both irradiated AKR/J mice reconstituted with C3H/He BM cells (C3H/He-AKR/J chimera) and irradiated C3H/He mice reconstituted with AKR/J BM cells (AKR/J-C3H/He chimera). A large number of cells expressing T cell receptor gamma genes were detected in spleen on day 21 after reconstitution, while the normal level of alloreactivity was first detected in the spleen on day 56 after reconstitution in correlation with the appearance of appreciable levels of Thy-1 high cells and T cell receptor alpha and beta gene transcripts. T cells bearing V beta 6, that is strongly correlated with reactivity to antigens encoded by the Mls-Ia genetic locus, were virtually abolished in spleen on day 56 in both C3H/He-AKR/J chimera and AKR/J-C3H/He chimera. Furthermore, expression of V beta 3 gene transcripts, that are important for recognizing Mls-IIa, was undetected either in the peripheral lymphoid cells of AKR/J-C3H/He chimera or in those of C3H/He-AKR/J chimera. These results suggested that clonal elimination of self-reactive T cells bearing V beta 3 or V beta 6 was induced by both host-derived radioresistant cells and donor-derived repopulating cells in the thymus of radiation BM chimeras.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Osteogenesis after bone and bone marrow transplantation. II. The initial cellular events following transplantation of decalcified allografts of cancellous bone.

An experimental study was done in rabbits to investigate the fate of allogeneic iliac cancellous bone, both non-decalcified and decalcified with hydrochloric acid, transplanted to a muscular site for up to 14 days. Some of the treated allografts were impregnated with autologous bone marrow cells, obtained from the femoral medulla by aspiration, and each was compared with allografts alone. Combined myelo-osseous grafts produced bone after 7 to 8 days implantation, as did marrow autografts alone. In addition non-decalcified implants stimulated the production of multinucleated giant cells. Three different types of wash solution were used but these did not inftical events in bone formation after transplantation occur less than 8 days after tho the clinical aspects of bone grafting.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restoration of the thymic cellular microenvironment following autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Mammalian thymic histogenesis can be morphologically divided into three consecutive stages: 1) epithelial; 2) lymphopoietic or lympho-epithelial; and 3) differentiated cellular microenvironmental, with formation of Hassall's bodies (HBs). The marked reduction of the thymic cellular microenvironment (TCM) is a well-controlled physiological process and is presumably under both local and global regulation by the cells of the RE meshwork and by the neuroendocrine axis, respectively. In humans, the age-related decline of facteur thymique sérique (FTS) levels in blood begins after 20 years of age and FTS completely disappears between the 5th and 6th decade of life. In contrast, serum levels of thymosin-alpha 1 and thymopoietin seem to decline earlier, starting as early as 10 years of age. The influences of other hormones on the thymic involution have also been characterized: testosterone, estrogen and hydrocortisone treatment results in marked involution, cortisone and progesterone administration causes slight to moderate, while use of desoxycorticosterone has no effect. Since the thymus is the primary T-lymphopoietic organ during mammalian ontogenesis, its age-related involution with the typical immunomorphological alterations can be held responsible only for a decline in antigen-specific T-lymphocyte immune functions. Thymic involution and diminished T-lymphocyte proliferation can be partially restored by thymic tissue transplantation or administration of thymic hormones. The stimulus for thymic cell proliferation and differentiation is genetically determined within the organ implant. The only partial reconstitution of CD4+ T-helper-lymphocyte subset after anti-neoplastic chemotherapy and autologous BTM represents a significant, therapy-complicating, clinical problem. After high-dose chemotherapy, the restoration of thymus-dependent CD4+ T-lymphocyte genesis was reported only in children. Our radiation, stem cell transplantation, and hormone treatment experiments in animals resulted in age- and time-dependent regeneration of the cytoarchitecture of the TCM, as well as intrathymic lymphopoiesis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1992

Production of nitric oxide by murine bone marrow cells. Inverse correlation with cellular proliferation.

The present studies were designed to assess the ability of primary cultures of bone marrow cells to produce nitric oxide. We found that two inflammatory stimuli, IFN-gamma and LPS, were potent inducers of nitric oxide production by bone marrow cells. In addition, the CSF granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF and IL-3 as well as TNF-alpha, while inactive by themselves, were synergistic with LPS and IFN-gamma in inducing nitric oxide production. Maximal effects were observed with combinations of GM-CSF and LPS. Nitric oxide production by bone marrow cells was found to be dependent on the presence of L-arginine in the culture medium and inhibitable by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and L-canavanine, two nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Nitric oxide produced by the cells was also suppressed by TGF-beta 1 and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Separation of bone marrow cells by density gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry revealed that the granulocyte-containing fraction was largely responsible for nitric oxide production. In additional experiments we found that treatment of bone marrow cells with GM-CSF significantly stimulated bone marrow cell growth. In contrast, the combination of GM-CSF and LPS or IFN-gamma markedly suppressed cellular proliferation. This suppression was completely reversed by treatment of the cells with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Taken together, these data demonstrate that various inflammatory stimuli and cytokines induce nitric oxide production by primary cultures of bone marrow cells and that this mediator may play a role in the regulation of bone marrow cell growth and development.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bone and bone-marrow blood flow in chronic granulocytic leukemia and primary myelofibrosis.

Blood flow in hematopoietic bone marrow and in nonhematopoietic bone has been measured with a Xe-133 washout method in 20 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and in seven with primary myelofibrosis. Age-matched healthy persons served as controls. Bone-marrow blood flow in CGL was dependent upon the phase of the disease. In the metamorphosis phase, bone-marrow blood flow was high compared with that in the well-controlled phase. Apart from the initial phase, the mean values for bone blood flow in CGL were increased compared with the values of the healthy controls. In myelofibrosis the bone blood flow was also increased. Bone-marrow blood flow in these diseases was dependent upon the cellularity of bone marrow as measured morphometrically.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Chediak-Higashi syndrome: reversal of increased susceptibility to infection by bone marrow transplantation.

Transplantation of normal bone marrow to mice with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) resulted in normal granulopoiesis and a reversal of their increased susceptibility to challenge with intravenous Candida albicans. These findings suggest that (1) the leukocyte defect in CHS can be reversed by marrow transplantation and (2) the mechanism for increased susceptibility to infection in these animals is due to a bone-marrow-derived cellular defect. Because of similarities between murine and human CHS, bone marrow transplantation might be considered as a mode of therapy in selected cases of the human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Three-dimensional analysis of CD34 sialomucin distribution on cord blood and bone marrow.

Determining the cellular distribution of key adhesion molecules may aid in understanding haematopoietic progenitor/stem cell (HPSC) homing to bone marrow (BM). CD34, a well-characterized marker for blast-like HPSC, is widely used for the isolation and enumeration of HPSC. Functional studies have yet to identify a ligand for CD34. However, growing evidence suggests that CD34 may aid the regulation of HPSC differentiation and modulate the expression of other HPSC adhesion molecules necessary for homing. This study aimed to determine CD34 distribution on umbilical cord blood (CB) and BM. CD34-selected cells were adhered to positively charged gold slides at room temperature, before indirect fluorescent antibody labelling with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Fluorescent distribution was determined by 1-microm interval, confocal laser scanning microscope Z-sections. Initial analysis showed CD34 distributed within peripheral halos and dense pocket regions. The development of three-dimensional imaging software enabled spatial visualization of CD34 distribution on CB and BM in association with differential interference contrast cell image. This showed that CD34 was distributed within peripheral halos, with magnupodia-associated 'meridian-shaped crescents', extending from points of cell-slide adhesion towards the top of the cell. True CD34 distribution, not previously discernible by confocal laser scanning microscopy alone, suggests a possible role in cell adhesion/homing revealed by three-dimensional imaging.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed2001

Definition of a novel cellular constituent of the bone marrow that regulates the response of immature B cells to B cell antigen receptor engagement.

Previously we defined a Thy1(dull) bone marrow-derived cell population that regulated fate decisions by immature B cells after Ag receptor signaling. The microenvironmental signals provided by this cell population were shown to redirect the B cell Ag receptor -induced apoptotic response of immature B cells toward continued recombination-activating gene (RAG) expression and secondary light chain recombination (receptor editing). Neither the identity of the cell responsible for this activity nor its role in immature B cell development in vivo were addressed by these previous studies. Here we show that this protective microenvironmental niche is defined by the presence of a novel Thy1(dull), DX5(pos) cell that can be found in close association with immature B cells in vivo. Depletion of this cell eliminates the anti-apoptotic effect of bone marrow in vitro and leads to a significant decrease in the number and frequency of bone marrow immature B cells in vivo. We propose that, just as the bone marrow environment is essential for the survival and progression of pro-B and pre-B cells through their respective developmental checkpoints, this cellular niche regulates the progression of immature stage B cells through negative selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Malignant bone marrow infiltration in nuclear magnetic resonance tomography].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the only non-invasive method detecting changes of bone marrow. While yellow bone marrow produces a high signal intensity, which is similar to subcutaneous fat, any other cellular infiltration of the bone marrow causes a decrease of signal intensity because of replacement of marrow fat cells. In this report we describe two patients, who underwent MRI because of clinical symptoms of coxitis, in order to exclude Perthes disease. Both cases showed decreased signal intensity of the bone marrow particularly of the proximal femura, highly indicative of cellular bone marrow infiltration. Bone marrow aspiration in these patients showed acute lymphocytic leukemia in one case and marrow infiltration by neuroblastoma cells respectively in the other case. Because of its high sensitivity, MRI is also suitable in detecting focal bone marrow disease. For these cases a biopsy of these focal bone marrow lesions can be performed in order to stage the disease properly as in the presence of neuroblastoma or malignant lymphoma presenting with localized disease, however, with focal bone marrow metastases on MRI. In addition MRI can also be used to follow up the disease as well as therapy by showing the regression of these bone marrow lesions.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Normal human granulopoiesis revisited. I. Blood data.

The absence of an unquestionable label to study the components of normal granulopoiesis leads experimentalists to design and develop numerous different techniques. An extensive review of the corresponding human data is performed concerning blood granulocyte cellularity, sojourn time and turnover rate, bone marrow neutrophil cellularity, production, mitotic activities, kinetic parameters and differential cell counts. Advantages and pitfalls relevant to each experimental procedure are discussed. Results obtained from recently devised experimental designs are included and compared to the results derived from more classical techniques. In particular data concerning blood granulocytes obtained through the in vitro labelling procedure using either diisopropylfluorophosphate or radiochromate are re-visited in the light of recently published results derived from techniques using a pulse or a continuous infusion of tritiated thymidine. Although some questions remain, particularly concerning bone marrow differential cell counts, reference data are proposed to elaborate a complete and coherent scheme of normal human neutrophilic granulopoiesis.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1994

Increases in leucocyte and platelet counts induced by the alkyl phospholipid hexadecylphosphocholine.

Hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) is a new alkyl phospholipid that has been shown to have antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo. In vivo studies have shown absence of bone marrow toxicity at therapeutic doses. In addition, at the highest dosage group in rats, an increase in white blood cell counts (WBC) was observed. To study the presence of a similar phenomenon in man, frequent measurements of haematological parameters were performed in a series of phase II studies. 70 patients were treated with daily doses of 100-200 mg of the oral formulation of HePC. WBC and platelet counts were performed weekly. In a subgroup of 23 patients serum levels of haemopoietic growth factors were measured before and during treatment. A significant increase in WBC and platelet counts was seen in 74 and 73% of the patients, respectively. In 4 patients, bone marrow showed normal cellularity, and in 1 patient, bone marrow culture showed normal numbers and sizes of colony forming units. No abnormal levels or trends over time of cytokines were observed. We conclude that oral HePC induces an increase in WBC and platelet counts in the majority of those treated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

A contribution to the study of damage and regeneration of hemopoiesis during fractionated irradiation and repeated bone marrow transplantation.

The experiment was aimed at studying two contradictory actions: damage to hemopoietic organs during application of radiation doses per fraction and regenerative efforts of the organism supported by repeated bone marrow transplantation. The mice received doses of 3 Gy of 60Co-gamma rays total body irradiation at four-day intervals up to a total dose of 18 Gy. After each dose per fraction half of the animals were injected with 10(6) bone marrow cells. At four-day intervals evaluations were made of the blood count, bone marrow and spleen cellularities, and spleen mass. In animals subjected only to irradiation the damage to hemopoietic organs was becoming deeper until the end of observation. In bone marrow recipients the decrease in bone marrow cellularity and the number of leukocytes stopped after day 16, and there was a steep growth of splenic cellularity and mass; the decrease in erythrocyte count stopped on day 20. Obviously a certain recovery of hemopoiesis occurred after the total dose of 12 Gy between days 12 and 16. The lodging of injected hemopoietic stem cells and their proliferation had to be preceded by a regeneration of the hemopoietic microenvironment.

Animals↗