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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The effect of alcohol and placebo on affective reactions of social drinkers to a procedure designed to induce depressive affect anxiety and hostility.

Randomly assigned 33 males to one of three alcohol conditions: High dose (two groups), placebo, and no-dose. All Ss after drinking performed a pseudo test of intelligence. One group of high-dose Ss received feedback that indicated an extremely good performance on the intelligence task (Incentive Gain), while all other Ss received extremely poor performance scores (Incentive Loss). Analysis of pre-post feedback scores on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List indicated differential effect of alcohol and placebo with no change of depressive affect in the two high-dose alcohol groups, but an increase in placebo Ss. Furthermore, incentive loss high-dose Ss rated themselves as significantly more intoxicated than did incentive gain high-dose Ss. The results are discussed in terms of attribution for success and failure, cognitions and depressive affect, and tension reduction models of alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loxapine succinate as initial treatment of hostile and aggressive schizophrenic criminal offenders.

The efficacy and safety of loxapine were evaluated in 18 acutely ill schizophrenic criminal offenders in the Essex County Jail. The offender patients were treated for three days with intramuscular loxapine (25 mg three or four times a day), followed by seven days of oral concentrate (up to 150 mg/day in three or four divided doses). Psychiatric status was determined with the Brief Psychiatric Rating and the Clinical Global impression scales at the time of admission, after 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours, amd on days 7 and 10 of medication. Three patients did not complete treatment: one was released on bail after 24 hours of therapy, and the other two had adverse reactions (tongue swelling and muscle spasms, each in one patient) which required cessation of treatment. Statistically significant improvement in both rating scale results was evident as early as 8 hours after treatment began. By day 10, all Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale items and factors and the Clinical Global impression results were statistically improved over baseline measurements. At the end of the study, 87 per cent (13/15) of the patients were well enough to cooperate with their attorneys and understand the procedures of the court. Adverse effects (generally extrapyramidal) appeared in four of 18 patients during parenteral administration and in two of 15 patients during oral therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Documentation of change in problem behaviors among anxious and hostile-aggressive children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program.

A relatively simple, straightforward procedure is utilized to identify and document changes in problem behaviors among children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program. Results of two outcome measures indicated a significant overall reduction in problem behaviors for the total group. When subgroups of anxious and hostile/aggressive children were considered, however, there was a significantly greater probability that anxious children would benefit more from the program than hostile/aggressive children. The need to consider subgroups of patients when documented treatment effectiveness is emphasized, and the advantage of building documentation techniques into the record-keeping system is discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1994

Children's emotional and physiological responses to interadult angry behavior: the role of history of interparental hostility.

Relations between history of marital discord and responses to interadult angry behavior were examined in preschoolers. Children watched/listened to an angry interaction between two adults, while their heart rate (HR) and skin conductance response (SCR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were monitored; then they were interviewed about their emotional responses to the argument. Children were also videotaped during the session and their overt behavioral distress responses were coded. In comparison to children from low-conflict homes, children from high-conflict homes (a) exhibited more overt behavioral distress in response to the argument, and (b) perceived the angry interaction as less negative in affect. Children's HR reactivity to the angry interaction was influenced by both marital conflict and the gender of the subject. In comparison to girls from low-conflict homes, those from high-conflict homes exhibited more HR reactivity to the argument. For boys, physical violence in the home was negatively associated with HR reactivity.

Child Behavior↗