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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Planning for end user search services in the health sciences library.

End user searching now has the potential for becoming a new reference service in health sciences libraries. No longer viewed simply as a fad, end user searching is contemplated by medical reference librarians for implementation within the information services department. For the most part these services have centered around educational and training sessions. Planning for a more detailed service program is discussed with an outline of issues and concerns. Items that should be discussed in the planning process include costs, searching environment, equipment, telephone, service placement, search system selection, policies, publicity and training. A case report is also presented as an example of implementing a limited end user search service.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2003

Minimally invasive dentistry.

BACKGROUND: During the past few decades, scientific developments in cariology, dental materials and diagnostic systems have changed dentistry's approach to diagnosis and management of dental caries. The authors summarize these developments. OVERVIEW: Dental adhesives and restorative materials, new understanding of the caries process and remineralization, and changes in caries prevlance have catalyzed the evolution in caries management from G.V. Black's "extension for prevention" to "minimally invasive." The authors describe the scientific basis for early diagnosis; a modified classification of caries based on site and size of lesion remineralization; reduction of cariogenic bacteria; and minimally invasive cavity preparation design, techniques and material selection. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Minimally invasive dentistry is based on advances in science. Emerging technologies will facilitate evolution to primary prevention of caries, though technical, cultural and economic obstacles to full implementation in clinical practice now exist.

Air Abrasion, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educating nurses for leadership roles.

As a result of the growing shortage of nurses and the dramatically changing role of the front-line nurse manager, leadership education for nurses is of critical importance. The purpose of the project described in this article was to design, implement, and evaluate an innovative model of nursing leadership development for students enrolled in registered nurse to bachelor of science in nursing or registered nurse to master of science in nursing programs. A guided "action-learning" course was designed that focused on both core knowledge and experiential learning. The course was developed with the assistance of an advisory panel of prominent nurse leaders with expertise in administration, health policy, informatics, and nursing education. The prototype course was offered for the first time as an elective in Spring 2003. Evaluation data indicated that the course was considered valuable by students and with modifications suggested by students, faculty, and advisory panel members, the course would be offered regularly as part of the curriculum. Recommendations also included adapting course content to a continuing education format.

Baltimore↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instructional change in health care education.

Faculty in the nursing, medical, and pharmacy schools of a midwestern university health sciences center responded to a two-part instrument intended to determine the extent of 1) their commitment to implement recommended changes in their teaching activities and 2) their perceptions of the extent to which such changes had been implemented throughout their respective schools. Factor analysis and analysis of variance revealed variable degrees of commitment to change in teaching activities, as well as perceptions that such changes had not been implemented widely throughout the schools. The data suggested that faculty adjusted traditional instructional practices to fit new resources and expanded programs, rather than implementing changes in their instructional methods and techniques as the overall programs changed.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1976

Future role of biomaterials in dentistry and dental education.

It is possible to make predictions on materials research and on its impact if one understands the background of materials science and appraises the constraints on research and practice. In the past ten years some significant advances have been implemented in dental practice. On the basis of these advances, some very optimistic predictions can be made for the next ten years. However, in some areas, little progress was made, and there are some reasons to believe that this limited success will continue. Planning in research and dental education must be based on realistic appraisals of research productivity.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2007

Implementation and evaluation of the MSc course in health informatics in Greece.

OBJECTIVES: Health informatics is a well established and important multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary field that not only involves informatics but also medicine, nursing, engineering, biology and other-related subjects. The program has been organized on the basis of an inter-university approach with the participation of five Greek universities. The paper aims at providing a current description of the academic program and a preliminary evaluation of the implementation phase. METHODS: The paper presents a case study of a curriculum implementation from the phase of curriculum development to the phase of implementation and evaluation. Due to the interdisciplinary character of the course appropriate procedures were undertaken to ensure that mixed backgrounds can assimilate the broad spectrum of the teaching material taught. In the first stages of the implementation international students mainly from Europe attended the course. In addition, local graduates provided an extra dimension to the multi-layered difficulties and challenges of such a course implementation. RESULTS: The students registered in the course were from different backgrounds and disciplines. They were mainly from health sciences and engineering schools. The interdisciplinary arrangement of the course facilitated the proper exchange of thoughts, skills, and knowledge among and between students and teachers. CONCLUSIONS: The postgraduate course in health informatics at the University of Athens has now been running for more than fifteen consecutive years and is one of the first and longest standing courses in Europe. Continuous evaluation and adaptation is required to fit within the changing and evolving amazing field of biomedical and health informatics.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1995

Integration of information-seeking skills and activities into a problem-based curriculum.

Recent trends in medical education include a shift from the traditional, didactic, lecture-oriented approach to a more student-driven, problem-based approach to learning. This trend provides librarians with an opportunity to develop programs to teach information-gathering skills that support and are integrated into problem-based learning (PBL). In 1992, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine implemented the initial phase of a curriculum revision that emphasizes PBL. Since that time, Falk Library of the Health Sciences has provided a large-scale, intensive program integrating information-seeking skills and activities into the first-year Patient-Doctor Relationship course, a sequence that initiates medical school. A multimodal approach to information seeking and sources is emphasized, utilizing print and audiovisual materials, computerized resources, and subject experts. The Falk Library program emphasizes the gathering and use of information as central to both PBL and student skills development. An informal, post-course evaluation was conducted to gauge which information resources were used and valued most by students. This article presents evaluation results, including data on the use of information sources and services, and student perceptions of the librarian's role in the PBL sessions.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1996

[The pediatrician and cancer prevention. Dietetic factors and smoking].

Cancer has been associated to well-defined risk factors. Nutritional factors and tobacco are the most important causes of cancer deaths. Prevention should be based on health education. Beikost guidelines should be the early step to implement a healthy diet. American Cancer Society, US Department of Health and Human Services, and the National Academy of Sciences recommendations are analyzed. Recommendations include maintain a desirable body weight, eat a varied diet, include a variety of both vegetable and fruits, eat more high fiber foods, cutdown on total fat intake, limit consumption of alcoholic beverages, salt-cured, smoked and nitrite-cured foods. Suggestions relate to caution with food additives, increase vitamin E intake, proper selenium intake, limit artificial sweeteners, reduce coffee and cholesterol consumption, avoid cooking at high temperatures. Local diets fulfil most of the recommendations. Tobacco consume carries a higher risk of cancer arising from different locations. Pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke is harmful to health. Prevention requires the combined action of parents, teachers, health professionals, civic associations and governmental institutions.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1996

[Health promotion in the work environment--old and new challenges for public health].

Associations between work and health can be found at many different levels. Work itself can have health hazardous as well as health promoting effects. Work defines status and life-style as well as social security and occupies a large proportion of time in our lives. Until now the process to integrate issues of worksite prevention and health promotion into Public Health proceeds slowly in contrast to other countries e.g. the USA. Weak connections between occupational medicine and Public Health as well as relative few projects focussing on work site in the Public Health Research Associations reflect this trend. Work site public health research according to the guidelines of the Ottawa Charta (WHO) could enhance the transition of approaches justified now in terms of risk and legal liability towards an orientation on health resources and preventive potentials. This transition is promising in regard to the science of public health. However, bottleneck facilities can be identified: the development of appropriate health reports in companies, the implementation and further development of new steering models for worksite interventions (especially the organizational development) and the implementation and further development of appropriate form of quality assurance which can be evaluated.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

First-principles quantum chemistry in the life sciences.

The area of computational quantum chemistry, which applies the principles of quantum mechanics to molecular and condensed systems, has developed drastically over the last decades, due to both increased computer power and the efficient implementation of quantum chemical methods in readily available computer programs. Because of this, accurate computational techniques can now be applied to much larger systems than before, bringing the area of biochemistry within the scope of electronic-structure quantum chemical methods. The rapid pace of progress of quantum chemistry makes it a very exciting research field; calculations that are too computationally expensive today may be feasible in a few months' time! This article reviews the current application of 'first-principles' quantum chemistry in biochemical and life sciences research, and discusses its future potential. The current capability of first-principles quantum chemistry is illustrated in a brief examination of computational studies on neurotransmitters, helical peptides, and DNA complexes.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed2002

Sustainable development of water services industry.

The world population is expected to increase up to 8 billion by 2015. Most of the cities in the world are scattered around the fresh water resources. These cities and villages have their own interests and they constitute a power order. Therefore, we have been trying to harmonize these cities and villages in the usage of fresh water resources and the discharging of wastewater as well, by using an engineering means of water treatment. However, fresh water resources, which are essential to our lives, have a constant amount of circulation with a period of one week to ten days. The science and technology of the water environment should recognize the limit of fresh water resources for the sustainable development of society, because the water service industries are the essential infrastructure of the community. In order to implement an appropriate risk management it is necessary to identify the goal of environmental management considering the social, natural and economical conditions. The energy-dependent technologies should be reconsidered to consume less energy and undertake more resource conservation engineering. Water science and technology cannot supply all the answers, therefore more comprehensive water management systems should be developed by other sectors, such as the food production industry.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2006

Gender perspective in medicine: a vital part of medical scientific rationality. A useful model for comprehending structures and hierarchies within medical science.

BACKGROUND: During the past few decades, research has reported gender bias in various areas of clinical and academic medicine. To prevent such bias, a gender perspective in medicine has been requested, but difficulties and resistance have been reported from implementation attempts. Our study aimed at analysing this resistance in relation to what is considered good medical research. METHOD: We used a theoretical model, based on scientific competition, to understand the structures of scientific medicine and how they might influence the resistance to a gender perspective in medicine. The model was originally introduced to discuss how pluralism improves rationality in the social sciences. RESULTS: The model provided a way to conceptualise different fields of research in medicine: basic research, applied research, medical philosophy, and 'empowering' research. It clarified how various research approaches within medicine relate to each other, and how they differ and compete. It also indicated why there might be conflicts between them: basic and applied research performed within the biomedical framework have higher status than gender research and other research approaches that are performed within divergent research paradigms. CONCLUSION: This hierarchy within medical research contributes to the resistance to a gender perspective, causing gender bias and making medical scientific rationality suboptimal. We recommend that the theoretical model can be applied in a wider medical context when different and hierarchically arranged research traditions are in conflict. In this way, the model might contribute to shape a medical community where scientific pluralism is acknowledged to enlarge, not to disturb, the scientific rationality of medicine.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1981

[Hypnosis in general medicine].

Organic pathologies with psychoaffective aetiology are numerous, and in all diseases, mental and rational elements are concomitant with the organic situation. Aware of the psycho-dynamic mechanisms he sets in motion by his actions and appreciating those underlying the symptomatology he has to deal with, the hypnologist transcends the overspecialisation of medical science to restore the patient's psycho-physical unitary reality. This explains both the possibilities of hypnositherapy in general medicine and its impassable limits. The hypnositherapy that the general practitioner can (and most implement must be perfected by a qualified psychotherapeutist when symptomatology cannot be eradicated without tackling the aetiological factor with a serious analysis of the profound. Hypnosis is, therefore, an extra therapeutic possibility for the physician and this is why it can only be used with science, awareness and on the basis of ethics.

Aphonia↗
PubMed1999

From science to everyday clinical practice. Need for systematic evaluation of research findings.

This paper focuses on problems attached to using scientific results in everyday clinical practice. Based on examples we raise the question: Are research results obtained under ideal scientific conditions, presented to health professionals and the public in a way that creates unrealistic expectations of the health services? We suggest that the clinical researcher, when reporting scientific results, should be obliged to consider technological aspects, i.e. the human and monetary cost, effectiveness, compliance, the expected consequence for the patient, professionals and society, and resources needed to accomplish it. Presented with these considerations, actors of the health care scene in terms of professionals, administrators, politicians and patients should be better suited to decide if implementation of a new treatment should take place. Such procedures will give the population and the politicians more realistic expectations of the contributions of medical science and the health services in general.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Applications and outcomes of virtual reality in inpatient psychiatry: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) has been widely used in outpatient psychiatric services and has demonstrated benefits across several clinical diagnoses, but its use and effects in inpatient settings remain to be explored. This systematic review aimed to examine the use of VR during psychiatric hospitalization, including types of VR applications, barriers and facilitators of implementation, and effects on various outcomes. METHODS: The review was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42023446524). Following PRISMA guidelines, databases (Ovid, SciVerse, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and WorldCat) were searched from 1983 to 2025 using keywords related to VR and psychiatric disorders. Studies involving the use of VR with psychiatric inpatients (≥85%) were included. Descriptive statistics and narrative syntheses were used to summarize findings. Study quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: After full-text screening, 37 studies (N = 1,004) met inclusion criteria. VR was used for both assessment and intervention, with cognitive-behavioral therapy/exposure (35%) and assessment (24%) being the most frequently used. VR use in inpatient units appeared feasible, acceptable, and safe for inpatients and clinicians, though findings remain preliminary. Several facilitators (e.g. adequate staff training and supervision) and common barriers (e.g. technical difficulties and limited resources) were identified. The most consistent improvements were observed in clinical symptoms (e.g. anxiety) compared with psychosocial, cognitive, and physiological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that inpatient settings represent a promising, yet understudied context for VR-based assessments and interventions. High-quality trials and systematic reporting of implementation are needed in future studies to inform research and clinical practice.

Humans↗