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PubMed1995

Effect of antidepressants on ATP content, 3H-valine incorporation and cell morphometry of astrocytes cultured from rat brain.

ATP is a potential marker of cell vialibility and growth. The content of ATP and 3H-valine incorporation into proteins were measured and the morphometry was performed after antidepressant treatment of astrocytes cultured in vitro with or without dibutyryl 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dB-cAMP). Antidepressants were added into the culture medium (for 24 h) at a final concentration of 10(-4)M (imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepine, mianserin) or 10(-5)M (maprotiline). It was shown that all antidepressants except maprotiline and imipramine increased ATP level and decreased 3H-valine incorporation into astrocytes. All drugs except clomipramine and maprotiline, diminished cell area and perimeter of astrocytes. The addition of dB-cAMP to cultures caused an increase of astrocyte form factor. It can be concluded that antidepressants have a significant effect on energy metabolism and differentiation of astrocytes cultured in vitro.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1992

Tumor size, nuclear morphometry, mitotic indices as prognostic factors in axillary-lymph-node-positive breast cancer.

The biopsy specimens from the primary tumors of 234 women with axillary-lymph-node-positive breast carcinomas (followed up for a mean of 10.9 years) were subjected to interactive morphometric analysis of nine nuclear factors. The proliferative activity of the tumors was estimated by determining two different mitotic indices. Morphometrically determined nuclear factors and mitotic indices showed a significant correlation to the histological grading (p less than 0.0001). Mitotic activity index (MAI; p = 0.018) and volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V index; p = 0.005) accurately predicted the tumor recurrence. Recurrence-free survival was related to the M/V index (p = 0.0003), MAI (p = 0.0024) and tumor size (p = 0.0144). Disease-related survival was determined by the tumor size (p less than 0.0001), M/V index (p = 0.0142) and MAI (p = 0.0492) in that order. On the other hand, the nuclear factors analyzed and the histological grading used had no predictive value (i.e. tumor recurrence, recurrence-free survival or tumor-related survival) in these women. The results indicate that mitotic indices can be successfully applied in place for subjective grading and nuclear morphometry in predicting the disease outcome in patients with axillary-lymph-node-positive breast carcinomas. The mitotic indices provide independent prognostic information in addition to tumor size. The major clinical implications of these results would be to accurately disclose among these women the high-risk patients (i.e. those with high mitotic indices), who might benefit from more agressive adjuvant therapies.

Axilla↗

PubMed1983

The circumferential length of the internal elastic membrane measured by computer digitizer morphometry, and its relation to in vivo aorta diameter.

The circumference of the internal elastic membrane of rabbit aorta has been measured by means of computer digitizer morphometry. Measurements were made on sections cut at 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. These measurements were compared with calculated values of a luminal circumference based on in vivo measurements of the external diameter and vessel wall thickness measured on the sections prepared. It is found that the lengths of the internal elastic membranes measured are significantly greater than the calculated values. Thus the internal elastic membranes must be thrown into folds in vivo. The possible function of the folds is considered.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Morphology and morphometry of the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy.

Morphometry was carried out on the luminal epithelium of the rabbit uterus from oestrus to day 21 of pseudopregnancy. This indicated that syncytia increased in size until day 18, after which a rapid reduction occurred with approximate oestrous dimensions being restored on day 21. Involution of syncytia took place in two overlapping stages with reduction in nuclear numbers occurring from day 12 onwards, followed by loss of cytoplasm mainly after day 18. Ciliated cells predominated at oestrus and day 21 but were sparse at other times. When ciliated cells were plentiful, they were concentrated on the tops of the mucosal folds.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Ultrastructural tissue morphometry of the distribution of extracellular matrix vesicles in remodeling rat tibial bone six days after injury.

A study of the distribution of extracellular matrix vesicles on the 6th day of bone healing was performed by methods of transmission electron microscopy combined with computerized morphometry. The vesicles were detected on the electron micrographs and grouped according to their diameters, distance from the calcified front and type. The different types were selected as follows: vesicles with electron-lucent contents, i.e., 'empty'; vesicles with amorphous electron-opaque contents, i.e., 'amorphous'; vesicles containing crystalline depositions, i.e., 'crystal', and vesicles containing crystalline structures with ruptured membranes, i.e., 'rupture'. Most of the vesicles were concentrated between diameters of 0.02 and 0.22 microns. Most of the vesicles were found within a distance of less than 3 micron from the calcified front. The vesicles were distributed according to their types: 'empty', 'amorphous', 'crystal' and 'rupture' in 14, 39, 34 and 13%, respectively. The diameters of the 'crystal' and 'rupture' vesicles were significantly larger than those of the 'empty' and 'amorphous' types. The sequence of distances from the calcified front was recorded as follows: 'rupture', 'crystal', 'amorphous' and 'empty', the 'rupture' type being the closest to the front. The results of the present study confirm the accepted hypothesis on calcification via extracellular matrix vesicles. It is thought that the cell secretes 'empty' vesicles that accumulate amorphous Ca and P to form a hydroxy-apatite crystal. This is followed by rupture of the vesicular membrane. The propagation of the process is accompanied by increase in the vesicular diameter and its approximation to the calcifying front.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Morphometry and elemental analysis of rat exocrine pancreas following administration of trypsin inhibitor.

The morphological responses of the exocrine pancreas of the adult male rat to soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) were studied by ultrastructural morphometry and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. STI administered orally in drinking water for 14 days resulted in a 72% increase in the wet weight of the pancreas. This enlargement was due, largely, to an increase in acinar cell mass. Volume increases in the acinar cell mass and extra-acinar cell compartment were 72 and 30%, respectively. The estimated total number of acinar cells in the mean exocrine pancreas was 500 million in the control and 630 million in the experimental group, representing an increase of 27%. Acinar cell volume was 1,790 microns 3 for the control and 2,457 microns 3 for the STI group. The pronounced morphometric changes of the organelles in the STI group were: the mean nucleolar volume increased by 56%; the volume of zymogen granular mass per cell increased by 93%; the volume of the Golgi complex and the condensing vacuoles per cell increased by 52 and 100%, respectively, whereas the membrane area of the Golgi complex and the condensing vacuoles increased by 98 and 47%, respectively. Spectral analysis of seven elements (Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca) showed significant changes for nuclei, zymogen granules and mitochondria following STI: nuclei showed Na, P, K increased; zymogen granules showed Na, P, S, K increased, Cl decreased; mitochondrial particles showed Mg, P, Cl, Ca increased, and the mitochondrial matrix showed S decreased. The persistent uptake of STI probably resulted in a continual release of a trophic hormone acting on pancreatic tissue components, consequently causing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the exocrine pancreas to accommodate a heightened demand for synthesis of exportable proteins.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Electron microscopy and morphometry of nucleoli in rat neurosecretory cells with stimulated and suppressed secretion.

The nucleoli in the neurons of the supraoptic nucleus in the rat were analyzed by electron microscopy and morphometry after the secretion of vasopressin had been fully suppressed by water load, after the secretion had been stimulated by water deprivation and in normal rats which had water ad libitum. Suppression of the secretion increased the proportion of fibrillar centres in the nucleoli 2-fold. Stimulation of the secretion increased the proportion of the granular component by 22%. The overall nucleolar organization did not change very much with the secretory activity. The results show that an increased proportion of fibrillar centres in nucleoli is an indicator of decreased secretory activity and, moreover, that an increased volume of the nucleolar fibrillar and granular components per cell indicates an increased secretory activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Value of morphometry as an independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma.

Nuclear morphometry was performed in 159 adenocarcinomas of the kidney. The mean and SD of the following nuclear parameters were calculated: area, perimeter, major axis, minor axis and a shape factor. Median survival, including all stages, was 72 months and cumulative survival at 5, 10 and 15 years of 50, 42 and 33%, respectively. Values of morphometric parameters, except for shape factor, tend to increase in proportion to stage. Nuclear area was the best parameter to predict the variability in survival time. The Cox regression model was performed for each stage, and the relationship with length of survival time was studied. For stage T1-2 N0 M0, nuclear area was the only variable chosen as an independent significant predictor of outcome. For the rest of the stages, no variables were selected as predictors at any significant level.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Coronary capillaries in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy or angina pectoris with patent main coronary arteries. Ultrastructural morphometry of endomyocardial biopsy samples.

BACKGROUND: The coronary microvasculature may be abnormal even in the presence of angiographically normal epicardial arteries. Abnormalities of small coronary vessels have been invoked as a cause of angina. METHODS AND RESULTS: To quantitatively evaluate the morphology of capillaries in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or the syndrome of angina and small vessel disease (SVD), we performed electron microscopic morphometry of capillaries in right ventricular biopsy samples taken from 32 patients. Ten had angina, normal epicardial coronary arteries, and evidence for SVD; 12 had DCM; and 10 had normal hearts. In patients with DCM, the ratio of microvessels to myocytes was not different than that of controls (0.49 +/- 0.06 versus 0.51 +/- 0.05). Mean cross-sectional areas of the capillaries (lumen plus wall) and lumen were significantly greater than those of controls (45.3 +/- 15.1 versus 22.7 +/- 8.3 micron 2, p less than 0.001; 17.6 +/- 6.9 versus 11.6 +/- 6.2 micron 2, p less than 0.05, respectively). Fibrous content of the myocardium, as assessed by quantitative light microscopy, was significantly increased (16.3 +/- 3.3% versus 5.0 +/- 2.4%, p less than 0.001). In contrast, in patients with SVD, the capillary-to-myocyte ratio was reduced (0.33 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.001). Although mean cross-sectional areas of the entire capillary (32.4 +/- 19.7 micron 2) and the lumen (8.9 +/- 7.8 micron 2) were not statistically different than those of controls, there was an absence of capillaries less than 15 micron 2 in cross-sectional area, and the frequency distribution of the lumen area was skewed to the left. Swollen endothelial cells frequently encroached upon the lumen. There was a mild increase in fibrous content (9.5 +/- 3.7%, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Enlarged capillaries and a normal ratio of capillaries to myocytes appear to be features of DCM. Of the patients with SVD, there was both a relative lack of capillaries and capillary lumen narrowing from swollen endothelium. These changes may induce ischemia and angina and may result in mild fibrosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Morphometry of pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium of rabbit lungs using automated equipment.

Pinocytotic vesicles are one of several anatomic factors relevant to the permeability for macromolecules of capillary endothelia. We quantitified the number and distribution of pinocytotic vesicles present in the endothelium of pulmonary capillaries. Several similar studies have been reported in the past for endothelia of systemic capillaries, but the technical difficulties involved in this difficult application of morphometry never have been discussed. In the present work, an on-line microprocessor was used to assist with the processing of the point-counting data. The average figures from nine rabbit lungs for parameters thought to be relevant to characterize the population of vesicles are: thickness of the endothelium (TAUen) 0.192 microns; number of vesicles per volume unit of cell (NVen), 131 vesicles/microns3; vesicular load of each cell front (N/S)b, 196 vesicle/microns2, and (N/S)i, 181 vesicles/microns2. The number of vesicles per volume unit (NVen) is smaller than that which has been described for systemic capillaries.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural morphometry of hypertensive medial damage in lenticulostriate and other arteries.

Characteristic medial damage occurs in the distal lenticulostriate arteries in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Medical changes were studied in the proximal and distal lenticulostriate arteries and cortical circumflex arterioles. Additionally, intramyocardial coronary, gastric submucosal and renal interlobular arterioles were examined in hypertensive patients. Hypertensive medial damage consisted of irregular atrophy and paucity of smooth muscle with accumulation of nonfatty debris and basement membranes. These changes were diffuse, extensive and not uniform, and were unrelated to atherosclerosis or bifurcation. By electron microscopic morphometry smooth muscle occupied 28% of the media in the distal lenticulostriate arteries of hypertensive patients as compared with 80% in controls. The proximal lenticulostriate and cortical branches in hypertensive patients showed values higher than 50%, as did the coronary, gastric and renal arterioles. Massive primary hemorrhages are prevalent in the area supplied by the distal lenticulostriate artery, 150-660 microns in diameter. Fibrinoid necrosis and microaneurysm occur in more peripheral arterioles, 70-200 microns. Thus, hypertensive medial damage with significant reduction of the smooth muscle area to less than 50% of the total media is viewed as an additional important factor which predisposes to sudden arterial rupture and massive cerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Noninvasive diagnosis of emphysema. Aerosol morphometry and aerosol bolus dispersion in comparison to HRCT.

Aerosol-derived airway morphometry (ADAM) and aerosol bolus dispersion (ABD) test are altered in patients with emphysema. We examined the diagnostic power of these aerosol methods in comparison with the noninvasive "gold-standard" HRCT in 50 consecutive patients with various lung diseases. The severity of airflow limitation was mild to moderate in the group of patients without emphysema and moderate to severe in the group of patients with HRCT-confirmed emphysema (FEV(1), 78 +/- 23% pred versus 53 +/- 33% pred; p < 0. 001). Among all lung function parameters under consideration ADAM showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for separating patients with emphysema from those without emphysema (area under the operating characteristics curve: p(ROC), 0.92), followed by ABD (p(ROC), 0.90), a marker for ventilation inhomogeneities. In patients with HRCT-confirmed macroscopic emphysema, peripheral air-space dimensions (EAD) at a relative volumetric lung depth V(pr) of 0.20 measured by ADAM were 155% larger, and bolus dispersion (ABD) at a lung depth of V(p) 600 ml was 53% larger than those observed in patients with other lung diseases (EAD = 0.84 +/- 0.53 mm versus 0.33 +/- 0.10 mm, p < 0.0001; ABD = 706 +/- 154 cm(3) versus 462 +/- 109 cm(3); p < 0.0001). EAD showed a significant correlation with the HRCT visual score (r = 0.78, p = 0.01). ABD showed weak significant correlations with all HRCT parameters under consideration (visual score, pixel density, mean lung density) (r = 0.45 to 0.66; p < 0.05). ADAM and ABD are powerful tools for the noninvasive diagnosis of macroscopic emphysema.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1990

Morphometry of ampullar dark cells.

The morphologic characteristics of rat ampullar dark cells were analyzed quantitatively. Four parameters were measured: cell area per micron baseline length, membrane surface density, volume density of intercellular space, and volume density of vacuoles. No statistically significant difference was observed for any parameter, either between dark cell regions of the superior, lateral, and posterior ampullae or between different regions of dark cells within a given ampulla. The membrane surface density of the ampullar dark cells was similar to that reported for principal cells of the cortical collecting duct in the kidney. The volume density of the intercellular spaces of the dark cells was very constant, unlike that reported for epithelia involved in isotonic fluid transport. Vacuoles were found to comprise only a small portion of protoplasm in the dark cells. This new morphometry provides a basis on which to examine the response of ampullar dark cells to differing experimental conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The influence of growth hormone on cell proliferation in odontogenic epithelia by bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry and morphometry in the Lewis dwarf rat.

For investigation of how growth hormone affects tooth development, bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry and morphometry were used for the study of cell proliferation in odontogenic epithelial cell layers. The number of cells in the S phase, as revealed by this technique, and in mitosis, were counted in Bouin's-perfused and paraffin-embedded undecalcified maxillary incisor enamel organs of normal rats, in growth-hormone-deficient dwarf rats, and in dwarf rats treated with growth hormone (66 micrograms/100 g body wt) twice daily for six days. Significantly fewer labeled nuclei, unlabeled nuclei, and total nuclei of various odontogenic epithelia were found in dwarf rats, but in dwarf rats treated with growth hormone, numbers of labeled nuclei equivalent to normal were found in the internal enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium, and Hertwig root sheath. Moreover, the mitotic index for pre-ameloblasts was 1.64 in normal rats, 0.92 for dwarf rats, and 1.66 for growth-hormone-treated dwarf rats (SD, 0.10). Other parameters--such as the labeling index and the ratio of positive to negative nuclei--were similarly related to GH status. Thus, growth hormone may play a role in the proliferation of the odontogenic epithelia in the rat.

Ameloblasts↗

PubMed1987

Computerized nuclear morphometry: a reproducible cytopathologic marker of head and neck cancer.

Computerized nuclear morphometry (CNM) has been compared with the standard histopathologic grading of squamous cell carcinoma in patients who have undergone chemotherapy for head and neck cancers. Statistics were significant between the histopathologic and CNM readings that were done. CNM represents an objective method of quantitating the histopathologic readings of nuclear pheomorphism and cancer differentiation to allow these criteria to be used as prognostic indicators in squamous cancers. CNM readings of individual biopsy specimens from patients were shown to characterize each tumor. This may represent a cytopathologic method for tracking a cancer through whatever course of therapy is given.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1988

Trabecular bone morphometry in beagles with hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal adenomas.

Trabecular bone morphometry was done on rib samples of beagles with hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal adenomas to evaluate bone loss and the remodeling changes responsible. Beagles diagnosed as having clinical hyperadrenocorticism and those with milder or subclinical hyperadrenocorticism diagnosed on the basis of adrenal and pituitary lesions at necropsy had increased adrenal and pituitary gland weights. In a group of dogs with adrenal cortical adenomas there was atrophy of remaining cortex, and the combined weight of adrenal glands or pituitary weights were not increased. In dogs with clinical hyperadrenocorticism, mean trabecular bone volume was 25% less than controls (P = 0.10). In both clinical and subclinical hyperadrenocorticism groups, the extent of trabecular surface with unmineralized osteoid matrix and osteoblasts was significantly reduced. There were no changes in resorption surfaces or number of osteoclasts present. No bone changes were seen in dogs with adrenal adenomas. In dogs with hyperadrenocorticism it appeared that decreased bone formation was primarily responsible for the relative osteopenia that developed. Although parathyroid glands were moderately enlarged in those dogs for which weights were available, the bone changes were not those of increased remodeling expected in hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2004

Delayed shrinkage of the brain after ischemic stroke: preliminary observations with voxel-guided morphometry.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The most important effect of cerebral ischemia is brain infarction. In this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, the authors aimed at assessing postischemic brain atrophy. METHODS: Ten patients suffering from their first acute cerebral ischemia in the territory of the middle cerebral artery were studied retrospectively. Three-dimensional MRI volume scans were recorded in the acute and chronic stage after infarction and analyzed voxel by voxel intraindividually with the newly developed voxel-guided morphometry. RESULTS: Shrinkage of brain tissue was detected in all patients, not only in the perilesional cortical structures but also in contralateral homolog cortex areas and subcortically in the striatum and thalamus. This secondary shrinkage was not related to the size of the infarcts or to the clinical outcome of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that delayed brain atrophy after acute ischemic stroke involved areas anatomically connected with the ischemic brain lesion but nevertheless was accompanied by a simultaneous improvement of the neurological deficit.

Atrophy↗

PubMed2004

Using morphometry of the larval rostellar hooks to distinguish Iranian strains of Echinococcus granulosus.

Human cystic echinococcosis is widely distributed throughout Iran, where sheep, cattle, goats, camels and other animals act as intermediate hosts. It appears that morphometry of the rostellar hooks on the protoscoleces of the causative parasite, Echinococcus granulosus, can be used to separate the strains or variants of the parasite to be found in humans and livestock in Iran. Multivariate statistical procedures, including principal-component analysis and discriminant-function analysis (DFA), were used to explore the morphometric data obtained from the larval hooks of Iranian samples of E. granulosus. Although five physical variables were initially considered, the results of the PCA indicated that just two factors (based on the length of hooks and number of hooks) accounted for 91.6% of the variance observed in the hook measurements. The results of the DFA allowed the correct classification of all the samples. The presence in Iran of the sheep and camel strains of the parasite was confirmed. The sheep strain was the most common variant encountered, being recovered from sheep, cattle, goats, humans and occasionally camels. Most of the metacestode samples from camels and a few of those from cattle (five of 30), sheep (one of 27) and humans (two of 23) were found to be of the camel strain. These results indicate that larval-hook morphology is a valid method for identifying E. granulosus strains in Iran, and one that is potentially useful for epidemiological studies.

Animals↗