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PubMedDate not supplied

[Human cutaneous leishmaniasis in western Africa].

The authors present a synthesis of all available data concerning cutaneous leishmaniasis in West Africa. After describing the natural biotope of the disease, they recall the first reported cases, then the systematic surveys and leishmanin skin tests which allowed a better knowledge of the disease in some West African countries. The census of the most important foci shows a typical belt distribution related to the bioclimatic conditions. Lastly, the authors report an epidemiological investigation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Keur-Moussa focus near Thies (Senegal), which allowed to describe the natural cycle of the disease and present an hypothesis on the focus dynamics. The possibility of extrapolating data obtained in Senegal to other West African countries is discussed.

Africa, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The malaria prevalence in at-risk groups of the native population in Western Africa. 1. Pregnant women].

A total of 1277 women at various pregnancy terms were examined in field conditions in four West African countries. Malaria infection rate in areas varying in endemicity and the time course of this incidence in various pregnancy terms were studied. Malaria incidence among pregnant women living in areas mesoendemic for the disease was 13.0 to 16.0%, that in hyperendemic areas 36.9 to 42.1%. Increase of malariometric parameters in the second half of pregnancy was noted. The necessity of chemoprophylaxis in meso- and hyperendemic areas was confirmed. The choice of the drug depends on Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to this drug and drug tolerance by pregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Obstetric complications of the first trimester in Western Africa].

The obstetrical complications affecting women in Benin, Senegal and Ivory Coast during the first trimester of pregnancy were studied. Information about the 345 women included in the study was collected from registers maintained by the eight participating maternity units. The most frequent complications observed were spontaneous abortions (50% of admissions), complications of induced abortions (34%), and ectopic pregnancy (8%). Overall, the patients appear to have gained rapid access to care: two thirds of the women underwent interventions on the day of admission. Nevertheless, there were three maternal deaths, two of which followed induced abortion complications.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2005

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pre-schoolchildren aged 1-5 years in the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, Western Africa.

The prevalence status of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (DRSTP), Western Africa, is unknown to date. A serologic survey of T. gondii infection among pre-schoolchildren aged <5 years in the DRSTP was assessed by the latex agglutination (LA) test from November 2003 to March 2004. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was not low, reaching 21.49% (26/121). No significant gender difference in seroprevalence was found between boys (19.30%; 11/57) and girls (23.44%; 15/64) (chi2 = 0.31, P = 0.58). The older age group of 4-5 years had significantly higher seroprevalence (36.67%; 11/30) than the younger age group of <2 years (10.34%; 3/29) (chi2 = 5.64, P = 0.02). It was noteworthy that the majority of seropositive boys (90.91%; 10/11) or older children aged > or = 2 years (82.61%; 19/23) had high LA titres of > or = 1:1024, indirectly indicating acute Toxoplasma infection. This study is the first report indicating that T. gondii infection is not low in pre-schoolchildren aged <5 years in the DRSTP. Whether the DRSTP pre-schoolchildren acquire T. gondii infection through constant exposure to the parasite from their daily activities owing to poor environmental hygiene should be further evaluated.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1994

Seroepidemiologic, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses of simian T-cell leukemia viruses (STLV-I) from various naturally infected monkey species from central and western Africa.

A study of simian T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus infection, conducted on 747 nonhuman primates belonging to 14 different species in Central and Western Africa, indicated that 4 species (Cercopithecus aethiops, Erythrocebus patas, Papio doguera, and Cercopithecus mona pogonias) had a high prevalence of seropositivity to simian T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I (STLV-I). The other nonhuman primate species, however, had negative or low levels of anti-HTLV-I antibodies. STLV-I pol and env DNA was detected in 12 of 12 different animals among the seropositive species. However, STLV-I pX DNA could be detected in only 10 of 12 animals. Comparative phylogenetic analyses based on 140 bp sequence of the pol gene indicate that these STLV-I isolates were 0-9% divergent from each other and were 3.5-7% divergent from the prototype related human retrovirus HTLV-I (ATK). The West African STLV-I isolates formed a unique phylogenetic cluster as did most of the Central African STLV-I isolates, save for STLV-I (Tan 90). The phylogenetic data indicate that cross species transmission of HTLV-I and STLV-I continued to occur long after their ancestral strain separated from the progenitor to HTLV-II. Comparative amino acid analyses indicated that there was marked conservation of the TAX protein regardless of host species, while the pol and REX proteins exhibited increasing levels of diversity.

Africa, Central↗
PubMed1984

Probable chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in south-western Africa.

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been described in East, Central and West Africa. We report on 2 patients with probable chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria in south-western Africa. Both patients had been in northern SWA/Namibia and southern Angola, but had taken prophylactic chloroquine. Despite the subsequent administration of adequate courses of chloroquine therapy, the parasitaemias failed to clear completely. Eventual clinical and laboratory-proven cure was only obtained in 1 case after combined quinine and tetracycline therapy. To our knowledge, these represent the first cases of probable chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria acquired in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Telemedicine in Western Africa: lessons learned from a pilot project in Mali, perspectives and recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the feasibility, potential and risks of an internet-based telemedicine network in developing countries of Western Africa. METHODS: a project for the development of a national telemedicine network in Mali was initiated in 2001, using internet-based technologies for distance learning and teleconsultations. RESULTS: the telemedicine network has been in productive use for 12 months and has enabled various collaboration channels, including North-South, South-South, and South-North distance learning and teleconsultations. It also unveiled a set of potential problems: a) limited pertinence of North-South collaborations when there are major differences in available resources or socio-cultural contexts between the collaborating parties; b) risk of induced digital divide if the periphery of the health system is not involved in the development of the network, and c) need for the development of local medical contents management skills. CONCLUSION: the identified risks must be taken into account when designing large-scale telemedicine projects in developing countries and can be mitigated by the fostering of South-South collaboration channels, the use of satellite-based internet connectivity in remote areas, and the valorization of local knowledge and its publication on-line.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1994

[Dermatological aspects of AIDS in western Africa. Apropos of 140 cases].

This clinical survey, carried out during a 3 years period in the Dermatological Department of Bouake Hospital (Ivory Coast) analyses the skin and mucous membranes troubles caused by AIDS among adults. It is the first of that kind in Western Africa. 140 patients were concerned, showing carious dermatological troubles, 25 of them were counted. Few tropical skin diseases have their clinical picture altered by immunodeficiency. However, the Buruli ulcer may be described, which has in this condition a particularly development. We have underlined the particularities of some ubiquitous diseases, either because they appear on black skin (seborrheic dermatitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, prurigo, woolly hair syndrome, ichtyosis) or because they were neglected, or because they take an extensive form (chronic herpes, profuse condyloma). At the end of the survey, we are proposing a classification of the dermatological troubles, according to their features which might suggest AIDS. On this account, erythroderma, scattered forms of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, and noma, find a place among the troubles suggesting adult AIDS in sub-saharian Africa.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗