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PubMed2005

Destruction of Deinococcus geothermalis biofilm by photocatalytic ALD and sol-gel TiO2 surfaces.

The aim of the present work was to explore possibilities of photocatalytic TiO2 coating for reducing biofilms on non-living surfaces. The model organism, Deinococcus geothermalis, known to initiate growth of durable, colored biofilms on machine surfaces in the paper industry, was allowed to form biofilms on stainless steel, glass and TiO2 film coated glass or titanium. Field emission electron microscopy revealed that the cells in the biofilm formed at 45 degrees C under vigorous shaking were connected to the surface by means of numerous adhesion threads of 0.1-0.3 microm in length. Adjacent cells were connected to one another by threads of 0.5-1 microm in length. An ultrastructural analysis gave no indication for the involvement of amorphous extracellular materials (e.g., slime) in the biofilm. When biofilms on photocatalytic TiO2 surfaces, submerged in water, were exposed to 20 W h m(-2) of 360 nm light, both kinds of adhesion threads were completely destroyed and the D. geothermalis cells were extensively removed (from >10(7) down to below 10(6) cells cm(-2)). TiO2 films prepared by the sol-gel technique were slightly more effective than those prepared by the ALD technique. Doping of the TiO2 with sulfur did not enhance its biofilm-destroying capacity. The results show that photocatalytic TiO2 surfaces have potential as a self-cleaning technology for warm water using industries.

Biofilms↗
PubMed2004

The amphidial neuron pair ALD controls the temperature-sensitive choice of alternative developmental pathways in the parasitic nematode, Strongyloides stercoralis.

The parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, has several alternative developmental pathways. Upon exiting the host (humans, other primates and dogs) in faeces, 1st-stage larvae (L1) can enter the direct pathway, in which they moult twice to reach the infective 3rd-stage. Alternatively, if they enter the indirect pathway, they moult 4 times and become free-living adults. The choice of route depends, in part, on environmental cues. In this investigation it was shown that at temperatures below 34 degrees C the larvae enter the indirect pathway and develop to free-living adulthood. Conversely, at temperatures approaching body temperature (34 degrees C and above), that are unfavorable for the survival of free-living stages, larvae develop directly to infectivity. The time-period within the L1's development during which temperature influenced the choice of the pathway depended on the temperature, but, at any given temperature, occurred approximately in the middle of the time-span spent in the L1 stage, which varied inversely with temperature. This critical period was associated with the time-interval in which the number of cells in the genital primordium began to increase, thus providing a morphological marker for the pathway decision in individual worms. Sensing the environment is the function of the amphidial neurons, and therefore we examined the role of individual amphidial neurons in controlling entry into the direct pathway to infectivity. The temperature-sensitive developmental switch is controlled by the neuron pair ALD (which also controls thermotaxis), as seen by the loss of control when these neurons are ablated. Thus, in S. stercoralis a single amphidial neuron pair controls both developmental and behavioural functions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Synthesis and characterization of copper(I) amidinates as precursors for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper metal.

A series of copper(I) amidinates of the general type [(R'NC(R)NR'')Cu](2) (R' and R'' = n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl; R = methyl, n-butyl) have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds are planar dimers, bridged by nearly linear N-Cu-N bonds. Their properties (volatility, low melting point, high thermal stability, and self-limited surface reactivity) are well-suited for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper metal films that are pure, highly conductive, conformal, and strongly adherent to substrates.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Remarkably volatile copper(II) complexes of N,N'-unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diketimines as precursors for Cu metal deposition via CVD or ALD.

To enhance the volatility of the copper precursor in the copper deposition process, it was envisioned that N,N'-unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diketimines should be more volatile than their symmetrically substituted counterparts. A variety of Cu(II) (N,N'-unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diketiminate) complexes have been synthesized and have proven to be much more volatile than their symmetrical counterparts. This makes the new materials particularly attractive to the ALD and CVD processes. Among the new compounds, 8-a and 8-b are sublimable even at room temperature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Decreasing serum VLCFA levels in ageing X-ALD female carriers.

Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked severe demyelinating disease with pathognomonic accumulation of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in tissues and body fluids in affected males. The identification of women heterozygotes is also based on increased serum VLCFA concentrations. We describe the results of measuring serum VLCFA concentrations in 59 females of various ages with heightened risk of carrier status. In female carriers aged 22-50 years we found serum VLCFA concentrations in a range characteristic of heterozygotes; VLCFA levels were normal in female carriers aged 55-64 years. In women aged 37-50 years in whom repeat studies of VLCFA concentration were performed after 5 years, a reduction in VLCFA was observed. The results we obtained point to a reduction of serum VLCFA concentrations as X-ALD heterozygotes age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Rate of heat production related to degree of filament overlap in chick ALD muscle.

The anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) of chicks (2 wk old) was examined for rate of heat liberation when the muscle was reversibly stretched from L0 to about 1.6 L0. The "plateau" forces of isometric tetani were related to the corresponding rates of heat liberation. Presumably, in this region of length change the degree of overlap between the thick and thin filaments is changing. If the amount of overlap is known, the number of heavy meromyosin cross bridges in activity can be estimated. From this information, the amount of liberated energy can be calculated for a single cross-bridge cycling. In all of our measurements, there was heat production even at muscle lengths so great that no filament overlap would have to be assumed. This finding was incorported into the estimate for energy release per cross-bridge cycling.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD): clinical and CT features of a childhood variant.

A variant of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) affected two male cousins. The characteristic features include a progressive frontal lobe syndrome, frontal pole CT hypodensity, abnormal levels of plasma very-long-chain fatty acids, and a family history consistent with X-linked inheritance.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of the development between the satellite cells of ALD and PLD muscles of adult chicken in vitro].

Satellite cells isolated from the anterior (slow) and posterior (fast) latissimus dorsi of adult chick were cultured separately in the absence of neural factors. The cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope every day. The morphological changes of satellite cells, described by other workers, were seen in these cultures. Furthermore, the difference in the time course of development of the satellite cells from different muscles was found. That is, the transformation of the satellite cells of PLD into the myoblasts and the fusion of the latter delayed about 24 h as compared with ALD. The results support the idea that there may be an intrinsic developmental tendency in the myogenic cells of bird, since it proved possible to see the difference of the myogenic cells even in mononuclear phase.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Cyp2e1 and ALD.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the entire nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the attenuated hog cholera vaccine strain GPE- and the wild-type parental strain ALD.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a live attenuated hog cholera virus (HCV) and its progenitor strain. The viral RNA of each strain consisted of 12,298 nucleotides including untranslated regions of 373 and 228 bases at the 5' and 3' end, respectively. There was a single large open reading frame spanning 11,697 nucleotides which could encode a large protein of 3,899 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 438-kDa. We have found 225 nucleotide difference between the two strains, of which six were located in the untranslated region. Four-sixths of these differences resulted in amino acid substitutions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Heterogeneity of the chicken ALD muscle: evidence for a minor, twitch fiber type.

Examination of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the chicken using histochemical, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural techniques revealed the presence of a minor muscle fiber type which was similar but not identical to the fast-twitch fibers of the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle. Heterogeneity of muscle fiber type appeared within the 1st week after hatching.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗