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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Adenocarcinoid tumor of appendix presenting as unilateral Krukenberg tumor.

We report a case of adenocarcinoid tumor of the appendix that presented initially as a unilateral Krukenberg tumor (a signet ring cell mucinous adenocarcinoma with prominent cellular stroma). The primary tumor in the appendix was discovered 10 months later at the time of a "second look" laparotomy. The ovarian metastasis showed both goblet cell elements and tubular formations with numerous argyrophilic cells, indicating that both components of these tumors may metastasize, a finding at variance with the conclusions of some authors who suggest that only the mucinous component may metastasize. Theories of histogenesis of these tumors are discussed, and 12 previously reported cases presenting as Krukenberg tumors (all bilateral) are reviewed. Because the primary tumor in the appendix may be small and easily missed, appendectomy is recommended in all patients with Krukenberg tumors when another primary site cannot be identified at the time of surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Subepithelial neuroendocrine cells and carcinoid tumours of the human small intestine and appendix. A comparative immunohistochemical study with regard to serotonin, neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein reactivity.

A comparative immunocytochemical study was performed of subepithelial neuroendocrine cells of the human small intestine and appendix and carcinoid tumours of these sites, using a monoclonal antibody to serotonin and polyclonal antisera against neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein. Subepithelial neuroendocrine cells were easily identified in the lamina propria of the appendix. These cells, which sometimes occurred in aggregates, displayed serotonin and NSE immunoreactivity and were surrounded by S-100 protein immunoreactive cells, presumably of Schwann cell origin. In the appendix scattered cells with corresponding morphological features and immunoreactivity were also observed deep in the submucosa. In addition, subepithelial neuroendocrine cells were sparsely present in the lamina propria of the small intestine, occurring only as single cells in the deeper part of the mucosa below or between the epithelial crypts. Most appendiceal carcinoid tumours (11 of 12 examined cases) were biphasic and consisted of neuroendocrine tumour cells with intermingled S-100 protein immunoreactive cells (Schwann cells) with long cytoplasmic extensions. However, small intestinal (11 cases) and caecal (10 cases) carcinoids lacked S-100 protein immunoreactive cells as an integral component. The results indicate that the appendiceal carcinoids are mostly closely related structurally to the subepithelial neuroendocrine and Schwann cell aggregates of the lamina propria and are thus presumed to be histogenetically related to this cell system, while the histogenesis of small-intestinal and caecal carcinoids remains less clear.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1988

Synchronous adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon, the gallbladder and the vermiform appendix.

According to the literature synchronous adenocarcinomas of both, the colon and the gallbladder or the colon and the appendix are extremely unusual. To our knowledge the simultaneous occurrence of all three tumors has never been published before. Preoperative diagnosis of early stage tumors of the gallbladder and the vermiform appendix is also made very seldom. The following case report records an instance of synchronous adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder, the transverse colon, in a colonic polyp and the appendix. Owing to the patient's advanced age simultane cancer occurrence may be mere coincidence. Nevertheless, this extremely rare entity could also be ascribed to a genetic defect or an unknown carcinogenic agent.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

CT demonstration of the appendix in asymptomatic adults.

We prospectively examined 103 consecutive adults (67 women, 36 men; mean age: 58.7 years) referred for abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) in whom there was no history of right lower quadrant symptoms or appendectomy. Contiguous 5-mm CT images through the pericecal region were obtained in each subject, once routine scanning was completed. Three radiologists reviewed all CT images and reached a consensus on appendiceal visualization and the quantity of intraperitoneal fat. Statistical methods were applied to the collected data to seek significant associations between a visualized appendix and the following factors: patient age, sex, intraperitoneal fat grade, and the presence of oral contrast in the cecal lumen. The appendix was definitely visualized in only 45 of the 103 patients (43.7%). Analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant correlation between a CT-demonstrated appendix and the four variables examined. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Mucosal hyperplasia (mucocele) of the vermiform appendix. Report of a case.

Mucocele of the vermiform appendix was the term formerly used to describe all mucin-secreting lesions of the appendix. In actuality, there are three distinct clinicopathologic entities based on histologic differences. These are mucosal hyperplasia, cystadenoma, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. Mucosal hyperplasia is usually an incidental finding during laparotomy for an unrelated condition. The case presented herein differed in that the patient had a three-month history of abdominal pain with nothing to suggest the presence of appendicitis, and a 3-cm opacification overlying the right iliac bone on x-ray.

Appendix↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Crohn's disease of the appendix: report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of Crohn's disease of the appendix that simulated a cecal tumor is presented and 27 additional cases are reviewed. Crohn's disease of the appendix most commonly occurs in the younger patient, with 90 per cent in the second and third decades of life. Before operation, appendicitis or an appendiceal abscess is commonly diagnosed. Appendectomy should be performed, if possible; otherwise a limited ileocolectomy should be done. These patients should have a long-term follow-up program because inflammation can develop later in any part of the bowel. Crohn's disease of the appendix should be included in the differential diagnosis of pain or a palpable mass in the right lower quadrant, especially in the young adult patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

A new technique of using the in situ appendix as a catheterizable stoma in continent urinary reservoirs.

A new technique of using the in situ appendix to construct a continent catheterizable stoma is described in a patient who underwent continent urinary diversion, and the technical aspects of this procedure are illustrated in detail. The appendix is remodeled by invaginating its base into the cecum for 1 cm., cecoplicating the middle portion for 2 cm. and bringing the distal end to the skin as a cutaneous stoma. This new technique demonstrates that the in situ appendix can be constructed successfully to provide continence without the need for isolating it from the cecum and implanting the distal end into the urinary reservoir as described in the Mitrofanoff technique.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Crohn's disease isolated to the appendix: truths and fallacies.

Twenty-five cases of Crohn's disease confined to the appendix were reported in eight hospitals in Israel during a 15-year period. Review of the histologic slides confirmed the diagnosis in 22 cases. Re-evaluation of these 22 patients included physical examination and radiologic studies of the small and large bowel. Rectosigmoidoscopy was performed in 16 patients. Signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease at other sites in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur during follow-up periods of two to 15 years (mean, 6.4 years) after appendectomy. This study and a review of the literature indicate that in most cases (93 per cent) Crohn's disease initially limited to the appendix is not a predictor of subsequent involvement of another portion of the bowel. It is concluded that the so-called Crohn's disease isolated to the appendix is a form of chronic granulomatous and follicular appendicitis of unknown etiology that is unrelated nosologically in the majority of the cases to Crohn's disease proper.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix in patients with cystic fibrosis.

This paper presents a study of diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix in patients with cystic fibrosis. The records of two hospitals were reviewed. A total of 39 autopsy specimens and 18 surgical specimens were obtained. Diverticulosis of the appendix was found in 14 per cent (eight of 57) of all appendices. Two of these cases also showed diverticulitis. These results stand in contrast to the incidence of diverticulosis of the appendix in the general population, which has been measured at 1 to 2 per cent in various reviews.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT of the normal appendix.

We conducted a prospective evaluation of the normal vermiform appendix in 203 patients. Conventional CT techniques were utilized with an 8 mm slice thickness and 10 mm slice interval. The normal appendix was definitely identified in 51% of the patients studied. Computed tomographic appearance of the normal appendix is demonstrated, and potential pitfalls are described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1974

Bacterial flora of the appendix fossa in appendicitis and postoperative wound infection.

Bacteria were isolated from 153 (47.5%) swabs of the appendix fossa in 322 patients undergoing appendicectomy. The commonest organism was Bacteroides species found in 78% of specimens. Other Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella, or Enterobacter, and Esch. coli were present in 29 and 27% respectively. Gram-positive cocci were less frequently isolated.A positive culture was obtained more commonly in perforated appendicitis (79%) than where chronic fibrosis, lymphoid hyperplasia, or acute appendicitis was present or when the appendix was normal. Bacteroides was isolated twice as often in perforated appendicitis. The incidence of wound infection was 19% and varied according to the state of the appendix, being 63% in perforated appendicitis and 9.5% where lymphoid hyperplasia was present. Bacteroides was isolated from over 90% of the wound infections. In the patients with perforated appendicitis where effective chemotherapy was given the incidence of wound infection was 15% whereas in untreated or inappropriately treated patients it was over 50%. The isolation of bacteroides requires special precautions to be taken both in the collection of the specimen and laboratory culture. It is important that the chemotherapy of postappendicectomy infections include an antibiotic active against bacteroides.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1976

The normal and abnormal development of the appendix. A radiographic assessment.

Radiographic examinations of the colon in the adult demonstrate a wide variety of contours of the interior cecal segment and appendix. These findings are a result of the normal developmental process of the appendix which can be arbitrarily separated into four stages. Examples of appendiceal development arrested at different stages, as well as variations of the normal adult appendix, are explained and illustrated. Forms of primitive development and lack of development (agenesis) are discussed.

Appendix↗

PubMed1977

Development of the rabbit appendix. I. Electron-microscopic observations.

The progressive lymphoepithelial development of the rabbit appendix was examined by light and electron microscopy. At 5 days postnatally, the appendix wall primitively resembles the mature organ but lacks both the discrete lymphoid organization and most cell types. The dome appears to be the first recipient of lymphoid cells. By 18 days the lymphoid nodule has become compartmentalized and lymphoid. The epithelium, although not fully developed, is in contact with the lymphocytes of the dome. The 5-week-old appendix has all the lymphoepithelial components of the adult but lacks the size of the mature organ. At all ages reported, plasma cells and dendritic cells are absent. Bacteria, thought to be essential to appendical lymphoid development, are not apparent at 5 or 18 days. The features common to central or peripheral lymphoid tissues are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Mucocele of the appendix: imaging findings.

Mucocele of the appendix, a cystic mass resulting from a dilated appendiceal lumen caused by abnormal accumulation of mucus, is a rare entity that often is not considered when problems of the right lower quadrant are assessed. Preoperative recognition of mucocele of the appendix is important because of the possibility of rupture at surgery with development of pseudomyxoma peritonei and to predict malignant transformation. The appearances of mucoceles of the appendix on sonography, CT, and barium studies are illustrated.

Appendix↗

PubMed1979

Right ureteral occlusion due to isolated Crohn's disease of the appendix.

A case of Crohn's disease limited to the vermiform appendix is described. The patient was initially thought to have an appendiceal abscess. The condition was complicated with right ureteral occlusion. Urinary stasis completely ceased after removal of the appendix. Our patient is apparently the first reported case of obstructive uropathy due to isolated Crohn's disease of the appendix.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Arterial vascularization of the vermiform appendix in human fetus.

In 50 human fetuses of the crown-rump length ranging from 88 mm to 185 mm (12 to 20 weeks), the variability of the arterial vascularization of the vermiform appendix was investigated using the injection method. 3 vascularization types were distinguished on the basis of the size and number of the supplying arteries. The obtained results were compared with those reported by other authors who studied vermiform appendix vascularization in adults. In most cases the vermiform appendix is supplied by single ramus arising from ileocolic artery.

Appendix↗

PubMed1991

Motor response to electric spatial stimulation of isolated intact and inflamed human appendix.

The smooth muscle responses to electric stimulation of intact, slightly or severely inflamed, isolated human appendix strips were studied. No changes were noted in the motility of the not inflamed and slightly inflamed appendices, (simple appendicitis), the preparations responded to nervous stimulation with contractions of the same size. The smooth muscle contractions were blocked by atropine, and enhanced by physostigmine, which proves the cholinergic nature of the innervation. The severe inflammation (acute phlegmonous appendicitis) reduced also the contraction and relaxation of the appendix strips. With the advancement of the inflammatory process, the decreased motility of the appendix can play an in vivo role in the rapid progress of the process.

Appendicitis↗

PubMed1991

[Goblet cell carcinoid of the vermiform appendix].

The goblet-cell-carcinoid of the appendix vermiformis lies somewhat between the carcinoid and the adenocarcinoma of the appendix concerning the biological behaviour and the histological characteristics. Referring an own well documented case (76 are well known in the available literature) the importance of the very conscientiously managed histological examination of each appendix specimen is emphasized with regard to the 5-year-survival of 73%.

Appendectomy↗