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PubMedDate not supplied

Can a protracted stay in the tropics permanently lower basal metabolic rates of European expatriates?

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 57 male and female French subjects, aged between 50 to 80 years, all in good health and normally active, was measured. All subjects had been long-term residents of the humid tropics and had returned to France at least one year earlier. Two groups, individuals born in France and those born in the humid tropics, were compared to paired randomized control groups of subjects born in France who had never lived outside France. Despite important inter-individual differences, there was a general trend towards a persistent drop of the BMR in both groups of former residents in the tropics.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Basal metabolic rate in healthy Down's syndrome adults.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured on 2 consecutive days with an open-circuit, indirect calorimeter in 16 healthy subjects with trisomy 21 Down's syndrome (DS) aged 22-35 years and 11 healthy control volunteers aged 20-31 years. BMR measurements did not differ on consecutive days in either the DS or control groups. Absolute BMR, BMR corrected for surface area, and BMR corrected for lean body mass did not differ between the DS subjects and the volunteers. The per cent of predicted BMR also did not differ between the two groups. These results suggest that systems controlling basal metabolism are not affected by extra genomic material from chromosome 21.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Body composition and metabolic changes following bariatric surgery: effects on fat mass, lean mass and basal metabolic rate.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has become the method of choice for weight loss in severely obese patients. While the incidence of obesity and its co-morbidities have been well-documented, less is known about the outcomes of the surgery as it relates to body composition and metabolic changes. METHODS: 19 bariatric surgery patients (14 female, 5 male) were assessed for basal metabolic rate (BMR), percent fat, fat mass, and lean body mass (LBM) just prior to surgery and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model indicated significant changes in all measures of body composition for each time period. Linear regression was developed for each of these measures. Of the 39.7-kg weight loss, 26.4 kg (66.5%) was fat mass loss and 13.3 kg (33.5%) was LBM loss. BMR significantly decreased from pre-surgery (2091 kcals) to 1 month post-surgery (1758 kcals), with no significant changes in subsequent time periods. Repeated measures ANOVA for the ratio of BMR/LBM indicated no significant differences for any comparison of time periods (F=2.29, P=.111), suggesting that there is no adaptation of an energy-conserving mechanism in these patients. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery was highly successful in inducing significant changes in body weight (39.7 kg), fat mass (26.4 kg), % body fat (7.9%) but also lean body mass (13.3 kg). The 440 kcal decrease in BMR, while significant, was not greater than expected due to significant decreases in LBM.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2000

Cardiac output increases independently of basal metabolic rate in early human pregnancy.

Early pregnancy is characterized by the institution of a high-flow low-resistance circulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that these hemodynamic changes develop independently of changes in basal metabolic rate. In 12 healthy women, we determined and calculated once during the follicular phase (day 5 +/- 2) and at 6, 8, 10, and 12 wk of pregnancy the following variables: body weight and length, body mass index, fat-free mass (FFM), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume, cardiac output (CO), total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), resting energy expenditure (REE), FFM REE (REE(FFM)), and respiratory quotient (RQ). At 6 wk of gestational age, HR and CO had increased, whereas MAP and TPVR had decreased. These changes persisted throughout the study period. Meanwhile, REE, REE(FFM), RQ, FFM, and body weight did not change consistently. The changes with pregnancy in hemodynamics did not correlate with those in basal metabolic rate. In early pregnancy, the institution of a high-flow low-resistance circulation develops without a concomitant rise in basal metabolic rate. These findings support the concept that the hemodynamic changes in early pregnancy develop independently of concomitant changes in basal metabolic rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Basal metabolic rate in growing chicks Gallus domesticus.

Basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.) of broilers and Leghorns was measured to assess whether a fundamental change in B.M.R. has occurred in the two types of fowl. A Haldane respirometer was used to quantitate gaseous exchange over variable periods of time. Data were converted to kcal., and covariance analysis was used as a statistical control of the influence of body weight on B.M.R. Measurements were obtained from hatch to 8 weeks of age in both types of poultry. Broilers were found to have a significantly lower B.M.R. from hatch to 500 g. body weight. Above 500 g. body weight, the B.M.R. of the broilers was not found different from Leghorns. After logarithmic transformation, B.M.R. data were regressed on body weight to compute the exponent b for metabolic equations of the form M = aWb where M = metabolic rate, Wb = metabolically effective body weight, a = a constant of proportionality. The b exponent for growing chicks, 40 to 500 g. body weight, was found to be unity (r = 0.98) for both broilers and Leghorns. For growing chicks up to 500 g., it is recommended that a b of 1.0 be used in place of 0.75 for estimating the metabolic rate of chicks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Energy metabolism during male human puberty. II. Use of testicular size in predictive equations for basal metabolic rate.

This study tests the hypothesis that equations to predict basal metabolic rate (BMR) of adolescent boys may be made more accurate by using a measure of pubertal maturity (testicular volume, TV). Eighty-six male volunteers aged 11.8-13.7 years were studied. There was a wide range of pubertal development within the subject group, ranging from mean TV of 3 to 22.5 ml. BMR was found to correlate more highly with TV (r = 0.519) than height (r = 0.425) or age (r = 0.272). BMR predicted using the World Health Organization equations (based on height and weight) were significantly higher than measured BMR in early pubertal boys (TV < or = 4 ml, BMR (measured) = 5.04 +/- 0.17, BMR (predicted) = 6.14 +/- 0.15 MJ/day, p < 0.001, Student's t-test). The results provide evidence that measurement of testicular volume may increase the accuracy of equations for the prediction of BMR of adolescent boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Body composition and metabolic changes following bariatric surgery: effects on fat mass, lean mass and basal metabolic rate: six months to one-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: With the failure of traditional weight loss plans, bariatric surgery has become the treatment of choice for morbid obesity. The primary objective of this study was to track body composition and metabolic changes for 1 year following bariatric surgery. METHODS: 19 bariatric patients (14 female, 5 male) began the study and completed 12 months of testing, which included data collection within 1 week preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. 2 female subjects were lost to the study between 6 months and 1 year, resulting in 17 subjects (12 female, 5 male) completing the entire 12-month follow-up. Variables measured in this study included weight, lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), % body fat and basal metabolic rate (BMR). RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model indicated significant (P<.05) losses for weight, FM, and % fat for all time periods. Significant losses in LBM were observed in all time periods except 6-12 months, where no change in LBM (60.6 vs 61.1 kg) was observed. A significant decrease (P<.05) in BMR (2091 vs 1758) was observed only from pre-surgery to 1 month post-surgery. Thereafter, there was no significant change in BMR (1758 vs 1647 vs 1651 vs 1674) respectively. Changes in LBM were correlated with changes in BMR at both 6-12 months (r=.545, P=.024) and preoperatively to 12 months postoperatively (r=.608, P=.01). There were no significant changes in the BMR/LBM ratio over the 12-month period (28.3 vs 25.0 vs 27.3 vs 27.2 vs 27.4), indicating no adaptation of the body to an energy-conserving mechanism. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery appears to have been highly successful over the 12-month follow-up period, with 50.9 kg weight loss, 38.3 kg (75.2%) FM loss, and 12.6 kg (24.8%) LBM loss. The 417 kcal loss in BMR (2091 to 1674), while significant, was not greater than what would be predicted from loss of LBM.

Adaptation, Physiological↗