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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The dynamic relationship between mu and kappa opioid receptors in body temperature regulation.

Previous studies demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of a kappa opioid receptor agonist decreased, and a mu agonist increased, body temperature (Tb) in rats. A dose-response study with the selective kappa antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) showed that a low dose (1.25 nmol, icv) alone had no effect, although a high dose (25 nmol, icv) increased Tb. It was hypothesized that the hyperthermia induced by nor-BNI was the result of the antagonist blocking the kappa opioid receptor and releasing its inhibition of mu opioid receptor activity. To determine whether the Tb increase caused by nor-BNI was a mu receptor-mediated effect, we administered the selective mu antagonist CTAP (1.25 nmol, icv) 15 min after nor-BNI (25 nmol, icv) and measured rectal Tb in unrestrained rats. CTAP significantly antagonized the Tb increase induced by icv injection of nor-BNI. Injection of 5 or 10 nmol of CTAP alone significantly decreased the Tb, and 1.25 nmol of nor-BNI blocked that effect, indicating that the CTAP-induced hypothermia was kappa-mediated. The findings strongly suggest that mu antagonists, in blocking the basal hyperthermia mediated by mu receptors, can unmask the endogenous kappa receptor-mediated hypothermia, and that there is a tonic balance between mu and kappa opioid receptors that serves as a homeostatic mechanism for maintaining Tb.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of chronic hypercapnia on body temperature regulation.

Guinea pigs and rats exposed to 15% CO2 for 7 days showed a parallel time course of changes in pH, body temperature (TB), and oxygen consumption (VO2). Between 1 and 6 h of exposure the maximal drop in actual pH occurred in guinea pigs simultaneously with the maximal fall in TB and VO2. During the subsequent period pH TB, VO2 rose again. Skin blood content (heat loss) also exhibited a biphasic pH-dependent time course. Animals showing no partial compensation of respiratory acidosis during 3 days exposure also failed in raising their TB back to normal in this time. The behavior of TB was found to be a good indicator of the acid-base status and adaptive potential of the animals to hypercapnia. Similar results were obtained in rats. Thermo-regulatory processes in the hypothalamus were affected during exposure to 15% CO2. Both guinea pigs and rats showed a decrease in norepinephrine content of the hypothalamus during the first part of exposure reaching a maximal fall at the end of 24 h. The serotonin content increased slightly during this period. During prolonged exposure to 3% CO2 for 7 days, TB showed a transient rise, and VO2 was slightly elevated.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Effects of ambient light on body temperature regulation in resting and exercising rats.

We investigated the effects of environmental light and darkness on thermoregulation during both daytime and nighttime by monitoring body temperature (T(b)) and physical activity of rats using a telemetry system. Experiments were performed in both resting and exercising rats. In resting rats, lights-off during the daytime resulted in an increase in both T(b) and activity. Conversely, during the nighttime, T(b) decreased with the lights-on stimulus despite the fact that the activity was left unchanged. Treadmill exercise (10 m/min) always increased T(b) from the basal resting level. In both daytime and nighttime, exercising rats exhibited a persistent T(b)-rise when lights were on. However, in the lights-off condition at nighttime, the T(b) of exercising rats increased to a level significantly higher than that of exercising rats with the lights-on. Our results suggest that light at nighttime causes the suppression of T(b) in both resting and exercising rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Elevation in set point for body temperature regulation after prolonged exercise.

1. In nine healthy men, after prolonged exercise (approximately 37 km walk and 2.5 km ascent and descent in 9 hr) deep body temperature at rest stabilized at a higher level than in the absence of previous exercise.2. The increase, approximately 0.36 degrees C, was recorded at both oral and rectal sites. It persisted while the subjects rested in warm and in cool surroundings, and disappeared about 11 hr after the end of exercise.3. The increase in body temperature after exercise was accompanied by a similar increase in the body temperature at which sweating started during body heating.4. After exercise the subjects' metabolic response to cold air (13.6 degrees C) was normal or increased in spite of the elevation in body temperature.5. Blood glucose concentration was never lower than 3.1 mM during these experiments.6. The temperature changes are most easily explained by mild pyrexia due to the release of endogenous pyrogen associated with minor tissue damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Body temperature regulation in rats during exercise of various intensities at different ambient temperatures.

We examined the relationship between body temperature, tail vasomotor response, and work intensity at different ambient temperatures in rats, using a treadmill and continuously measuring oxygen uptake during exercise. At an ambient temperature (Ta) of 24 degrees C, rectal temperature (Tre) at the beginning of tail vasodilation during exercise increased in proportion to work intensity. After tail vasodilation Tre remained steady, and at the end of 30 min exercise Tre level was proportional to work intensity. At Ta of 14 degrees C, Tre at the end of exercise was slightly higher than at 24 degrees C, and was higher at higher work intensities. At Ta of 4 degrees C, Tre rose slower during exercise than at higher Tas and even dropped at relatively low work intensities. Tail vasodilation did not occur in most cases. At Ta of 34 degrees C, Tre rose continuously during exercise. These data indicate that body temperature of rats during exercise rises in proportion to work intensity, but the extent of body temperature rises differs according to Ta.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Development of body temperature regulation in ostrich chicks.

Information in the literature indicates that young ostrich chicks, despite being precocial, are poor thermoregulators and may take between 8 and 12 weeks to develop efficient homeothermy. We measured the body temperatures (Tb) of young ostrich chicks (1 to 10 d) at ambient temperatures between 13 degrees and 28 degrees C under controlled conditions in the laboratory and under typical farm-rearing conditions to assess their ability to thermoregulate. Even 1-d-old ostriches could maintain a Tb above 36 degrees C at temperatures of 20 degrees C and older chicks maintained typical adult Tb at ambient temperatures of 13 degrees C in a constant temperature room. Chicks from 2-d-old could maintain adult T(b)s outdoors under a wide range of ambient temperatures and weather conditions. We conclude that ostrich chicks have well developed homeothermy soon after hatching and that some of the higher rearing temperatures recommended in the literature are unnecessary. In appropriate climates, chicks can be allowed outdoors soon after hatching provided they are not exposed to unfavourable weather conditions. Thermoregulation is, however, energetically expensive and thermoregulatory behaviour such as huddling may compete with other important activities like feeding.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Dynamic effects of acute cooling in body temperature regulation of the euthermic warm-acclimated golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

During the dynamic phase of external cooling of euthermic golden hamsters in the initial period of metabolic response, peripheral body temperature is the decisive control variable determining the level of metabolic heat production. Under these conditions the rate as well as the magnitude of the peripheral body temperature change constitute the effectual input to the controller of body temperature. The apparent sensitivity with which the regulator drives the metabolic response to unit change of the peripheral temperature is in an inverse relation to the rate of peripheral temperature change. This parameter, despite its limited significance can serve as a working index characterising the thermoregulatory system in different groups of experimental animals of the same species providing that the actual conditions of the experiment are comporting.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1981

[Body temperature and fever--body temperature regulation, indications and possibilities of fever reducing therapy. II. Indications and effects of fever-lowering procedures and fever-reducing drug therapy].

Fever should be treated according to the individual situation. Securing a sufficient fluid intake is the most important primary measure. The decrease of body temperature by physical means is efficient only in combination with drug therapy and presumes the control of blood circulation. Aminophenazon is the most efficient drug to lower fever. Metamizol should be prefered in children at risk for convulsive disorders. The combination of aminophenazon with phenothiazines can be recommended , prothazine is the drug of first choice in suitable cases a caudal treatment of fever with antiphlogistic drugs as diclophenacsodium (Voltaren) is indicated.

Acetaminophen↗