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PubMed1998

Congenital malformations: an inquiry into classification and nomenclature.

In the beginning, as a familiar book recalls, the earth was a formless void. And by separating light from dark, water from sky, life from dust, order came forth. Thus appeared organisation and categorisation. This is to say, classification, since to classify is to make for order and clarity. These are the qualities needed today for the study of congenital malformations and eventual control of their occurrence. What follows is an inquiry into the present state of this desideratum.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1999

Exploration on the characteristics of classification in Huangdi nei jing tai su.

Taishu, a book compiled by Yang Shangshan by imperial order, and completed in the reign of Gaozong of the Tang dynasty is the earliest complete commentary of Neijing now extant as well as early monograph interpreting Neijing by classification. By analysing the text of Taishi, Lingshu, Suwen and Jiayijing, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Yang Shangshan's classified compilation of the classical text. First, the whole text was classifiedly compiled from whole chapters or large paragraphs, with the text from Jiujuan (9 volume) arranged before those from Suwen. Second, deletion of duplicated text. For the duplicated text, those from Juijuan were mostly adopted, with those from Suwen discarded. Third, there are overlapping texts of eight strange channels, indicating the compilors' preference of the theory of channels. Fourth, systematization of Neijing theoretical system by dividing the chapters on the basis of different classes.

China↗
PubMed1999

[The publication of cardiology books in Spain. A bibliometric approach].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We analyze Spanish production of cardiology books published in Spain and put together in the database ISBN between 1988 and 1997. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For every book various things are considered: author, year of publication, ISBN classification, language, place published and publishers were analyzed. RESULTS: There are 565 books analyzed which are classified in the database under 27 different classes. The principal class is "General pathology. Clinical Medicine. Therapeutics", with 346 books. The places in which most books were published was Barcelona (46.90%) and Madrid (38.41%). The publishing houses were the ones which published more books (64.07%). 79.46 per cent of the books were originally written in Spanish, with at 20.54 per cent which were translated into by other languages. The ones that were translated were principally English (78.45%) and German (14.66%). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the tendency observed in other projects and indicate the increase of Spanish publications on cardiology, this is observed over the years. Although, in the years 1996 and 1997 we observe a slight decrease, that we will have to continue analysing with posterior studies to this one; to see if it is an isolated fact or a tendency to the diminution of the production of books published in our country, as a consequence of the evolution of works in other type of supports.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1997

[Spanish bibliographic production on AIDS. Bibliometric approach].

BACKGROUND: We analyze Spanish production of the books published in Spain about AIDS and they are put together in the database ISBN. METHODS: For every book there considered various things: author, year of publication, ISBN classification, language, edition, place publicated and publishers were analyzed. RESULTS: There are 275 books analyzed. Which they are classified in the Data Base under 33 different classes. The principal class is general pathology, clinic medicine and therapeutics with 113 books. The places in which more books where published was Barcelona (39.63%) and Madrid (30.54%). The publishing house were the ones which published more books (44.26%). The 81.81% of the books were written originally by some of the languages of our country, with at 18.18% which were transduced by other languages. The ones that were transduced were principally english (54%) and french (34%). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the tendency observed in other studies and indicate the increase of Spanish publications on AIDS, this is observe after the years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evolution of E.M. Tareev views in the field of nephrology].

An original nephrological scientific conception of E. M. Tareev developed in five stages. Stage one (1917-1929) is a functional-physiological approach to renal pathology. The first book devoted to this problem was "Bright' Disease" (1929). At stage II (1929-1936) E. M. Tareev closely investigated pathogenesis and clinical aspects of renal diseases. His views at that time were reflected in the book "Renal Diseases" (1936). Fundamental, experimental and clinical basis of the nephrological conception was formulated at stage III (1936-1952). At stage IV (1952-1968) E. M. Tareev proposed a new classification of renal diseases presented in the book "Nephritides" (1958). Stage V (1968-1986) was devoted to the integrating role of nephrology. Two books "Fundamentals of Nephrology" (1972) and "Clinical Nephrology" (1983) contributed much to fundamentals of current nephrology.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1993

The new WHO classification of brain tumours.

The new edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) book on 'Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System' reflects the progress in brain tumour classification which has been achieved since publication of the first edition in 1979. Several new tumour entities have been added, including the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, central neurocytoma, the infantile desmoplastic astrocytoma/ganglioglioma, and the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour. The list of histological variants has also been expanded. In line with recent morphological and molecular data on glioma progression, the glioblastoma is now grouped together with astrocytic tumours. The classification of childhood tumours has been largely retained, the diagnosis primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) only being recommended as a generic term for cerebellar medulloblastomas and neoplasms that are histologically indistinguishable from medulloblastoma but located in the CNS at sites other than the cerebellum. The WHO grading scheme was revised and adapted to new entities but its use, as before, remains optional.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Aretaeus on the kidney and urinary tract diseases.

Hippocratic medicine based on rational thought and clinical observation was the first to develop the speciality of nephrology. Five centuries later, Aretaeus of Cappadocia incorporated in his writings the achievements of anatomy and physiology from the flourishing Alexandrian School of Medicine. His work comprises two books on acute and two books on chronic diseases and this classification is extended into the field of treatment. Nephrological diseases are examined according to the above division and healing methods include, in particular, herb therapy.

Egypt, Ancient↗
PubMed1972

Mechanization of Library Procedures in the Medium-Sized Medical Library: XIV. Correlations between National Library of Medicine Classification Numbers and MeSH Headings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of correlation between National Library of Medicine classification numbers and MeSH headings in a body of cataloging which had already been done and then to find out which of two alternative methods of utilizing the correlation would be best.There was a correlation of 44.5% between classification numbers and subject headings in the data base studied, cataloging data covering 8,137 books. The results indicate that a subject heading index showing classification numbers would be the preferred method of utilization, because it would be more accurate than the alternative considered, an arrangement by classification numbers which would be consulted to obtain subject headings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Books on anesthesiology and resuscitation published in Spain. An approach to their study].

INTRODUCTION: Few authors have examined the publication of medical books. Our aim was to analyze the nature of books published in Spain on anesthesiology and recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Books listed by the Spanish ISBN agency were selected if they included anestesi* or reanima* in any field. Duplicates were removed. Multiple editions or references were considered single books, with data for the oldest edition entered into analysis. Multiple volume collections were grouped as complete works. Data analyzed for each book were year of publication, language (of publication and the original), subject (according to ISBN classification) and place of publication. Nine subject classifications were applied: general, recovery, anesthetic techniques, pharmacology, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, veterinary anesthesia, dental anesthesia and miscellaneous. RESULTS: We analyzed 216 books. Years that saw publication of the greatest number of books were 1988 (17), 1993 (16) and 1979 (15), and the five-year period in which the most books were published was 1985 to 1989 (48 books, 22.2%). Most books (114, 52.8%) were originally written in English, Spanish being the second most common original language (58, 26.8%). All books were published in Spanish. The Spanish ISBN classification system identified 11 categories: general diseases/clinical medicine/therapy (161, 74.5%); drugs/pharmacology/physical therapy/toxicology (20, 9.3%); gynecology/obstetrics (9, 4.2%), veterinary medicine (9, 4.2%) and medicine (8, 3.7%). Classification by specific subjects showed a predominance of monographs or treatises on general aspects (42, 19.4%) followed by books on recovery (37, 17.1%), anesthetic techniques (25, 11.6%) and pharmacology (17, 7.9%). Most books were published in Barcelona (142, 65.7%), Madrid (36, 16.7%) or Saragossa (10, 4.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Spanish publication of books on anesthesiology and recovery has increased in recent years. Most books are translations usually from English. Spanish ISBN agency data, although it has limitations, can be useful for locating books published in Spain on anesthesiology and recovery. It would be useful to introduce keywords into the ISBN data base so that books on specific subjects could be classified and retrieved.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1985

The development and classification of anomalies of the limbs in the human.

It is stressed that more detailed and more precise information concerning the human limb is available than is found in even the most recent books on the development of the vertebrate limb. The classifications of limb anomalies are multiplying but are not necessarily becoming better. In addition to continued vigilance concerning possible teratogens, the most valuable approach in the human is the superimposition of genetic data (where they exist) onto a detailed classification based on sound morphology and current principles of anatomical terminology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The intervention of surveillance across classification systems.

PURPOSE: To analyze the intervention of surveillance across nursing classification systems. DATA SOURCES: Published literature and book chapters. DATA SYNTHESIS: Surveillance is a clearly established nursing intervention used in multiple practice settings and in response to many diagnoses. The literature and definitions are divided into surveillance of populations and surveillance of individuals. CONCLUSIONS: General agreement exists on the process of surveillance, but not on whether there is a time element to surveillance. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Research is needed on outcomes of surveillance and best practices established. The similarity in definitions of surveillance may allow comparison of outcomes when the diagnosis and practice setting are the same, regardless of the classification systems.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours: an update based on the new WHO classification.

Tumour classifications have become an integral part of modern oncology and, for pathologists, they provide guidelines which facilitate diagnostic and prognostic reproducibility. In many organ systems and most especially over the past decade or so, the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications have become pre-eminent, partly enabled by the timely publication of new "blue books" which now incorporate detailed text and copious illustrations. The new WHO classification of soft tissue tumours was introduced in late 2002 and, because it represents a broad consensus view, it has gained widespread acceptance. This review summarizes the changes, both major and minor, which were introduced and briefly describes the significant number of tumour types which have been first recognized or properly characterized during the past decade. Arguably the four most significant conceptual advances have been: (i) the formal recognition that morphologically benign lesions (such as cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma) may very rarely metastasize; (ii) the general acceptance that most pleomorphic sarcomas can be meaningfully subclassified and that so-called malignant fibrous histiocytoma is not a definable entity, but instead represents a wastebasket of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, accounting for no more than 5% of adult soft tissue sarcomas; (iii) the acknowledgement that most lesions formerly known as haemangiopericytoma show no evidence of pericytic differentiation and, instead, are fibroblastic in nature and form a morphological continuum with solitary fibrous tumour; and (iv) the increasing appreciation that not only do we not know from which cell type(s) most soft tissue tumours originate (histogenesis) but, for many, we do not recognize their line of differentiation or lineage--hence an increasing number of tumours are placed in the "uncertain differentiation" category.

Humans↗
PubMed1973

A suggested expansion of the NLM classification scheme for dentistry.

The National Library of Medicine Classification is excellent for the shelf arrangement of books in a medical library. However, it is too general for a very specialized dental collection such as ours at Northwestern University Dental School Library. We suggest an expansion of the WU category based on the pattern followed in other areas of the NLM classification. An index for the expanded scheme is included.

Classification↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a Diagnostic Encyclopedia Workstation for ovarian pathology.

The Diagnostic Encyclopedia Workstation (DEW) is a computer system that provides completely integrated pictorial and textual information as reference knowledge in the field of ovarian pathology. The textual component comprises information per diagnosis such as descriptions of macroscopic and microscopic images, clinical signs, and prognosis. In addition, the system offers lists of differential diagnoses and criteria to differentiate among lists of differential diagnoses and criteria to differentiate among them. The present study evaluates to what extent the system influences the diagnostic process in efficiency and outcome. Therefore, two groups of six pathologists each, covering a wide spectrum of experience in ovarian pathology, participated in the evaluation of the DEW. The quality of the resulting diagnoses was statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test with respect to five different viewpoints: classification, morphology, clinical consequences, duration of diagnostic process, and consensus among the participants. The results are discussed and it is concluded that classification and morphology showed better results when books were used. The evaluation experiment was, however, very rigid and negatively biased with respect to the DEW system. Positive aspects of the encyclopedia are the easy access to diagnostic and differential diagnostic information and the large set of illustrations. Insight is acquired with respect to existing bottlenecks and how they may be overcome.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1984

Computer analysis of the student log diary: an aid in the teaching of general practice and family medicine.

At the University of Queensland all medical students in their fifth year rotate through a 2-week attachment to a general practitioner tutor as part of the course in community practice. As a means of learning from this experience each student records information in a log diary on seventy-five consecutive patients seen, and codes it using a code-book developed for the purpose. The International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC) classification is used for coding diagnoses and problems. These data are then computerized and a print-out of frequencies. including mean values, is provided for each student in a group of twenty-eight to thirty. In a teaching session of 2-3 hours held with the group. Results are presented and each variable discussed in turn. Students can easily identify differences between practices, and how data from each practice compare with mean values for the practices visited by the group. Possible reasons for these differences are then discussed. Comparisons are made with similar data accumulated by the Department over 2 1/2 years (amounting to some 42,000 patient encounters), and with other surveys of general practice morbidity. The use of the computer print-out provides an extremely valuable yet comparatively simple method of demonstrating the demography, clinical content and process of general practice.

Australia↗
PubMed1997

[The contributions of Professor Armando Roa to Chilean psychiatry].

Professor Armando Roa had an original conception of the clinical-phenomenological method of investigation in clinical psychiatry, differing from that applied in European clinical studies. Considering that the psychiatrist must rely on clinical facts, the generic features of symptoms must be studied and the way a symptom is lived must be specified. In this way, Professor Roa made five descriptions of normal and pathological anxiety, obsessions, phobias, autism, larvate psychical forms of epilepsy, primitive perception of reference, psychopathy and anorexia nervosa. He created the concepts of communicative and indicative language, destroyed thinking and unwillingness in schizophrenics, notifying language in neurotics and awareness and notion of disease. He also made a new classification of alcoholics. He has published 28 books and 120 articles in journals. He performs outstanding undergraduate teaching and has powerfully influenced contemporary and younger psychiatrists. In summary, he is a prominent Chilean intellectual.

Chile↗