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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The identification of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus lichenformis and Bacillus subtilis strains using the coagglutination reaction].

Polyclonal rabbit antisera against 4 B. cereus strains were selected from a total of 9 B. cereus antisera and pooled. This serum agglutinated all available B. cereus strains (n = 63) at a titre > or = 1:64 when tested by a slide co-agglutination reaction. One hundred and thirty-six Bacillus strains belonging to 17 other species reacted with higher serum concentrations only (titres mainly < or = 1:16). A pooled antiserum comprised of two B. licheniformis antisera and two B. subtilis antisera agglutinated all 43 B. licheniformis strains and all 38 B. subtilis strains at a titre > or = 1:128, but one strain each of the species B. pumilus, B. macerans and B. fastidiosus was also agglutinated at a titre 1:128.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Cloning and Expression of Thermostable alpha-Amylase Gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus in Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis.

The structural gene for a thermostable alpha-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was cloned in plasmids pTB90 and pTB53. It was expressed in both B. stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. B. stearothermophilus carrying the recombinant plasmid produced about fivefold more alpha-amylase (20.9 U/mg of dry cells) than did the wild-type strain of B. stearothermophilus. Some properties of the alpha-amylases that were purified from the transformants of B. stearothermophilus and B. subtilis were examined. No significant differences were observed among the enzyme properties despite the difference in host cells. It was found that the alpha-amylase, with a molecular weight of 53,000, retained about 60% of its activity even after treatment at 80 degrees C for 60 min.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of cryV-type insecticidal protein genes in Bacillus thuringiensis and cloning of cryV-type genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus.

DNA dot blot hybridizations with a cryV-specific probe and a cryI-specific probe were performed to screen 24 Bacillus thuringiensis strains for their cryV-type (lepidopteran- and coleopteran-specific) and cryI-type (lepidopteran-specific) insecticidal crystal protein gene contents, respectively. The cryV-specific probe hybridized to 12 of the B. thuringiensis strains examined. Most of the cryV-positive strains also hybridized to the cryI-specific probe, indicating that the cryV genes are closely related to cryI genes. Two cryV-type genes, cryV1 and cryV465, were cloned from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 and B. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus BP465, respectively, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The CryV1 protein was toxic to Plutella xylostella and Bombyx mori, whereas the CryV465 protein was toxic only to Plutella xylostella.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

[Experiments with Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. II. Study of the potential interspecies fusion of bacterial protoplasts: Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus megaterium].

In the present study the possibility of obtaining interspecific bacterial hybrids by polyethylene glycol-assisted fusion of protoplasts from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bac. megaterium has been examined. Electron microscopic and genetic data allow to confirm with great probability that cytological fusion takes place. However, genetic analysis revealed that neither of methods applied for protoplast fusion gave stable recombinants. Apparently, it is due to the lack of recombination or the death of recombinants that follows the functioning of the cell correction system. The mechanism of protoplast fusion and its most important steps are also studied in the present work.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed2004

Growth promotion of red pepper plug seedlings and the production of gibberellins by Bacillus cereus, Bacillus macroides and Bacillus pumilus.

The growth of red pepper plug seedlings was promoted by Bacillus cereus MJ-1, B. macroides CJ-29, and B. pumilus CJ-69 isolated from the rhizosphere. Gibberellins (GAs), a well-known plant growth-promoting hormone, were detected in the culture broth of their rhizobacteria. Among the GAs, the contents of GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7, physiologically active GAs, were comparatively higher than those of others, suggesting that the growth promoting effect was originated from the GAs. This isthe first report on the production of GA5, GA8, GA34, GA44, and GA53 by bacteria.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2007

Virulent spores of Bacillus anthracis and other Bacillus species deposited on solid surfaces have similar sensitivity to chemical decontaminants.

AIMS: To compare the relative sensitivity of Bacillus anthracis and spores of other Bacillus spp. deposited on different solid surfaces to inactivation by liquid chemical disinfecting agents. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prepared under similar conditions spores from five different virulent and three attenuated strains of B. anthracis, as well as spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus atrophaeus (previously known as Bacillus globigii), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus megaterium. As spore-surface interactions may bias inactivation experiments, we evaluated the relative binding of different spores to carrier materials. The survival of spores deposited on glass, metallic or polymeric surfaces were quantitatively measured by ASTM standard method E-2414-05 which recovers spores from surfaces by increasing stringency. The number of spores inactivated by each decontaminant was similar and generally within 1 log among the 12 different Bacillus strains tested. This similarity among Bacillus strains and species was observed through a range of sporicidal efficacy on spores deposited on painted metal, polymeric rubber or glass. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate that the sensitivity of common simulants (B. atrophaeus and B. subtilis), as well as spores of B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. megaterium, to inactivation by products that contain either: peroxide, chlorine or oxidants is similar to that shown by spores from all eight B. anthracis strains studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The comparative results of the present study suggest that decontamination and sterilization data obtained with simulants can be safely extrapolated to virulent spores of B. anthracis. Thus, valid conclusions on sporicidal efficacy could be drawn from safer and less costly experiments employing non-pathogenic spore simulants.

Alloys↗
PubMed1999

Transfer of Bacillus lentimorbus and Bacillus popilliae to the genus Paenibacillus with emended descriptions of Paenibacillus lentimorbus comb. nov. and Paenibacillus popilliae comb. nov.

Almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences were generated for the type strains of the obligate insect pathogens Bacillus lentimorbus and Bacillus popilliae and a second strain of Bacillus popilliae (NRRL B-4081) received as 'Bacillus popilliae var. melolonthae'. A phylogenetic tree was constructed which grouped these strains into a well defined subcluster within the genus Paenibacillus. Bacillus popilliae NRRL B-4081 occupied an intermediate position between the type strains of Bacillus lentimorbus and Bacillus popilliae but with a marked clustering to the latter. The phylogenetic assignment of these strains to Paenibacillus is in contrast to earlier studies which placed these bacteria in the genus Bacillus, close to Bacillus subtilis. Indeed, the rRNA sequences generated in this study share less than 88% similarity to the deposited sequences for Bacillus popilliae ATCC 14706T and Bacillus lentimorbus ATCC 14707T. The results obtained by using different tree algorithms, bootstrap analysis, branch lengths and verification by signature nucleotide analysis supported the reclassification of these species in the genus Paenibacillus as Paenibacillus lentimorbus comb. nov. and Paenibacillus popilliae comb. nov.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Microbiological efficacy of superheated steam. I. Communication: results with spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus and with spore earth.

For the spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus as well as for spore earth (acc. DIN 58,946 Part 4 of August 1982), the dependence of resistance on the superheating of the steam used to kill germs was determined. A material (glass fibre fleece) was used as the germ carrier which does not superheat on contact with steam. The temperature of the saturated steam was 100 degrees C (B. subtilis) and 120 degrees C (B. stearothermophilus and spore earth). The yardstick for the resistance of the spores or bioindicators was the exposure period of the saturated or superheated steam at which 50% of the treated test objects no longer showed any viable test germs. The spores of Bacillus subtilis were far more sensitive to superheating of steam and reacted far more than the spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus and the germs in the spore earth. When superheating by 4 Kelvin the spores of Bacillus subtilis were approximately 2.5 times more resistant than they were to saturated steam. The resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus and spore earth was only slightly higher up to superheating by 10 Kelvin. The spores of Bacillus subtilis had the highest resistance during superheating by 29 Kelvin; they were 119 times more resistant than they were to saturated steam. The resistance maximum of the spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus was at an superheating by around 22 Kelvin. However, the spores were only 4.1 times more resistant than they were to saturated steam. When using steam to kill germs, we must expect superheated steam. This raises the question whether the spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, with their weaker reaction to the superheating of steam, are suitable as test germs for sterilisation with steam in all cases.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1999

[Expression of secreted guanyl-specific ribonuclease genes from Bacillus intermedius and Bacillus pumilus in Bacillus subtilis cells].

Plasmids with whole genes for ribonucleases from B. intermedius (binase) and B. pumilis (RNase Bp) assembled with the whole gene of barstar, a specific intracellular inhibitor, are constructed. The resultant plasmids pMZ55 and pMZ56 effectively express binase and RNase Bp genes in B. subtilis cells. A medium for maximum expression of RNase genes by recombinant strains is developed. The expression of binase and RNase Bp genes in B. subtilis cells is negatively regulated by exogenic inorganic phosphate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗