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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A program for assessing body image disturbance using adjustable partial image distortion.

Body image disturbance has been one of the most widely studied areas in the literature on eating disorders. Some of the tasks designed to assess it have been used to estimate the sizes of specific parts of the body, whereas others have served to make estimations of overall body size. In recent years, the introduction of innovative computing procedures has allowed the two approaches to be combined and has made their application more straightforward. The program we describe here (Body Image Assessment Software, or BIAS) evaluates body image distortions and body dissatisfaction via the on-screen presentation of a scale image, the different components of which can be modified by the patient. The program was developed using Microsoft Access 2000 and Visual Basic for applications. It can be run on any computer with Windows and Microsoft Access 2000 or Microsoft Access 2000 RunTime, which makes it particularly easy to use and enables direct analysis of the recorded data through the use of applications such as SPSS.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Body image, figure rating, and body mass index of girls enrolled in health, physical education, or athletics classes.

The aim was to examine associations among body-image, figure rating, and Body Mass Index of seventh grade girls who chose health, physical education, or athletics classes. Measurements were taken prior to and following the course. Class choice was significantly related to body-image satisfaction but not to figure rating or Body Mass Index. Research is needed to examine inaccurate self-perception of fatness in underweight girls, whether there is a higher risk for eating disorders for students in athletics and physical education classes, whether the curriculum is effective with students in physical education and athletics, and why girls who chose the health class began with higher body-image satisfaction than those in physical education or athletics, even though their Body Mass Index and figure-rating size did not differ.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS): technical improvement using free breathing, STIR and high resolution 3D display.

PURPOSE: To examine a new way of body diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) using the short TI inversion recovery-echo planar imaging (STIR-EPI) sequence and free breathing scanning (diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression; DWIBS) to obtain three-dimensional displays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1) Apparent contrast-to-noise ratios (AppCNR) between lymph nodes and surrounding fat tissue were compared in three types of DWI with and without breath-holding, with variable lengths of scan time and slice thickness. 2) The STIR-EPI sequence and spin echo-echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) sequence with chemical shift selective (CHESS) pulse were compared in terms of their degree of fat suppression. 3) Eleven patients with neck, chest, and abdominal malignancy were scanned with DWIBS for evaluation of feasibility. Whole body imaging was done in a later stage of the study using the peripheral vascular coil. RESULTS: The AppCNR of 8 mm slice thickness images reconstructed from 4 mm slice thickness source images obtained in a free breathing scan of 430 sec were much better than 9 mm slice thickness breath-hold scans obtained in 25 sec. High resolution multi-planar reformat (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images could be made from the data set of 4 mm slice thickness images. Fat suppression was much better in the STIR-EPI sequence than SE-EPI with CHESS pulse. The feasibility of DWIBS was showed in clinical scans of 11 patients. Whole body images were successfully obtained with adequate fat suppression. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional DWIBS can be obtained with this technique, which may allow us to screen for malignancies in the whole body.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Beyond body image as a trait: the development and validation of the Body Image States Scale.

The need exists for a psychometrically sound measure of individuals' evaluative/affective body image states. In the present investigation with 174 college students, the six-item Body Image States Scale (BISS) was developed and found to be acceptably internally consistent and moderately stable. Evincing its convergent validity, the BISS was appropriately correlated with various trait measures of body image. It was sensitive to reactions in positive versus negative situational contexts. Sex differences reflected those expected from the literature. Construct validity was confirmed by an experiment on persons' differential reactivity to appearance-related information as a function of level of dysfunctional body-image investment. The BISS is a unique and much-needed measure with potential utility in both research and clinical work.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relations among body image, physical attractiveness, and body mass in adolescence.

Body dissatisfaction, a measure of body image, physical attractiveness, and body mass index were assessed in the same 115 participants at ages 13, 15, and 18 years. Sex differences in body dissatisfaction emerged between 13 and 15 years of age and were maintained at 18. Over adolescence, girls increased, while boys decreased, their body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction was weakly related to others' ratings of the adolescents' physical attractiveness and their body mass index. The results support the idea that, overall, adolescents' body image has little to do with how others perceive them, but once developed remains constant through much of adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Preconscious processing of body image cues. Impact on body percept and concept.

OBJECTIVE: There is considerable evidence that body image is an elastic construct, which can be influenced by environmental and internal factors. The present study used a visual subliminal processing paradigm, with the aim of determining the impact of preconscious processing of verbal cues upon body image (percept and concept). METHOD: Forty nonclinical women completed measures of body percept and concept before and after being exposed to very rapid presentations (4 ms) of fatness and thinness cues. RESULTS: The women with relatively unhealthy eating attitudes were influenced by the fatness stimulus, with a worsening of their body percept and concept. In contrast, the women with healthier eating attitudes showed an improvement in their body percept in response to the thinness stimulus. CONCLUSION: The findings support the centrality of body image schemata in eating psychopathology, although there is a need for replication and extension in other groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

FDG-PET for evaluation of recurrent lymph node metastases in patients with surgically resected breast cancer: adding spot images to whole body images.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), spot images were added to whole-body FDG-PET images in a patient with suspected lymph node recurrence of breast cancer. METHODS: FDG-PET spot images were obtained of 44 patients who had undergone surgical resection of breast cancer as were whole-body FDG-PET images. A total of 33 lesions in 19 patients (mean age, 59 years; range, 39-70 years) were diagnosed as lymph node recurrence clinically, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated for whole body images and spot images. Lesions were also scored from 1 (not clear) to 3 (very clear) for both the whole body and spot images. RESULTS: For mediastinal lymph node metastases, the SUVs of the spot images (SUVsp) (mean, 4.0; range, 2.1-6.6) were significantly higher than the SUVs of the whole body images (SUVwb) (mean, 3.3; range, 2.1-5.8). For other lymph node metastases (neck, axilla, etc.), there was no significant difference between SUVwb (2.6; 1.4-6.5) and SUVsp (2.8; 1.6-8.1). CONCLUSIONS: By adding spot images, the evaluation of lymph node metastases became easier. Adding spot images to whole-body FDG-PET may be useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Body-image therapy.

Body image is a complex interplay of factors resulting in a sense of the body perceived by that individual. In eating-disorder clients, there is a distortion between their perceived image of their body and its actuality. This is combined with a sense of dissatisfaction and alienation of mind and body. Cognitive, right-brain, and kinesthetic strategies are described that seek to decrease distortion and dissatisfaction and facilitates individuation-separation and a reintegration of the self. These strategies are both therapeutic and evaluative. Cultural expectations of women have had a profound impact on the proliferation of eating disorders, and they account for the fact that body distortion is found in both normal and eating-disordered women.

Body Image↗
PubMed2006

[Discrepancy between ideal and real body image: does it affect body-dysmorphic disorder symptoms?].

Body dysmorphic symptoms are characterized by a distressing and impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. It is assumed that a discrepancy between ideal and real body image is associated with body dysmorphic disorder symptoms. On the basis of a nationwide survey participants were analysed in terms of their body dysmorphic symptoms and specific aspects of their body image. The ideal and real body image differed significantly in both sexes and in age groups. On closer examination it was apparent that there were different factors for men and women which predicted the occurrence of body dysmorphic symptoms. The results are discussed against the background of existing body ideals and in terms of their gender specific relevance.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Posturographic stabilisation of healthy subjects exposed to full-length mirror image is inversely related to body-image preoccupations.

Affective states, anxiety in particular, have been shown to negatively influence human postural control efficiency as measured by posturographic means, while exposure to a full-length mirror image of one's body exerts a stabilizing effect. We tested the hypothesis that body image concerns and preoccupations would relate negatively to this stabilising effect. Sixty-six healthy students, who screened negative for psychiatric disorders, completed rating scales for anxiety, depression and body image concerns. Posturography recordings of body sway were taken under three conditions: with eyes closed, looking at a vertical bar and looking at a full-length mirror. The Eyes Open/Mirror Stabilometric Quotient [EOMQ=(sway path with eyes closed/sway path looking at the mirror)x100], an index of how much postural control is stabilized by mirror feedback in comparison to the visual vertical bar condition, was significantly inversely related to body image concerns and preoccupations, and to trait anxiety. This finding confirms the impact of emotional factors on human postural control, which warrant further studies. If confirmed in clinical populations characterized by high levels of body image disturbances, e.g. eating disorders, it could lead to developments in the assessment and monitoring of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Mirror exposure for the treatment of body image disturbance.

OBJECTIVE: Body image disturbance is a risk factor for the development and persistence of eating disorders. Limitations of current treatments for body image disturbance prompted the development of a mirror exposure (ME) treatment. METHOD: ME involves deliberate, planned, and systematic exposure to body image. The approach is nonjudgmental, holistic in focus, and mindful of present emotional experience. Complementary behavioral assignments aim to reduce avoidance and excessive checking. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of ME therapy (in a three-session format) compared with a nondirective (ND) therapy for 45 women with extreme weight and shape concerns. RESULTS: ME resulted in significant improvements at termination and follow-up in body checking and avoidance, weight and shape concerns, body dissatisfaction, dieting, depression, and self-esteem. As hypothesized, ME was significantly better than ND on many of the outcome measures. CONCLUSION: ME is an effective treatment for body image disturbance and should be evaluated in the context of treatments for eating disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Patho-physiological analysis on peripheral circulation using thermography as an example of functional body imaging].

The various body imaging systems can be classified into structural body imaging and functional body imaging. Thermography is a typical example of the latter category. Thermography is regarded to mainly represent peripheral circulatory function on hands and feet. We have studied the patho-physiology of peripheral circulation in normal subjects and in patients with diabetic microangiopathy, using the thermography system. Analysis of the cold loading test by thermography revealed that the recovery after cold loading was decreased with aging in healthy subjects. In diabetic patients, recovery after cold loading was apparently lower than in senile healthy subjects on foot. Thermography was also considered as a useful tool for evaluation of the effect of medicines such as PGE1, in a long-term study, as well as single dose test. Furthermore, thermography proved to be the first choice study in serious peripheral circulatory failure such as diabetic gangrene, since it is a non-invasive and non-contact examination.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body image and obesity: effects of gender and weight on perceptual measures of body image.

The purpose of this study was to assess effects of gender and measures of Body Mass Index on estimates of normal body size (NBS), current body size (CBS), and discrepancies between attainable (ABS) and desirable (LTB) sizes. A total of 98 women and 74 men, shown 9 male and 9 female thin-to-heavy figure silhouette drawings, chose one drawing (or between two) indicating NBS-Male, NBS-Female, CBS, ABS, and LTB scores. Discrepancy scores were calculated as ABS-LTB. BMI within-group variances for CBS-Female scores were heterogeneous. Discrepancy scores were significantly different for groups of females. Subjects agreed on judgments of a hypothetical normal male and female figure size; men in BMI groups agreed upon a figure representing their size and felt their desired size was attainable. Normal-weight women could not consistently estimate their size. Obese and very obese females underestimated their size and felt that a desired size was unattainable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1952

BODY image.

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Body Image↗