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PubMed1991

[A case of cat scratch disease complicated by reversible encephalopathy].

We described a eight-year-old girl with encephalopathy due to cat scratch disease. Cat scratch disease is a common cause of benign, self-limited, regional adenopathy seen among young people. Encephalopathy is uncommon but is a serious complication of cat scratch disease. Cat scratch disease with associated encephalopathy was described by Stevens in 1952. Since then there have been reports of only 39 cases in the English literature. As far as we know, this case is the first case in Japan. In cases of a rapidly progressive encephalopathy, the diagnosis of cat scratch disease should be considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Will the real agent of cat-scratch disease please stand up?

Cat-scratch disease has been recognized since 1889 in association with the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. The epidemiologic association with cats was first made in 1931 and further substantiated throughout the years, refining the interaction predominantly to kittens. Putative infectious agents have included numerous species of bacteria, chlamydiae, and viruses. The cultivation of Afipia spp. in the late 1980s appeared to answer the mystery of the identity of the agent. However, even more recent analysis, which has combined traditional microbiology, molecular methods, and additional epidemiology, has demonstrated that Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae is the definitive agent of cat-scratch disease. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of cat-scratch disease and other diseases caused by Bartonella species is incomplete and the spectrum of diseases continues to emerge. We review historic and modern efforts to understand the etiology of cat-scratch disease and related syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Successful treatment of cat-scratch disease with ciprofloxacin.

Cat-scratch disease is usually a benign, self-limited disease. Infection may be asymptomatic but is commonly associated with painful regional lymphadenitis. Occasionally, disease may result in systemic symptoms and dissemination. Five adult patients, aged 24 to 57 years, were diagnosed as having cat-scratch disease, based on a positive history of cat scratches followed by typical symptoms including painful regional lymphadenitis, malaise, and positive cat-scratch skin tests. Diagnostic evaluations revealed no other cause for the lymphadenitis. Three patients had not received prior treatment with antibiotics, and two patients had failed to improve on other antibiotics. All five were treated with oral ciprofloxacin, 500 mg by mouth, twice daily. All patients had dramatic improvement in symptoms within a few days and none has relapsed during follow-up. This is the first report of successful treatment of cat-scratch disease with ciprofloxacin, which appears to be an effective therapy for cat-scratch disease in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Cat scratch disease. Atypical forms].

First described by Robert Debré in 1950, cat scratch disease, usually observed in children and young adults (80% of the case occur in subjects under 18), is the principal cause of chronic benign lymph node enlargement. The Centers for Disease Control at Atlanta currently recognize Afipia felis and Rochalimaea henselae as the causal agents of cat scratch disease. Cats transmit the disease to humans by skin scratches or by licking open wounds. The bacilli can also be transmitted by dogs, monkeys, squirels or inert objects. The contaminating cats are usually young. There is no interhuman transmission. There are several uncommon manifestations of cat scratch disease which may misguide diagnosis. In atypical forms, the positive diagnosis of this benign disease can only be confirmed by serology or molecular biology techniques. In order to reduce the duration of the disease, antibiotic treatment is recommended in forms with systemic involvement and in atypical forms although there has been no proof of efficacy.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗
PubMed2006

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with cat-scratch disease.

AIM: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy images various neoplastic, granulomatous, and auto-immune diseases. Cat-scratch disease in an infectious granulomatous disease usually affecting the lymphnodes. It is not known whether cat-scratch disease provides positive somatostatin receptor scintigrams. PATIENTS, METHODS: Twelve patients with lymphadenitis and suspected cat-scratch disease were investigated by immunofluorescence antibody testing and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Suppurated lymphnodes were extracted or drained and Bartonella henselae specific PCR was then performed. RESULTS: Eleven of 12 patients showed IgG antibodies against B. henselae. SRS showed positive scintigraphic results in 6 of 11 patients with CSD. B. henselae DNA was detected in tissue of lymphnodes from 4 of 5 patients with lymphnode extraction or lymphnode drainage. SRS demonstrated positive scintigrams in all patients with a positive PCR. In one patient with suspected CSD SRS was negative as well as antibody testing. CONCLUSION: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy correlated with positive Bartonella henselae specific PCR tests and positive Bartonella henselae specific antibody tests in patients with CSD.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Oculoglandular disease of parinaud. A manifestation of cat-scratch disease.

Among patients with cat-scratch disease, the oculoglandular form is the most common unusual manifestation. This condition, seen in 14 of 585 patients with the infection encountered in a private pediatric practice over a span of 23 years, belongs in the syndrome of the oculoglandular disease of Parinaud. Most of the 14 patients described were only mildly ill and had but little discomfort. All patients recovered without residuals. Diagnosis is based on four criteria: exposure to a cat, usually an immature one; the presence of a localized granuloma of the eye; the presence of preauricular lymphadenopathy; and a positive skin test to cat-scratch antigen of known potency. Several unusual features, never before described, of oculoglandular disease due to cat-scratch disease are submitted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Cat scratch disease and associated infections].

Cat scratch disease (CSD) was first described in France by Debré et al. in 1950, yet the causative bacterial agent of CSD remained obscure until 1992, when Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) henselae was implicated in CSD by serological and microbiologic studies. B. henselae had been linked initially to bacillary angiomatosis (BA), but also bacillary peliosis, relapsing bacteremia and endocarditis. Cats are healthy carriers of B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae, and can be bacteremic for months to years. Cat to cat transmission of the organism involves the cat flea in absence of direct contact transmission. Present knowledge on the etiology, clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of cat scratch disease/bacillary angiomatosis are presented.

Angiomatosis, Bacillary↗
PubMed2004

[Cat-scratch disease of the parotid gland].

Cat-scratch disease is a mild disease associated with regional lymph node enlargement. We present a case of cat-scratch disease of the parotid gland in 10-year-old girl. She presented with painful parotid mass, after unsuccessful treatment with antibiotics. Computed tomography showed tumour like lesions in parotid gland. Subtotal parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation was performed as neoplastic disease was suspected. Histopathology examination of the sample revealed typical changes for cat-scratch disease. History of continuous contacts with cats was confirmed by the parents. Cat-scratch disease should be taken into account in differential diagnosis of parotid masses, especially in children.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗
PubMed1987

Cat scratch disease. A therapeutic dilemma.

Cat scratch disease, a relatively common infectious disease, is caused by a small gram-negative pleomorphic bacillus. The course of CSD is usually benign and self-limiting and is characterized by tender regional chronic (3 weeks or longer) lymphadenopathy and frequently preceded by a primary skin lesion following cat contact or scratches. Persistence of adenopathy for several months in a generally healthy patient with gradual spontaneous resolution of the enlarged node is the natural course.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Disciform keratatis caused by Bartonella henselae infection: detection of a rare ocular complication of cat-scratch disease with PCR].

BACKGROUND: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a common infectious disease, however its association with a disciforme keratitis is to our knowledge a previously unreported ocular complication. PATIENT: A 65-year old female was treated unsuccessfully with topical antibiotics, acyclovir and corticosteroids for several weeks because of a disciforme keratitis. Repeatedly, microbiological investigations (microscopy and culture) were negative. 16S rDNA-PCR with subsequent DNA-sequencing on material obtained by corneal scrape identified Bartonella henselae. Based on this result we have initiated a treatment with topical cephotaxim and within a short period of time the cornea healed with a paracentral scar. CONCLUSION: 16S rDNA-PCR was very helpful in identifying the intracellular sited bacterium Bartonella henselae as the causative pathogen of an unusual form of disciforme keratitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Isolation of Bartonella henselae DNA from the peripheral blood of a patient with cat scratch disease up to 4 months after the cat scratch injury.

We report the case of a girl with cervical lymphadenitis and a persistent primary lesion of cat scratch disease (CSD). Bartonella henselae DNA was isolated from plasma samples collected 3 and 4 months after the cat scratch, indicating that recurrent and long-term shedding of Bartonella DNA into peripheral blood may occur in typical CSD.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Disseminated hepatic and splenic calcifications following cat-scratch disease.

Patients with cat-scratch disease (CSD) may develop visceral manifestations such as hepatic and splenic granulomas. Normally, the granulomas disappear within 1-5 months. Two previous reports have described the evolution of splenic lesions into small calcifications. We report a case of cat-scratch disease in which long lasting multiple and disseminated hepatic and splenic granulomas evolved into coarse calcifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis.

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) was first described by Debré in 1950, yet the causative bacterial agent of CSD remained obscure until 1992, when Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) henselae was implicated in CSD by serological and microbiological studies. B. henselae had initially been linked to bacillary angiomatosis (BA), a vascular proliferative disease most commonly associated with long-standing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other significant immunosuppression. B. henselae has also been associated with bacillary peliosis, relapsing bacteraemia and endocarditis in humans. Cats are healthy carriers of B. henselae, and can be bacteraemic for months or years. It has recently been demonstrated that B. henselae can be transmitted from cat to cat by the cat flea, but not by direct contact between animals. The author discusses the present state of knowledge on the aetiology, clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis.

Angiomatosis, Bacillary↗