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PubMed1976

Disorders in cerebellar ocular motor control. I. Saccadic overshoot dysmetria. An oculographic, control system and clinico-anatomical analysis.

Photoelectric eye movement recording in 9 patients with cerebellar disorders defined three features of saccadic overshoot dysmetria: (i) saccades were hypermetric and successively diminished in amplitude; (ii) saccadic initiation interval averaged 173 ms: and (iii) eye position was constant during the intersaccadic period. These characteristics indicated that the visually evoked saccades subserving foveation had increased gain, and were modelled by computer simulations using a sampled-data control model with increased feed-forward gain. Eight patients with saccadic overshoot dysmetria had cerebellar neoplasms, vermis-splitting surgical procedures and mid-line cerebellar signs. This clinical evidence suggests that vermian dysfunction is responsible for saccadic overshoot dysmetria. Normally, the cerebellar vermis appears to play an adaptive role by continuously adjusting gain of the direct visual motor pathway. When cerebellar disorder exists, adaptive gain modulation is lost, and, if gain then increases, saccadic overshoot dysmetria is a result.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual cerebellar ganglioglioma with marked cytologic atypia.

Neuronal differentiation is well documented in cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumors but is uncommon in other cerebellar neoplasms. Although rare, gangliogliomas and gangliocytomas have been previously described in the cerebellum. We report a cerebellar ganglioglioma in a 14-year-old boy, which revealed bizzare markedly pleomorphic cells with extremely pronounced nuclear atypia but less than one mitosis per 50 high-power fields and no necrosis. The tumor showed glial as well as neuronal differentiation, with abundant bi- and multinucleated ganglion cells. There were abundant Rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic granular bodies, focal calcification, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. There has been no evidence of tumor recurrence or neurological deterioration 21 years after surgery, although the marked nuclear atypia led to an initial diagnosis of an anaplastic glioma. We stress the need for careful evaluation of cerebellar gliomas in children that show only nuclear atypia or endothelial hyperplasia in the absence of other features of malignancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of the cerebellum.

We report a clinicopathologic case of a pure cerebellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma occurring in a 68-year-old male patient. The occurrence of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma outside the cerebral hemispheres is exceedingly rare. In the cerebellum only five cases have been reported so far, four of which are composite pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-gangliogliomas. This observation reinforces the argument that pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar neoplasms.

Aged↗