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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Soluble CD14 levels in the serum, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various stages of Lyme disease.

Levels of circulating soluble CD14 (sCD14) in patients with various stages of Lyme disease (LD) were examined. Patients with early or untreated late LD had significantly higher levels of sCD14 than did healthy controls (P=.0001 and .0007, respectively); levels returned to normal within 3 months after antibiotic therapy. Patients with persistent posttreatment symptoms of LD had sCD14 levels equivalent to those of healthy controls. Differences in the serum sCD14 levels in patients with various stages of LD are likely to be directly correlated with differences in bacterial burden, suggesting that posttreatment symptoms may not require continued presence of the organism. sCD14 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with any stage of LD were no different from those of control subjects. Levels of synovial fluid sCD14 from patients with Borrelia burgdorferi in their joints were elevated, compared with levels in normal serum, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Immunological and blood--cerebrospinal fluid barrier-dependent changes in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were taken from strain 13 guinea pigs in various stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis using techniques which allowed repeated sampling from the same animal. Samples were assayed for albumin and IgG and the corresponding CSF/plasma quotients evaluated graphically using a method which could discriminate between blood-CSF barrier dysfunction and local IgG synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS). During the disease a 2-3-fold increase in plasma IgG concentration developed and an increase in blood-CSF permeability was noted. Isoelectric focusing revealed an oligoclonal IgG pattern identical in both plasma and CSF. The results provided no evidence for a local production of IgG in the CNS like that which is known to occur in multiple sclerosis.

Albumins↗
PubMed2004

Opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure guides the management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after acoustic neuroma surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of cerebrospinal fluid pressure as a decisional factor for immediate surgical revision in cerebrospinal fluid leakage after acoustic neuroma removal. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Between 1998 and 2001, 220 patients were operated on for acoustic neuroma by different transpetrosal approaches. Among 24 patients (12%) presenting postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, those with meningitis or with hydrocephalus were excluded. Fifteen patients were included in this study. METHODS: Each patient had initial conservative treatment with serial depletive lumbar punctures and cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements associated with oral acetazolamide. Surgical revision was decided on in case of persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. RESULTS: In eight patients with high cerebrospinal fluid pressure (18+/-1.4 cm H2O; range, 14-28 cm H2O), cerebrospinal fluid leak disappeared in 3 days after conservative treatment. Seven other patients required surgical revision for persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Revision surgery was efficient in six patients with low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (8+/-1.3 cm H2O, range, 3-12 cm H2O). In the remaining patient with high cerebrospinal fluid pressure (18 cm H2O), cerebrospinal fluid leakage continued despite surgical revision, requiring lumboperitoneal shunting. CONCLUSION: The cerebrospinal fluid pressure value may be used as a decisional indicator for cerebrospinal fluid leakage treatment after acoustic neuroma surgery. Low cerebrospinal fluid pressure leakage would imply a revision surgery procedure without delay, whereas high cerebrospinal fluid pressure leakage would imply conservative treatment.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1982

Origin, proliferation, and fate of cerebrospinal fluid cells. A review on cerebrospinal fluid cell kinetics.

Four aspects of cytokinetic investigations of cerebrospinal fluid cells were reviewed: the origin of these cells, their ability to divide, their fate, and the alterations occurring under pathologic conditions. Animal experiments and in vitro reactions of human cerebrospinal fluid cells indicated that, under normal and pathologic conditions, blood lymphocytes and blood monocytes are capable of leaving the vascular system inside the subarachnoid space. When these cells are located extravascularily, they seldom divide in the subarachnoid space under normal conditions. Migration via lymphatic pathways is possible, at lest under pathologic conditions. Cell turnover, as a whole, is extremely low under normal conditions. It is markedly altered by meningeal inflammation and meningeal tumor cell dissemination. Diagnostic significance other than morphology cannot yet result from cytokinetic investigations of cerebrospinal fluid cytology; prognostic significance may be possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cerebrospinal fluid flow. III. Pathological cerebrospinal fluid pulsations.

Cardiac- and respiration-related movements of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were investigated by MRI in 71 patients. In most patients with arteriosclerotic occlusive vascular disease CSF pulsations are normal. Decreased pulsatile flow is detectable in those with arteriovenous malformations, intracranial air and following lumbar puncture and withdrawal of CSF. Increased pulsatile flow in the cerebral aqueduct was found in 2 patients with large aneurysms, idiopathic communicating syringomyelia and in most cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). CSF flow in the cervical spinal canal is, however, reduced or normal in NPH, indicating reduction of the unfolding ability of the surface of the brain and/or inhibition of rapid CSF movements in the subarachnoid space over its convexity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Syndrome of cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia following lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

An 11-year-old girl presented with headache of 3 months' duration. There was bilateral disc edema. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 50 cm of water with normal cerebrospinal fluid cytology and biochemistry. She developed severe headache (different and disabling), dizziness, vomiting, and backache on sitting up 6 hours after lumbar puncture, and lying supine relieved all of her symptoms. Intravenous fluids, analgesics, and complete bed rest did not relieve her symptoms over the next 72 hours. She was completely relieved of her symptoms on receiving two tablets of Caffergot containing 200 mg of caffeine and 2 mg of ergotamine 72 hours after lumbar puncture. The symptoms recurred 48 hours later, and a repeat dose of Caffergot was required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done 96 hours after lumbar puncture revealed the entire dura overlying the brain, including the posterior fossa, showing intense enhancement on contrast injection with leak at the lumbar puncture site. Oral caffeine (coffee, three times a day) was advised over 1 week. The patient remained asymptomatic, and a repeat MRI scan after 10 days showed complete clearing of the cerebrospinal fluid leak with no dural enhancement. The syndrome of cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia following lumbar puncture is reported in a girl with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis and therapy of intraperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst in ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunts in patients with hydrocephalus].

Problems of an intraabdominal CSF cyst following ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus are demonstrated in an 8 1/2-month-old female infant. Whereas previously tentative diagnosis was made by plain abdominal x-ray and could be verified by laparotomy only, repeated ultrasound investigations now allow for early recognition of this complication. As it happened in this case, laparotomy was not necessary and mere aspiration of cyst contents via distal catheter followed by insertion of the distal catheter into the right atrium was sufficient. This method is an alternative to transabdominal cyst puncture and conventional surgical cyst resection.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1978

Eosinophilic granulocytes in cerebrospinal fluid: analysis of 94 cerebrospinal fluid specimens and review of the literature.

Eosinophilic granulocytes in the CSF were observed in 94 of approximately 10,000 qualitative cytologic preparations. Those cases of eosinophilia which occurred in the context of a parasitic disease or a puncture-related hemorrhage were excluded. CSF eosinophilia exceeding 1% was found in 57.5% of the cases and 5% in 23.5%. Increased cell counts were observed in 67.7% of the cases; elevated CSF protein values, in 68% to 73%; blood eosinophils, in 10.4%. There was no reason to suspect a relationship between these findings and the number of eosinophils in the CSF.--Fifty-two percent of the cases involved inflammatory diseases of the nervous system; the 18 cases of abacterial inflammation of unknown etiology were particularly striking. In the remaining cases, eosinophils were found in conjunction with cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage, with tumors, and in a relatively high percentage of children (21%). The frequency of occurrence with drained or undrained hydrocephalus was striking. A review of the pathophysiological function of eosinophils indicated that revived or corpuscular antigens were present in all cases of CSF eosinophilia in which an eosinophilic reaction was induced. Nothing can be said at this time, however, concerning the classification of the antigens.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1993

[Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage for prevention of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas].

Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid may complicate surgical procedures of the temporal bone and skull base. This presentation details experience utilizing 7 days lumbar drainage in an attempt to prevent the occurrence of a postoperative CSF fistula. Thirty-nine patients underwent surgery for various intracranial pathologies and were felt to be at high risk for the development of postoperative CSF fistulae. None of the patients was given prophylactic antibiotics. Ten patients developed clinical and laboratory findings consistent with early meningitis and were treated with appropriate antibiotics. Three patients eventually developed a CSF fistula, with two resolving spontaneously and the third requiring a second surgical procedure to repair the dura (again using lumbar drainage postoperatively). Our conclusions suggest that prophylactic placement of a lumbar catheter in high risk patients increases the likelihood of successful dural closure with an acceptable morbidity. Is these patients routine antibiotic coverage is not indicated.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Albumin and immunoglobulin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia.

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 20 patients with Alzheimer's dementia or senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT), 23 with multi-infarct dementia (MID) and 16 controls were assayed for their content of immunoglobulins (Ig) and albumin (Alb). The concentrations of IgG and Alb were used to analyze the blood-CSF barrier function in the respective group. MID patients had significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated plasma IgG levels compared to controls and AD/SDAT patients. CSF concentration of Alb was significantly higher in MID (P less than 0.01) and AD/SDAT (P less than 0.05) patients compared to the controls. Concentration of CSF IgG was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in AD/SDAT patients compared to the MID patients; no significant differences were found when CSF concentrations of IgG of demented patients were compared to controls. These findings may indicate a blood-CSF barrier dysfunction especially in cases with MID with significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated values of transudation. Also these findings indicate a non-specific and/or specific binding of IgG in CNS tissue and/or vessel walls in both forms of dementia on the basis of low IgG ratios compared to proportionally higher Alb ratios. There were no signs of local synthesis of IgG in CNS in either group of demented patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Elevation of taurine in hippocampal extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid of acutely hypoosmotic rats: contribution by influx from blood?

Previous work has demonstrated that there is a selective increase in extracellular taurine in the brain during acute water intoxication. One aim of the present study was to investigate whether plasma taurine contributes to this increase. To this end, the concentrations of taurine, other amino acids, and ethanolamine (EA) were measured in plasma and CSF of urethane-anesthetized rats injected with 150 ml/kg body weight of distilled water. Blood pressure, blood gases, and pH, as well as plasma and CSF osmolality, were also measured. The CSF level of albumin was quantitated to study the function of the blood-CSF barrier. In separate experiments, hippocampal microdialysis was performed to determine the effects of acute plasma hypoosmolality on extracellular amino acids. Finally, the effect of water injection on hippocampal specific gravity and tissue amino acids was assessed. Blood gases and pH were essentially unchanged after water administration. Mean arterial blood pressure increased to peak levels approximately 50 mm Hg above control. Plasma osmolality decreased rapidly, whereas the depression of CSF osmolality was slower and less pronounced. The average volume of the hippocampus increased by 8%. Water injection was accompanied by a 25-fold elevation of taurine in plasma, whereas phosphoethanolamine (PEA) and EA increased moderately. A small fraction of the increase in plasma taurine might derive from blood cells because dilution of blood in vitro led to doubled plasma levels of the amino acid. Taurine, PEA, and EA increased consistently in CSF and hippocampal microdialysates. Plasma hypoosmolality transiently opened the blood-CSF barrier is reflected by augmented CSF concentrations of albumin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alanine↗