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PubMed2006

Fatal septicaemia from Chromobacterium violaceum: case reports and review of the literature.

Chromobacterium violaceum rarely causes infection in humans and its mechanism of pathogenicity is not well understood. Human infection carries a high mortality rate with a fulminating clinical progression. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis, and is based on recovering the organisms from blood cultures or other appropriate specimens. We present three cases of human infection managed in a tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong with a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Case report and review of Chromobacterium sepsis--a gram-negative sepsis mimicking melioidosis.

Chromobacterium violaceum has recently been recognised as a pathogen which can cause life-threatening disease. It is the only Chromobacterium species which is pathogenic to humans. Due to its unfamiliarity, clinicians often do not appreciate its importance when it is isolated in sterile cultures and may dismiss it as a "containment". It is therefore important for us to be aware of this infection and its clinical spectrum since it is a disease of the tropics. We report a paediatric case of documented Chromobacterium sepsis in Singapore who presented like septicaemic melioidosis associated with diminished T-cell numbers. A review of both fatal and non-fatal Chromobacterium, infections is also included.

Child↗
PubMed1981

The laboratory diagnosis of opportunistic infections caused by uncommon bacteria in Papua New Guinea.

Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Chromobacterium violaceum and Listeria monocytogenes are opportunistic pathogens of man and are occasional but important causes of infections in neonates, infants and adults in Papua New Guinea. Mortality is high. Flavobacterium meningosepticum should be suspected when a weak indole producing oxidase positive Gram-negative bacillus producing a discrete yellow non-diffusing pigment at room temperature and showing a resistant antibiotic sensitivity pattern is isolated from the blood and/or C.S.F. of a neonate. Chromobacterium violaceum can be presumptively identified if a Gram-negative bacillus producing an intense non-diffusing violet pigment is cultured, commonly in associated with multiple abscess formation in the host. The isolation of a slender Gram-positive bacillus from C.S.F. or blood which produces catalase and acetylmethylcarbinol is consistent with Listeria monocytogenes. This organism forms discretely beta haemolytic colonies on blood agar and attacks the carbohydrates salicin and trehalose.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

Pathogenicity of nonpigmented cultures of Chromobacterium violaceum.

Nonpigmented cultures of Chromobacterium violaceum have been found to be similar to pigmented cultures in their virulence for mice and the pathology of their infections. Clinicians and microbiologists should be prepared to consider nonpigmented C. violaceum in their differential diagnoses of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. The laboratorian who is not aware of this possibility is likely to erroneously identify nonpigmented strains of C. violaceum as members of closely associated genera, particularly Aeromonas. It is known that violet pigmentation is not an essential feature or an exclusive character of the genus Chromobacterium. This study has also shown that pigmentation of C. violaceum is not related to its pathogenicity or to the pathology of its infections.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed2005

Chromobacterium violaceum in siblings, Brazil.

Chromobacterium violaceum, a saprophyte bacterium found commonly in soil and water in tropical and subtropical climates, is a rare cause of severe, often fatal, human disease. We report 1 confirmed and 2 suspected cases of C. violaceum septicemia, with 2 fatalities, in siblings after recreational exposure in northeastern Brazil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Chromobacterium violaceum in tropical northern Australia.

Chromobacterium violaceum is an unusual cause of infection which may have fatality rates of over 60% when systemic illness occurs. We describe four patients infected with this organism who were successfully treated at Royal Darwin Hospital between 1991 and 1996. In tropical Australia, C. violaceum infection should be considered along with melioidosis in patients who present with a septic illness with skin lesions and/or organ abscesses after exposure to soil in the wet season.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

beta-Lactamase activity in Chromobacterium violaceum.

A strain of Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from a fatally infected patient was found to produce a beta-lactamase. When the organism was grown in drug-free medium, beta-lactamase activity was barely detectable, but when it was grown in the presence of penicillin G, a much larger amount of activity was produced. The beta lactamase was active primarily against cephalosporins; it was sensitive to inhibition by cloxacillin but resistant to p-chloromercuribenzoate. Thus this enzyme closely resembled the common type of beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The organism was relatively susceptible to ticarcillin, carbenicillin, and cefoxitin, which resected hydrolysis by its beta-lactamase, but was quite resistant to 11 other beta-lactam antibiotics. Production of the beta-lactamase appeared to be mediated by chromosomal genes.

Cefoxitin↗