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PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphangitic chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis (CM), a chronic subcutaneous mycosis, is caused by several dematiaceous fungi, the most common being Fonsecaea pedrosoi. It usually occurs in the lower extremities following traumatic implantation of the organisms. We are reporting a case of chromoblastomycosis on the right lower limb in a sporotrichoid pattern caused by F. pedrosoi. The pattern was probably due to lymphatic spread that seems to be one of the rare presentations. The histopathology showed typical muriform or medlar bodies both intracellularly and extracellularly within the granuloma. Culture revealed sporulating organisms (Cladosporium and Rhinocladiella type) by a combination method, characteristic of F. pedrosoi. Our case responded well to itraconazole.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Forty years of chromoblastomycosis in Madagascar: a review.

Confirmed cases of chromoblastomycosis in Madagascar from 1955 through 1994 were studied retrospectively. The total number of cases reported was 1,343, of which 98.5% were confirmed by histopathology. Only 30.8% of the cases showed a positive cultivation on mycologic media, and Fonsecaea pedrosoi was identified from 61.8% of the fungal strains. Two distinct areas of endemic chromoblastomycosis, each with a characteristic ecosystem and a single species, are identified. Madagascar represents the most important focus of this fungal disease described to date in the world.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1995

Chromoblastomycosis. A fungal infection primarily observed in the lower extremity.

Chromoblastomycosis is a cutaneous-subcutaneous fungal infection that is being seen more frequently in patients living in the US. The disease normally occurs in patients living in tropical and subtropical regions, but as the number of immigrants into the US increases, podiatrists must be able to recognize the manifestations of chromoblastomycosis. The most common sight involved is the lower extremity where it easily can be confused with other diseases such as tertiary syphilis, phaeohyphomycosis, and cutaneous tuberculosis, among others. Small lesions should be excised, while antifungal drugs, such as itraconazole, should be used when more tissue is involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Infections caused by dematiaceous fungi: chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis.

Because of the increased incidence of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi, it is important to clearly define the conceptual basis for the clinical nomenclature for infections caused by these fungi. When considering dematiaceous fungal infections, there is a continuum of diseases that can be separated into the three categories of chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and mycetoma. The diseases chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis are compared and contrasted in this chapter.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1988

Chromoblastomycosis in a residual patch of leprosy.

A middle aged male who had adequate dapsone monotherapy for borderline tuberculoid leprosy developed chromoblastomycosis within the residual analgesic patch during the post-treatment follow up period. Cladosporium carrionii, the causative fungus was isolated from culture in Sabouraud's agar. There was prompt therapeutic response to oral ketoconazole. The possible factors for development of chromoblastomycosis in this patient are discussed.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1988

Phaeomycotic cyst (chromoblastomycosis) of the neck.

An unusual fungal infection of the neck caused by Phialophora verrucosa (chromoblastomycosis) is presented. The patient acquired this fungus by cutting his chin on a wooden floor. Surgical and medical therapy of this unusual disease is discussed.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1988

Detection of circulating antibodies in patients affected by chromoblastomycosis by Cladosporium carrionii using double immunodiffusion.

The antibodies in sera of patients affected by Chromoblastomycosis are detected using the technique of double immunodiffusion and the mycelial somatic antigens and the culture filtrates antigens of Cladosporium carrionii. From the 13 sera tested 8 have given positive results. The fresh serum from a patient under treatment gives 2 bands, while fresh serum from a non-treated patient gives 3 bands. The titre of antibodies was also determined for the two fresh sera, having found 1/4 for the patient under treatment and 1/32 for the non-treated one.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Chromoblastomycosis in Malaysia.

Nine cases of histologically diagnosed chromoblastomycosis are reported from Malaysia. All the patients were males and ranged in age from 56 to 65 years. The duration of symptoms varied from 5 months to 13 years. All the lesions were noted in the lower limbs. Malignancy was suspected clinically in 5 cases. The diagnosis was established by finding characteristic brown muriform cells in the tissue sections.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1985

Chromoblastomycosis of the maxillary sinus.

We describe a rare case of chromoblastomycosis of the maxillary sinus. Biopsy specimens from the sinus have characteristic features under light microscopy. The prognosis after appropriate treatment is good and involved surgical excision for primary-stage infection and chemotherapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine for advanced-stage disease. The clinical possibility of severe fungal infection in the head and neck region is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cellular immune response of patients with chromoblastomycosis undergoing antifungal therapy.

One of the most characteristic features of the chromoblastomycosis is its unresponsiveness to treatment. In order to analyzed whether during therapy could be observed a change of cellular immune response pattern, we evaluated the production of IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, as well as proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from patients in different periods of chemotherapy treatment. Our results showed that after 6 months of treatment cells from patients proliferated to fungal antigens and produced a significant level of IFN-gamma. However, after 1 year of treatment a low proliferation of T cells and production of IFN-gamma accompanied by an increase of IL-10 were observed when compared with 6 months of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Primary chromoblastomycosis of the medulla oblongata: complication of heroin addiction.

A 20-year-old male heroin addict had a sudden onset of progressive medullary dysfunction and died within 12 days. Postmortem examination disclosed mycotic granulomas due to primary chromoblastomycosis strictly limited to the medulla oblongata and adjacent leptomeninges. Similar lesions were absent outside the central nervous system. Such pathologic lesions related to narcotic addiction have not been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis: new concepts, diagnosis, and mycology.

The nomenclature for the mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi should represent the combined clinical, pathologic, and mycologic relationships exhibited in the diseases. Chromoblastomycosis encompasses chronic, localized infections of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues that contain sclerotic bodies and histologically show hyperkeratotic pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with keratolytic microabscess formation in the epidermis. In contrast, phaeohyphomycosis is a collective term for a heterogeneous group of mycotic infections that contain dematiaceous yeastlike cells, pseudohyphae-like elements, hyphae, or any combination of these forms in tissue. The terms superficial, cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, and systemic phaeohyphomycosis are proposed for the major categories of phaeohyphomycosis. The term chromomycosis is rejected for mycoses caused by the dematiaceous fungi.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis with topical heat therapy.

Four female patients with chromoblastomycosis were completely cured by prolonged topical application of tolerable heat from pocket warmers. The lesions involuted after 2, 3, and 6 months, respectively, in three patients who faithfully followed our strict treatment schedule, in contrast to the fourth patient who performed the topical heat therapy in an irregular manner at home over a 12-month period. In vitro studies showed that the mature colonies of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, isolated from three of the patients, withstood persistent heating at 42.5 degrees C for more than 1 month. This suggested that heat killing of the causative organisms is unlikely to have been the sole reason for the effectiveness of this simple therapeutic modality.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical study of type I collagen turn-over and of matrix metalloproteinases in chromoblastomycosis before and after treatment by terbinafine.

The distribution of type I collagen, the major component of human dermis, was characterized by immunohistochemistry in skin lesions of chromoblastomycosis, a chronic cutaneous mycosis, before and after a specific antifungal treatment with terbinafine to study the changes induced in the lesions by the treatment. Newly synthesized type I collagen was studied with an antibody directed against the aminoterminal propeptide of the molecule (PINP), whereas mature, cross-linked type I collagen was detected with an antibody against the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). The isopeptide N epsilon gamma-glutamyl lysine (N epsilon gamma GL), synthesized by transglutaminase and able to cross-link several components of the extracellular matrix, has also been investigated with two monoclonal antibodies to determine if it is involved in the stabilisation of the fibrotic cutaneous lesions. The degradative process involved in the remodelling has also been assessed by immunohistochemistry with anti-metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and MMP-9) and anti-tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) antibodies. All tissue macrophages stained for CD68 and MMP-9, but not for MMP-1, while the polymorphonuclear neutrophils had an elastase and a weak MMP-9 phenotype. The fibroblasts of fibrotic areas stained constantly for N epsilon gamma GL and PINP. The immunostaining of extracellular matrix for ICTP and N epsilon gamma GL, and the number of PINP-positive fibroblasts, decreased significantly after one year of antifungal treatment. Terbinafine treatment decreases the synthesis of type I collagen and leads to a partial reversal of the cutaneous fibrotic lesions, independently of the cure of the fungal infection.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1996

Chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic cutaneous infection due to several varieties of pigmented fungi. Diagnosis is straightforward and based on clinical and microscopic findings. Despite the protracted course of the disease, dissemination of the infection is rare. New insights into the pathophysiology may permit a closer appreciation of the clinical course. Treatment in advanced cases is difficult and frequently requires extensive surgery or lengthy therapy with physical or medical approaches.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromoblastomycosis: a retrospective study of 325 cases on Amazonic Region (Brazil).

A retrospective study of 325 cases of chromoblastomycosis diagnosed in the last 55 years in the Amazon region was carried out by the main Mycology services of the state of Pará, Brazil (Department of Tropical Pathology--UFPA and Mycology Department of the Evandro Chagas Institute/FNS). The data obtained showed that: (a) the main age group affected by the diseases range from 41 to 70 years-old, (b) 86.1% of the patients were agricultural-workers, (c) 93.2% of them were males and (d) 80.7% showed lesions on the lower limbs (feet and legs). The diagnosis of 62% of the cases was confirmed by laboratory studies considering the tissue form in histopathological analysis. In 24% of patients (78 cases), the etiological agent was isolated and identified through culture. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was present in 77 cases and Phialophora verucosa in only one case.

Adolescent↗