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PubMed1990

Development of diagnostic checklists for use in routine clinical care. A guideline designed to assess DSM-III-R diagnoses.

To enhance diagnostic assessment in routine clinical care, the Munich Diagnostic Checklists have been developed for a systematic criteria-related evaluation of the most common psychiatric disorders according to DSM-III-R. Design, concept, and areas of application of the instrument are described. An initial test-retest study showed that satisfactory to excellent diagnostic agreement can be reached.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Behavior patterns in nonreferred children: replication of the factor structure of the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist.

This study provided normative data with regard to the behavior classification system based on the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) with a sample of 120 nonreferred children. The factor structure of the MCBC replicated with a high degree of congruence. Application of the MCBC behavior classification system provided information on the frequency of problem patterns and problem-free patterns by nonreferred children. Variability in MCBC factor scores and behavior patterns was examined as a function of demographic parameters of gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist behavioral classification system: a construct validity study with nonreferred children.

This study provides validity information about the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) classifications system with nonreferred children. MCBC behavior patterns of 41 children were related to DSM-III symptomatology ascertained through a structured clinical interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, conducted with the mother. The findings indicated that considering the Undifferentiated Disturbance pattern as an indicator of poor adjustment may be unwarranted with nonreferred children.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Assessment of validity and clinical application of an Italian version of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist.

An Italian version of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) has been validated in a sample of 147 healthy women and 61 breast cancer outpatients. The structure of the RSCL has been analysed by factor analysis reproducing results of the English version, and the psychological and physical subscales showed a good internal reliability (Chronbach's alpha 0.91; 0.87). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire and the RSCL were compared in the healthy women sample. A Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.74 (p < 0.01) was found between the trait anxiety and RSCL psychological scores. Psychological (mean: 17.5; SD: +/- 5.4) and physical (mean: 37.8; SD: +/- 8.6) subscale scores were correlated in healthy women (PCC: 0.68; p < 0.01) and related to a general wellbeing item (PCC: 0.44; p < 0.01). The breast cancer outpatients showed scores for psychological and physical subscales similar to those in the healthy women sample. The Italian version of the RSCL seems comparable to the English version and could be useful in clinical research. Its use in longitudinal studies should be tested.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Cluster analysis of child behavior checklists of 6 to 11-year-old males with varying degrees of behavior disorders.

Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist ratings were collected on boys aged 6 to 11 years screened as not having significant behavior problems, as clinic-referred boys, and as boys diagnosed as having Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder alone or together with Oppositional-Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder. Cluster analysis resulted in a classification system related to DSM-III-R classification of the boys and parent self-report of mildly antisocial acts. Clusters also enhanced the ability of the instrument to detect Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and disruptive behavior disorders.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed1989

The Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist revisited: reliability and validity in a chronic pain population.

A psychometric evaluation of the SUNYA Revision of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist (PSC) was conducted with 405 chronic pain patients who completed the PSC as part of a diagnostic battery. Several properties of the measure were examined, including its reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity, and factor structure. Contrary to a previous study, the measure demonstrated a modest reliability, a poor discriminant validity, and a multifactor structure that accounted for only a small proportion of the variance in the measure. Thus, the PSC did not appear to be an adequate measure of general psychosomatic distress when used with chronic pain patients. For these patients, the PSC may measure symptom clusters rather than general psychosomatic symptomatology. Since the PSC is used in various clinical populations, the results underscore the importance of investigating the properties of the measure in these populations.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The utility of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist among hospitalized patients.

We examined the utility of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist in an inpatient medical setting with particular emphasis on the putative ability of the PSC to discriminate psychosomatic from nonpsychosomatic patients. First, 80 hospitalized psychosomatic patients were compared to 80 hospitalized medical patients on the PSC. Second, a sample of 187 psychosomatic patients was studied to examine the relationship among psychosomatic distress, depression, and functional impairment. The results indicate that while psychosomatic patients scored significantly higher than comparable medical patients on the PSC, discriminant analyses indicate that the PSC is not able to identify psychosomatic patients in an inpatient medical setting. Factor analyses and correlations show that the PSC is positively related to increased depression and decreased functional status. Results are interpreted in light of current psychosomatic theory.

Depression↗

PubMed1988

Empirically derived Symptom Checklist 90 subgroups of chronic pain patients: a cluster analysis.

Four hundred fifty-three chronic pain patients completed a Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and a comprehensive pain evaluation questionnaire. All patients were evaluated by a physician and rated on degree of pain pathology and pain behavior. The SCL-90 data were analyzed using two clustering procedures and replicated over two similar samples. Three distinct profiles emerged and represented high, medium, and low scores on the SCL-90. No differences were found between subgroups on demographic characteristics, compensation status, pain duration, or pain ratings. Patients in the high-profile subgroup showed the most emotional distress, reported that their pain interfered the most with all activities, and were most often judged to have high pain behavior. Little evidence was found to support a "denial" profile, as previously predicted. Further support was found for using the SCL-90 in assessing chronic pain patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1988

The mediating effect of age on the relationship between Child Behavior Checklist hyperactivity scores and neuropsychological test performance.

The relationship between hyperactivity and neuropsychological test performance at different age levels was examined. It was found that for young children (6 to 8 years of age, n = 90), there was no significant association between hyperactivity/attentional problems (as measured by the Hyperactivity scale of the Child Behavior Checklist) and performance on neuropsychological tasks thought to contain an attentional component (WISC-R Coding, Arithmetic, and Digit Span; WRAT Arithmetic; and the Benton Visual Retention Test). However, for older children (9 to 12 years of age, n = 92), there were significant and large negative correlations between CBC Hyperactivity scores and Coding, WRAT Arithmetic, and Benton VRT scores. Multiple regression analyses supported the above results (for Coding and WRAT Arithmetic), indicating that hyperactivity/inattention has a particularly deleterious effect on test performance (relative to same-age peers) as age increases.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

The adolescent activities checklist: reliability, standardization data, and factorial validity.

This study was conducted to provide standardization data and information on the reliability and factorial validity of the recently developed Adolescent Activities Checklist (AAC). A total of 563 adolescents in grades 7 through 12 served as subjects. Significant main effects for gender, race, and grade were obtained in a multivariate analysis of variance. On the basis of this information, standardization data were established for these three variables. Further investigation indicated that the internal consistency of the AAC was high. In addition, results of a principal components analysis conducted on the frequencies of the Unpleasant and Pleasant Activities subscales revealed four and three factors, respectively. For unpleasant activities, the major dimensions were found to occur in three situations--namely, social interactions, family situations, and school situations. Stressful events also occurred as one of the four unpleasant activities dimensions. For pleasant activities, three dimensions appeared: heterosocial behavior, reinforcing interpersonal situations, and social reinforcement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Discriminators of clinically defined emotional maladjustment. Predictive validity of the Behavior Problem Checklist and Devereux scales.

From a population of 130 boys between 7 and 14 years of age who had been clinically diagnosed as aggressive, hyperactive, or withdrawn, 32, 31, and 32 Ss, respectively, were randomly selected. All Ss were rated on the Behavior Problem Checklist (BPC) and the Devereux Elementary School Behavior rating scales (DESB) during the 1971-72 academic year. A descriptive intercorrelation matrix was generated for the 4 BPC scales and the 14 DESB scales. Three stepwise discriminant analyses were run: (a) BPC scales only, (b) DESB scales only, and (c) BPC and DESB scales combined. In terms of statistical and practical considerations, the four BPC subscales by themselves attained the optimal predictive accuracy (65%, or 62 of 95 children correctly identified).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The internal consistency and concurrent validity of a Spanish translation of the Child Behavior Checklist.

The Child Behavior Checklist's applicability to a Hispanic sample was assessed by an examination of the instrument's internal consistency and concurrent validity. The CBCL and TRF were administered to a community sample representative of children of Puerto Rico aged 4 to 16. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of empirically derived scales. The relation of CBCL and TRF scores to clinical diagnosis, adaptive functioning, and need for services served as indicators of the concurrent validity of the instrument's Spanish version. The results indicate that the total behavior problem scores on the instruments are good continuous measures of maladjustment for children in Puerto Rico. A child with high values on the scales has a high probability of being classified as a case by a psychiatrist. High levels of internal consistency were found in most subscales. Only scales comprising low prevalence problems showed poor internal consistency.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The Revised Behavior Problem Checklist and severely emotionally disturbed adolescents: relationship to intelligence, academic achievement, and sociometric ratings.

This study explored the relationship among the subscales of the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist and intelligence, academic achievement, and sociometric ratings for a sample of 62 severely emotionally disturbed adolescents enrolled in a special school. A relationship of the Attention Problems-Immaturity subscale with intelligence scores and mathematics achievement was found. Four of six subscales were found to be related to peer sociometric ratings of social acceptance, while only one subscale was related to sociometric ratings of peer acceptance of his/her classmates. These findings are discussed within the context of previous research.

Achievement↗

PubMed1975

Relationships of children's grade in school, sex, and social class to teachers' ratings on the behavior problem checklist.

The present study investigated the relationships of children's grade in school, sex, and social class to teachers' ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist (BPCL). The sample consisted of 1,999 white children from kindergarten through fifth grade who were in regular classes. Three conclusions may be drawn from the study. The first is that grade and the interactions of grade with sex and social class are determinants of scores on the BPCL, but that no particular trends are characteristic of the relationships between these and the dependent variables. The second is that sex and social class are also determinants of scores on the BPCL, with boys and children from the lower social classes having more problems and girls and children from the higher social classes having fewer problems. The third is that the differences between schools and between teachers are responsible for more of the variance on the BPCL than grade, sex, and social class.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Factor validity and norms for the aberrant behavior checklist in a community sample of children with mental retardation.

The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) is a 58-item rating scale that was developed primarily to measure the effects of pharmacological intervention in individuals living in residential facilities. This study investigated the use of the ABC in a sample of community children with mental retardation. Teacher ratings on the ABC were collected on 666 students attending special classes. The data were factor analyzed and compared with other studies using the ABC. In addition, subscales were analyzed as a function of age, sex, and classroom placement, and preliminary norms were derived. A four-factor solution of the ABC was obtained. Congruence between the four derived factors and corresponding factors from the original ABC was high (congruence coefficients ranged between .87 and .96). Classroom placement and age had significant effects on subscale scores, whereas sex failed to affect ratings. The current results are sufficiently close to the original factor solution that the original scoring method can be used with community samples, although further studies are needed to look at this in more detail.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

The Aberrant Behavior Checklist with children and adolescents with dual diagnosis.

The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC; Aman, Singh, Stewart, & Field, 1985a, 1985b) is a 58-item third-party informant rating scale originally developed for institutionalized, low-functioning adolescents and adults. The present study investigated the appropriateness of the scale for youngsters with dual diagnosis of mental retardation and psychiatric disturbance. Over a period of 2 1/2 years, 204 patients (199 after data reduction) from a child psychiatry unit were rated twice daily by direct care staff. Data analysis addressed internal consistency, interrater reliability, criterion validity, and robustness of the factor structure. Internal consistency was satisfactory with alpha coefficients ranging from .82 to .94. Interrater reliability varied between subscales but was relatively low (Pearson correlations between .39 to .61). In terms of its criterion validity, the ABC was sensitive to psychiatric diagnoses and age and the original 5-factor structure was robust (congruence coefficients ranged between .80 to .89). Yet, only a relatively small proportion of the variance (31.5%) was explained by factor analysis indicating possible limitations of the ABC for this population. Given the paucity of assessment instruments for this particular population and the difficulty involved in developing new population-specific instruments, the ABC can be recommended for children and adolescents with dual diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

A preliminary comparison of healthy elderly and young adults on the SUNYA Revision of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist.

Elderly (n = 30) and young (n = 30) subjects, equated in terms of general physical health, education and depression, were compared in terms of Total, Frequency and Intensity scores on the psychosomatic symptom checklist (PSC). Elderly subjects scored significantly lower than young subjects for both PSC Total and PSC Intensity scores. These results call into question the practice of aggregating PSC data from age heterogeneous samples and indicate the importance of reporting all three PSC scores.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Parent-child agreement on children's behaviours reported by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL).

The authors examined agreement between parent and child ratings on the Child Behaviour Checklist in a sample of 1299 referred adolescents over a period of three years. Correlations ranged between 0.72 and 0.08 (mean = 0.28), while agreement using kappa was similar but slightly lower (mean = 0.24; range 0.71-0.07). Agreement on externalizing was higher than on internalizing items, and concordance increased with age for boys, while there were no differences in parent-child agreement between boys and girls. Agreement was higher for dimensions of behaviour, e.g. depression (r = 0.40).

Adolescent↗