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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric consultation subgroups: use of two screening tests.

Elderly patients are highly vulnerable to illness-related and drug-induced cognitive changes, especially during the acute phase of a medical or surgical illness. Using a structured cognitive screening examination enhances the accurate identification of patients with cognitive impairment. We compared the cognitive portion of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-COG) to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening for the presence of organic brain dysfunction. Using cutoff scores, the two tests were in agreement in 94.4% of 36 cases, with total scores on the two tests correlated at r = -.90 (P less than .01). Of these 36 patients for whom psychiatric consultations were requested, 14 (38.8%) were found to be cognitively impaired. We discuss the relationship of test scores to the stated reason for the consultation, as well as variables influencing test results. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of cognitive testing in patients who refuse treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Frontal-lobe cognitive dysfunction in conduct disorder adolescents.

Behavioral similarities between antisocial behavior disorders and frontal-lobe cerebral impairment have led to suggestions that conduct disorders are attributable to disinhibition deficit associated with frontal-lobe cerebral functions. This study compared the performance of 21 conduct disorder adolescents on measures of cognitive processes associated with frontal-lobe functions with that of a matched comparison sample. Conduct disorder adolescents performed more poorly on measures sensitive to frontal-lobe dysfunction (conceptual perseveration, poorly sustained attention, impaired sequencing on memory and motor tasks), but not on non-frontal-lobe specific cognitive measures. Although the findings support a neurobehavioral explanation of antisocial behavior as a product of cerebral disinhibition, caution is urged in overinterpreting causal relationships through neurobehavioral data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dysfunctional cognitions, attributional style, and depression in bulimia.

A group of 44 bulimic women (DSM-III) as well as 38 women with no indication of an eating disorder, comparable with respect to age, weight and height, were studied by means of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and an Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDQ). Bulimics showed significantly higher BDI, DAS and ASQ (bad events) scores, respectively. In both groups BDI scores were significantly correlated with DAS and ASQ (bad events) results. BDI was highly predictive of severity of bulimia while no significant prediction was obtained from either DAS or ASQ (bad events) scores. The findings provide first evidence that dysfunctional attitudes and depressive attributional style are predominant in bulimic women but at the same time are not necessarily predictive of the severity of the disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

(+-)-cis-2-methyl-spiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3') quinuclidine (AF102B): a new M1 agonist attenuates cognitive dysfunctions in AF64A-treated rats.

(+-)-cis-2-Methyl-spiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3')quinuclidine (AF102B), a new muscarinic agonist of utmost rigidity, exhibits a high selectivity for M1 muscarinic receptors. In rats having a cholinergic hypofunction induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A), AF102B reversed cognitive impairments in a step-through passive avoidance task and in an 8-arm radial maze. AF102B reversed cognitive impairments at significantly lower doses than those needed to induce side-effects. In addition, AF102B exhibited low toxicity. The results suggest that AF102B may prove useful for treatments of cholinergic deficiencies and cognitive impairments, like those reported in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer Disease↗