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PubMed1988

[Computer diagnosis of gastric dysplasia and program design].

Two step processes were taken in computer diagnosis of gastric dysplasia. 1. 5 measurement values of dysplastic glandular tube obtained by using image analysis system were taken as the basis for judging the degree of dysplasia. Three glandular tubes of dysplasia were measured in each case. 2. Computer pathology diagnostic program using BASIC language ran in IBM computer. 5 parameters were input into computer for three stage-diagnosis. The first stage: 5 parameters were counted basing on three models to obtain three values which reflected the objective feature of the same glandular tube from different aspects. The second stage: diagnosis of a dysplastic glandular tube was obtained depending on the three values judged synthetically. Variate 'N' was introduced for controlling the first and second stage diagnosis of the three glandular tubes. The third stage diagnosis started as soon as N = 3. The third stage: diagnostic values of three glandular tubes were balanced and analysed depending on diagnostic criteria to reach the final diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1986

How computers are used in pathology education.

How are computers being used to teach pathology? Of 129 major medical teaching institutions surveyed, 63 institutions responded and 37 were using computers in pathology education. Applications include examination, instruction and consultation, case simulation, and course evaluation.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1980

A simple computer method for processing pathology data.

A simplified computer method for recording postmortem and histopathological findings is described. The method allows a major reduction in the workload of the pathologist and provides a convient means of selection and comparison of experimental results.

Computers↗
PubMed2002

A factor-analytic investigation of computer 'addiction' and engagement.

Evidence supporting the application of Brown's (1991, 1993) conception of behavioural addiction to computing behaviour is presented. Questionnaire items tapping Brown's addiction criteria were factor-analysed along with others, including computer apathy-engagement and computer anxiety-comfort items of Charlton and Birkett (1995). Items relating to some of Brown's criteria (tolerance, euphoria, and cognitive salience) were found to be complex, an Addiction factor loading upon them but an Engagement factor loading more highly. Items tapping other criteria (conflict, withdrawal, behavioural salience, and relapse and reinstatement) were shown to be factor pure, with only the addiction factor loading highly upon them. It is concluded that Brown's conception of behavioural addiction can be applied to computer-related behaviour, although the relationship of milder facets of addiction, which are also merely indicative of high engagement, to computer-related addictions is non-unique. It is also concluded that classifying individuals as exhibiting pathological computer use using checklists based upon adaptations of DSM criteria for pathological gambling is likely to overestimate the number of people addicted to computing activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Integrated pathology reporting, indexing, and retrieval system using natural language diagnoses.

Pathology computer systems are making increasing use of natural language diagnoses. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions integrated pathology reporting system, a commercial product with extensive, locally added enhancements, covers all information management functions within autopsy and surgical pathology divisions and has on-line linkages to clinical laboratory reports and the medical library's Mini-MEDLINE system. All diagnoses are written in natural language, using a word processor and spelling checker. A security system with personal passwords and different levels of access for different staff members allows reports to be signed out with an electronic signature. The system produces financial reports, overdue case reports, and Boolean searches of the database. Our experience with 128,790 consecutively entered pathology reports suggests that the greater precision of natural language diagnoses makes them the most suitable vehicle for follow-up, retrieval, and systems development functions in pathology.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the normal adrenal gland. Pathologic implications.

Computed tomography of the adrenals from 100 selected patients and from adrenal models was used to investigate the morphology, anatomic relations, and transaxial imaging of the normal glands. The recorded data were correlated with the classical anatomy and with the relevant reports in the literature. A system of nomenclature which is felt to be best suited for describing normal and pathologic adrenals, besides being applicable to all specialties, is suggested. Some sources of diagnostic errors were disclosed by reviewing the concepts of the normal axial imaging in the light of pathologic adrenal characteristics.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Computer-retrievable surgical pathology files. A low-cost, shareable system.

Reading descriptions of computer-retrievable surgical pathology files, the tissue pathologist might like to institute a similar system, but faces two problems. He finds little cost information and, without either the time or the skill for computer programming, he is unable to proceed with system development. We have a system that was developed to maximize cost efficiency. All of the programs are written in FORTRAN so that the system will run on almost any time-sharing computer. There is a need for computer-retrievable systems in pathology, and after careful consideration of affordability and shareability, computerization is workable.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

Ankle arthroscopy in industrial injuries of the ankle.

Industry-related injuries to the foot and ankle are not uncommon. These cases are often difficult to evaluate with respect to degree of damage and even more difficult to quantitate with regard to functional impairment. This article represents an attempt to determine the role of ankle arthroscopy in the evaluation of ankle injuries that involve compensation or liability. A retrospective review was conducted. The study group consisted of 40 patients who underwent a total of 42 arthroscopic procedures. The patients were evaluated with regard to the mechanism of injury and clinical manifestations. Pain and swelling were the most common preoperative symptoms. The majority of patients had pain localized to the lateral and anterolateral ankle. There were a high percentage of positive bone scans that correlated well with bone pathology but poorly with soft-tissue pathology. Computed tomography (CT) scans were equivalent to tomograms in the demonstration of bone pathology. Follow-up was obtained in 24 patients. At least 50% of the patients had some improvement in their symptoms. Thirty-three percent believed there was no change, and 17% said they were worse. Over 70% of the patients were able to return to work, although 20% had to change their occupation. Fifteen percent were considered disabled. In patients without a specific diagnosis, ankle arthroscopy was helpful in establishing a diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography scanning of the thorax.

Although the chest radiograph remains the initial imaging study in patients with intrathoracic pathology, computed tomography has become useful in the early detection and evaluation of all aspects of lung, mediastinal, pleural and chest wall disease. High resolution computed tomography has particular advantages in the characterization of parenchymal lung disease.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of renal tuberculosis and its pathological correlates.

Computed tomographic studies of eight patients with proven renal tuberculosis demonstrated a spectrum of findings related to the extent and the severity of kidney involvement. In early or focal disease, obstruction of a single major calyx or a group of minor calyces was noted (four cases) with no excretion of contrast material into the affected calyces (three cases) and cortical thinning. Tuberculosis of the renal pelvis (five cases) was manifested by either pelvic dilatation secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction (three patients) or diffuse pelvic contraction (two patients). In far advanced disease (four cases) the kidneys were small and exhibited atrophy with replacement of parenchyma by one or more low density areas. Calcifications (37.5%) were identified in the parenchyma and within the calyces. Computed tomography may provide the first clue in suggesting the inflammatory nature of a renal mass and excluding a neoplastic process. Computed tomography is also of value in determining the full extent of extrarenal involvement and the amount of residual functioning parenchyma, both of which are critical in proper treatment planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cerebral computed tomography in infantile spasms].

A prospective investigation of 52 children with infantile spasms was carried out employing computed tomography. Normal conditions were demonstrated in 21 (40%). Among the 31 children with pathological computed tomografic findings, dilatation of the ventricular system and/or subarachnoid space was found in nine cases (17%), congenital malformations in ten (19%) and cerebrovascular changes in a similar number (19%). One patient had a tumour and one had congenital toxoplasmosis. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of normal psychomotor development between children with normal and abnormal computed tomographic findings. The reason for this is probably that a good prognosis may be anticipated in the idiopathic forms provided that ACTH treatment is initiated early in the course of the disease. Computed tomography is useful to differentiate between symptomatic and idiopathic cases of infantile spasms. It may, however, be assumed that neuronal heterotopy without other malformations in the central nervous system may be difficult to diagnose with computed tomography. Magnetic resonance scanning will probably be able to demonstrate these cases.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2002

Prognostic value of [18F]FDG-PET imaging in small cell lung cancer.

Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been used in the evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently its use in the staging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been reported. However, the prognostic value of FDG-PET imaging in SCLC has not been studied. We performed a retrospective analysis to assess this, with the following hypotheses: (1) PET-positive patients would have a less favorable prognosis than PET-negative patients and (2) a high standardized uptake value (SUV) would be associated with a poor prognosis. Retrospective review of a mixed population of treated and untreated patients imaged between 1995 and 2000 was performed. Results of 62 scans in 46 patients were analyzed. There were 8 untreated and 38 treated patients. Findings were correlated with pathology, computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data. The sensitivity of PET scanning was 100% with pathological correlation. The prognostic value of a positive PET study was determined. Overall survival in PET-positive cases was significantly worse than that in PET-negative cases ( P=0.0108). Correlation of SUV(max) with survival showed a significant negative correlation ( P=0.0021). In the eight untreated patients, scans were strongly positive and in all cases the scan results concurred with the final clinical stage assigned on the basis of conventional methods. We conclude that FDG-PET imaging provides prognostic information in treated patients. A positive study and a high SUV(max) are significantly associated with poor survival. Additionally, FDG-PET may be helpful in staging and follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Practical experience with graphical user interfaces and object-oriented design in the clinical laboratory.

The computing strategy in our laboratories evolved from research in Artificial Intelligence, and is based on powerful software tools running on high performance desktop computers with a graphical user interface. This allows most tasks to be regarded as design problems rather than implementation projects, and both rapid prototyping and an object-oriented approach to be employed during the in-house development and enhancement of the laboratory information systems. The practical application of this strategy is discussed, with particular reference to the system designer, the laboratory user and the laboratory customer. Routine operation covers five departments, and the systems are stable, flexible and well accepted by the users. Client-server computing, currently undergoing final trials, is seen as the key to further development, and this approach to Pathology computing has considerable potential for the future.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

Beyond computer validation - a new role for quality assurance in systems development.

The Quality Assurance Unit (QAU) at Eli Lilly and Company is involved in the development of a new clinical pathology computer system in conjunction with the information systems area and the user area. This is the first time that the QAU had the opportunity to build our requirements into a new computer system. This is a new role for QA and includes both auditing and validation personnel who offer QA insights into issues. Benefits of QA involvement in the developmental process include saving time by building quality checks into the system, thus eliminating the need for manual review later in the process. Early resolution of issues leads to significant financial savings. Other benefits include improved communication among the three functional areas and a better understanding of the requirements and work processes. The team approach to the development of a new computer system results in a high-quality final product which meets all user and regulatory requirements, while also providing additional benefits to our organization.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1982

A computer-assisted surgical pathology system.

SURPATH is a comprehensive, integrated computer-assisted system for service, research, and management in surgical pathology that has been in use at New England Medical Center (NEMC) since July 1, 1978. Functions of the system include: maintenance of patient-name and diagnostic files; generation, editing, and printing of preliminary and final specimen reports; SNOMED coding and indexing of diagnoses; retrieval and video display or printing of data on individual cases or groups of cases; billing and generation of billing reports; and, calculation of intervals between accession and signout of specimens. Use of the system has greatly facilitated the production of surgical pathology reports; increased the spread with which inquiries about individual specimens can be answered; provided rapid, accurate searches of the diagnostic files; improved timeliness, accuracy, and completeness of billing resulting in increased departmental revenue; reduced intervals between accession and reporting; and, improved the morale of the professional and support staffs.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

The diagnosis of emphysema. A computed tomographic-pathologic correlation.

To assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of emphysema, we performed CT on 32 patients prior to surgery for removal of suspected tumors. The CT scans were assessed visually for emphysema by 2 independent radiologists and 1 chest physician. Intraobserver and interobserver variation were assessed. Pathologic emphysema was graded on the resected lung specimens. These grades were correlated with the CT scores and with pulmonary function tests obtained prior to surgery. Significant correlation was found between the pathologic grade on resected lung specimens and the preoperative CT score of both the resected lobe (r greater than or equal to 0.57, p less than 0.001) and the whole lung (r greater than or equal to 0.63, p less than 0.001). Compared with pulmonary function tests, CT was a better predictor of emphysema and distinguished patients with moderate emphysema from patients with normal lungs. We conclude that CT is a useful adjunct in assessing the presence and severity of emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: computed tomographic and pathologic findings in 18 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To review the computed tomographic (CT) findings in pathologically proven chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The study included 19 pulmonary lesions caused by mycologically and pathologically proven chronic coccidioidomycosis in 18 immunocompetent patients (aged 22 to 75 years, mean 57 years) who had a chest CT scan. Thirteen patients were Canadians who had travelled to an endemic area, and 5 were inhabitants of an endemic area in southern California and Arizona. The CT findings were assessed to determine the type, size, margin, internal architecture and location of parenchymal abnormalities. RESULTS: The CT findings included solitary nodules of 1.0 to 2.0 cm (mean 1.7 cm) in diameter in 17 patients, a focal area of ground-glass attenuation in 1 patient, and focal consolidation in 1 patient. Ten of the nodules had homogeneous attenuation on CT, 2 had central areas of low attenuation, 2 showed cavitation, 2 had foci of calcifications and 1 had bubble lucency. The nodules were located peripherally (in 14 patients) and centrally (in 3 patients). The predominant histologic finding in these nodules was a necrotizing granuloma. Three nodules were surrounded by halos of ground-glass attenuation, which were shown on histologic examination to represent granulomatous inflammation (in 2 cases) and pulmonary hemorrhage due to a pulmonary artery-bronchial fistula (in 1 case). Two nodules had adjacent consolidation, which was due to granulomatous inflammation surrounding a necrotizing granuloma. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing granulomas in chronic coccidioidomycosis appear as a well-defined nodule on CT, while granulomatous inflammation may appear as areas of ground-glass attenuation or consolidation.

Adult↗