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PubMed2003

Hepatitis C research.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer.

About 180,000 American women will be diagnosed with early stage breast cancer during 1993. In many of these patients breast cancer is a systemic disease at diagnosis and thus not curable by local treatment alone. The development of optimal forms of systemic adjuvant therapy has been a major area of research for more than 30 years. The two most widely employed types of adjuvant therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and tamoxifen, have been shown to improve relapse-free and overall survival in certain patient subsets. This review highlights recent advances in adjuvant therapy of early stage breast cancer and discusses current treatment guidelines.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuvant therapy for colorectal carcinoma.

In Western industrialized countries, colorectal adenocarcinoma is the second most common solid malignant tumor. Despite radical surgery in 75% to 80% of all cases, about 50% of patients with colorectal carcinoma die of this tumor. The essential advances of the last years are the reduction in the surgical complication rate and postoperative mortality. Recent studies show that radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma and chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil in combination with levamisole) for colon carcinoma as additional measures in certain subgroups can significantly improve results. However, such multimodality treatment concepts need adequate equipment and experience and should only be implemented, whenever possible, in controlled clinical trials.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2003

The reappraisal of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: from Stout to the KIT revolution.

For five decades gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) truly have represented one of the most confusing as well as neglected areas of both surgical pathology and clinical oncology. The recognition of the central role played by KIT expression in the development of the interstitial cell of Cajal and of the activating KIT mutations in the pathogenesis of GIST have been the keys for a more precise categorization of this long elusive clinicopathological entity. A Consensus Conference held at the National Institutes of Health in 2001 provided both an evidence-based definition and a practical scheme for the assessment of the risk of aggressive clinical behavior. This scheme is based on evaluation of the size and mitotic rate of the tumors, and its use is strongly advocated. On the basis of current data GISTs can be defined as a distinctive group of KIT-expressing mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, showing differentiation towards the interstitial cell of Cajal, also known as the gastrointestinal pacemaker cells. Metastatic GISTs have been a virtually incurable disease until the elucidation of the role of KIT mutations. STI-571 (imatinib mesylate) is a molecule that inhibits the function of various receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, such as abl, the bcr-abl chimeric product, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and KIT. Following its successful use in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, STI-571 has also proved extremely effective in targeting metastatic GIST. Data regarding the duration of the response to this therapy are not yet available, and therefore any overenthusiasm should be avoided. Nonetheless, the GIST story remains paradigmatic of a totally innovative approach to cancer therapy which until now is the most elegant translation of cancer biology experimental knowledge into clinical practice.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) State-of-the-Science Conference on Preventing Violence and Related Health-Risking Social Behaviors in Adolescents - a commentary.

Although youth in the United States remain substantially more violent than adolescents and young adults in most industrial countries, the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) State-of-the-Science Conference on Preventing Violence and Related Health-Risking Social Behaviors in Adolescents identified many reasons for optimism about our capacity to develop effective prevention and intervention responses. The research is getting better and contrary to popular opinion we do know a lot about what does work. Future advances will depend upon our insistence on the use of effectiveness evidence and the development of a taxonomy which will facilitate cross disciplinary communication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Celiac disease: is the atypical really typical? Summary of the recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference and latest advances.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Gluten is a protein component in wheat and other cereals, such as rye and barley. At present, the only available treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. Recent advances have increased our understanding of the molecular basis for this disorder. The past decade has seen new scientific developments in this disease and led to the formulation of new concepts of pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. There are several targets for new treatments. This article briefly summarizes the National Institutes of Health Consensus Statement and gives an overview of new findings in recent years and of future therapeutic options for CD.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed2002

The NIH Consensus concept of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome compared with traditional concepts of nonbacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia.

The new National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus classification identifies chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) based on the presence or absence of leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS), postprostatic massage urine (VB3), or seminal fluid analysis. The purpose of this review is to determine the effect of the new classification on the proportion of symptomatic patients diagnosed with inflammation. We compare and contrast the new consensus classification with the traditional classification of prostatitis syndromes, then review how these changes effect patient classification in our clinical practice. Thorough clinical and microbiologic examination of 140 patients attending the University of Washington Prostatitis Clinic included evaluation of first void urine, mid-stream urine, EPS, VB3, and semen specimens. Inflammation was documented in 111 (26%) of 420 samples including 39 EPS samples, 32 VB3 samples, and 40 SFA specimens. Of the 140 patients, 73 (52%) had inflammatory CP/CPPS according to the NIH consensus criteria, but only 39 (28%) had nonbacterial prostatitis according to traditional EPS criteria (P < 0.001). The new NIH consensus concept of inflammatory CP/CPPS includes almost twice as many patients as the traditional category of nonbacterial prostatitis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

Overview of current issues in management of dyslipidemia.

An ever-increasing body of evidence supports active intervention in patients with dyslipidemia. Newly formulated recommendations call for evaluation of and treatment decisions based on not only total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels but also high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. HDL cholesterol determinations are now encouraged as part of routine coronary risk assessment in healthy adults. In addition, both HDL cholesterol and triglyceride measurements are recommended in patients with coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, or potentially atherogenic disorders such as hypertension or diabetes. If hygienic measures fail to normalize lipid values, a variety of drugs may be used. Future management strategies may include novel agents that inhibit different steps in lipid metabolism or in cholesterol biosynthesis, drugs that modify the lipoproteins themselves rather than change their concentrations, and drugs that protect the vessel wall from atherogenesis. A problem still to be resolved is that only about 10% of candidates for antihyperlipidemic drug therapy are receiving such treatment.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1995

Universal screening for infant hearing impairment: simple, beneficial, and presently justified.

In a recent article, Bess and Paradise (Pediatrics 93 (1994) 330-334) rejected the recommendation of the National Institutes of Health that all infants be screened for hearing loss on being released from their birthing hospital. This article responds to their objections with data from the literature and operational newborn hearing screening programs. These data show that universal newborn hearing screening is practicable, effective, cost-efficient, and safe, and concludes that such programs should be implemented without further delay.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed2006

The 2005 conference on the biology of manual therapies.

A historic and critically important scientific workshop for all professions involved with manual therapies was held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on June 9 and 10, 2005. The conference was jointly sponsored and organized by the NIH and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and was the first ever national or international research conference to focus on the biologic mechanisms that underlie a broad range of interventions, which can be described as "manual therapies." Leading scientific experts from North America and Europe presented their latest findings and theories related to 5 different areas of science relevant to manual therapies: neuroscience, biomechanics, endocrinology, imaging, and immunology. During the conference, breakout groups composed of scientists, physicians and therapists, and patient advocates were formed in the relevant disciplines. These groups developed consensus statements on key unanswered research questions, which were then submitted back to the conference for comment and approval. The outcomes of this workshop have subsequently been incorporated into a new initiative by the NIH and Canadian Institutes of Health Research for funding research on the biology of manual therapies. This editorial includes presentation summaries and 13 key consensus recommendations relating to mechanisms of action for manual therapies.

Animals↗