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Results for “Contraception Behavior”

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PubMed1990

Successful contraceptive behavior among adolescent mothers: are there predictors?

Of 43 adolescent mothers who had been enrolled in a specialized program of prenatal care, 20 reported no subsequent unplanned pregnancy for 2 years. Descriptive statistics were used to identify differences between these nonrepeaters and 23 repeaters. The locus-of-control framework provided the theoretical basis for the study. The two study groups and those lost to follow-up were similar in demographic characteristics. School attendance, contraceptive knowledge, use of contraception, locus of control, and maternal support did not effectively differentiate the two groups. Program activities, including attendance at prenatal groups and nurse/social worker visits, also did not explain recidivism. Implications of these findings for health care providers and for further research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Background information on contraception behavior of patients undergoing abortion as an indication of the psychosocial origin of unwanted pregnancies].

269 patients were interviewed in a private abortion clinic in Lindenfels, Hessen, West Germany on aspects of contraception and abortion. The results indicated three crucial points, which influence contraceptive behaviour: social barriers, which affect indirectly the access to and the handling of contraceptives; psychic, mainly unconscious barriers, which counteract contraception; an increasing distrust and rejection of modern medical contraception, especially in highly educated women. These barriers are evident in lack of information, differing in the various social groups; partly irrational and exaggerated fear of side effects, and lack of success of factual information. Furthermore, poor co-operation is evident on the part of the husband or partner together with considerable shortcomings in medical counselling.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

[Results of a case-control study of the current effect of various factors of cervical cancer risk. 2. Contraceptive behavior and the smoking factor].

We considered in this study 309 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical carcinoma and 490 women without pathological changes in the cervical epithelium. The interviews was performed using a standardised questionnaire. The percentage of women who attended screening programmes for cervical carcinoma amounted to 83.5% for the study group and 81% for the control group. The relative risk (RR) for developing CIN or invasive cervical carcinoma increased with the use of hormonal contraceptives; the increase being statistically significant (RR = 3.5; p = 0.006). Moreover easy use of oral contraceptives (< 18 years, 18-20 years, 21-25 years vs > 25 years) and prolonged use of oral contraceptives were associated with a significant increased of the relative risk. In contrast, women who used IUD had a very low relative risk (RR = 0.6; p = 0.005). 54.5% of the patients in the study group and 41.6% of those in the control group were smokers. We observed that smoking increases the relative risk for cervical carcinoma or CIN (RR = 1.7; p = 0.01). The duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked were observed to increase the risk for cervical carcinoma, the increase being statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Young adults' contraceptive practices: an investigation of influences.

This study investigated young adults' contraceptive behaviors and attitudes through application of a comprehensive, theoretical framework. Specifically, a social-psychological approach to understanding preventive behaviors (e.g., contraceptive practices), was developed, incorporating the Health Belief Model and other factors, which offered a means for evaluating the extent to which contraceptive behaviors were influenced by individual and group characteristics. The study group consisted of 283 unmarried students at several schools who were, on average, 19 years of age. Results suggested that effective contraceptive behavior associated most strongly with respondents' perceiving relatively few barriers to their use of contraception, their maintenance of extensive interpersonal skills, and their regarding peer norms as consistent with effective contraceptive behavior. Findings also underlined a need for continuing education about sexuality and contraception. Dangerous misinformation prevailed regarding respondents' knowledge of areas that include anatomy, physiology, and appropriate use of effective contraceptive methods. Finally, results implied a need to consider broad behavioral, social, and interpersonal issues as they relate to young adults' effective contraceptive behavior. Future studies of contraceptive risk taking are encouraged to examine both individual and social factors affecting sexual and contraceptive practices if unplanned pregnancy is to be minimized, if not eliminated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Rethinking patient counseling techniques for changing contraceptive use behavior.

Some women who use contraception become pregnant. Determinants of pregnancy in these women are fecundity, frequency of intercourse, contraceptive method, and contraceptive behaviors. Current counseling content emphasizes the choice of method, with "education" about a limited set of use behaviors. A listing of use behaviors for oral contraceptives (OCs) shows that "use" should be conceptualized as multidimensional with numerous levels and not a simple dichotomous concept of use versus nonuse. The multidimensional understanding of "use" suggests the need for multidimensional counseling to affect distal determinants of use behaviors: knowledge, motivation, ability, and intentions. A review of behavioral theories suggests that various techniques can be used, in addition to the current emphasis on history taking and patient education, to help women have effective use behaviors. These include assessment for need and individualized counseling. With use of techniques that are widely recognized in other intervention programs, the emphasis of contraceptive counseling would be on the future, on intentions and behaviors, and on mobilizing self-planning and action by the OC user.

Contraception↗
PubMed1984

The influence of parents, church, and peers on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of college students.

Male and female undergraduate students were surveyed concerning their sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and contraceptive behavior. In addition, the general attitudes about sexuality the students perceived as communicated to them by their parents, their church, and their peers were assessed. It was found for female students that general attitudes about sexuality, as defined on an erotophilia-erotophobia dimension, and sexual behaviors were correlated with the perceived attitudes of peers, rather than those of parents and church. However, male students' attitudes and some sexual behaviors were correlated with the perceived attitudes of their parents, rather than the views of their peers and church. Church attitudes were not found to be related to any of the measures. None of the sources of influence, parents, peers, or church attitudes, or erotophilia-erotophobia was related to contraceptive behavior.

Attitude↗
PubMed1994

Family planning needs of male chronic mental patients in the general hospital psychiatry clinic.

We investigated the parenting history, contraceptive behavior, and contraceptive needs of 35 male chronic mental patients seen at an urban outpatient psychiatric clinic. Most patients had fathered children, but 60% of the children less than 16 years of age were not being reared by their biological father. Forty-one percent of the patients who had sexual intercourse during the preceding year and had not wanted children reported that they or their sexual partner had not used contraception at the time of last intercourse. Patients were reportedly at significant risk of fathering unwanted children and sexually transmitted diseases. Strategies for preventing unwanted pregnancies within this population are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1975

Selected aspects of adolescent postpartum behavior.

Contraceptive, educational, and vocational behavior patterns of postpartum adolescents were examined. Eight months after delivery 269 teenage girls who participated in a comprehensive antepartum psycho-social program were mailed follow-up questionnaires. Eighty-three percent of teenage mothers who responded reported using birth control pills as a form of contraception. We found that single girls were more actively involved in vocational and educational training. This and other observations indicate that marital status of teenage participants is important to their postpartum actions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of competitive sports on the menstrual cycle and sexuality--results of a survey of the West German team for the Olympic games in Los Angeles].

The present investigation attempts to analyse exact data on the menstruation cycle, contraception and the sexual behavior of competitive sportswomen. Since the West German participants at the Olympic Games of 1984 in Los Angeles were chosen for this investigation, the patients are unquestionably highly selected. For this reason, the results cannot claim to be representative in all respects. The objective of this study was primarily to register and to analyse the gynecological aspects of women's competitive sport, to reveal interrelationships and if appropriate to point out disadvantageous tendencies. The Olympics participants were subdivided into five different groups on the basis of the type of sport: I. take-off power/speed II. anaerobic endurance III. aerobic endurance IV. technique/dexterity V. team games. A control group was formed of middle-distance and long-distance runners. The data were analysed with regard to competitive sport and age, number of days of training and training minutes per week, menarche, duration and length as well as intensity of menstrual bleeding, menstruation symptoms, influence of menstrual bleeding on sport performance, dependence of peak performance on the menstruation cycle, sexual behavior, contraception behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Sexual behavior and contraceptive practices among university students].

The aim of this work was to study the knowledge, opinions and sexual behaviour of a sample of 464 students from the Universidad Austral de Chile. Results show that 78% of male and 41% of female students have had a sexual intercourse and that 78% of males and 72% of females with an active sexual life use contraceptive methods. The principal reasons to avoid the use of these methods are the irregularity of sexual intercourse and the reduction in pleasure. Most students think that these methods are harmful for their health but they should be used. The use of contraceptive methods increase with the frequency of sexual relations and university experience, but first year students use them more frequently than second year students. Most students know several contraceptive methods, but their knowledge about mechanisms of action is inadequate or distorted. Likewise, more than 50% think that it is possible to prevent pregnancy after a sexual intercourse. It is concluded that most sexually active students use contraceptive methods, but inappropriately. Stereotypes, myths and lack of information are influencing their sexual and contraceptive practices, showing incoherence between their knowledge and behavior. A possible explanation could be a scarce influence of high school and religion on their sexual formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The association between smoking and sexual behavior among teens in US contraceptive clinics.

A study of teenage women in 32 contraceptive clinics in the United States shows a strong negative relationship between age of first intercourse and the level of cigarette smoking; the association is strong enough to reverse the usual correlation of smoking and age during the teenage years. Preventive, timely contraceptive behavior is also negatively associated to smoking. These findings suggest that interventions could well be designed and located in settings which take this association into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Determinants of contraceptive switching behavior in rural Sri Lanka.

This study examines the influence of a selected set of determinants of contraceptive method switching in rural Sri Lanka. Of interest is the question of how change in contraceptive practice at the individual level can account for patterns observed at the aggregate level. Based on calendar data on contraceptive use over a 3-year period, collected for more than 3,000 married women in a 1986 survey, the multivariate analysis shows that women who attain all or a significant proportion of their desired fertility tend to switch to more effective methods. Women who experience method failure tend to switch methods, usually to a type that is more effective. The woman's background determinants of age and education have small but significant effects on method switching, whereas the effect of household economic well-being is not significant. There is strong indication that rural couples are practicing contraception in a nonrandom fashion, switching methods in accordance with changes in their fertility motivations and contraceptive experience.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1984

Abortion: predicting the complexity of the decision-making process.

This study sought to test a conflict theory model of decision-making in abortion. Complex, or conflicted, abortion decisions were defined as those occurring when the woman had desired pregnancy, when the abortion alternative was considered later, and when the decision process was lengthier and subjectively more difficult. Sets of personal and social variables, identified from previous research, were expected to require a more complex decision process. A second objective was to determine whether these variables would also predict previous contraceptive behavior. A large sample of abortion patients completed a survey of attitudes and behaviors related to the abortion decision and contraceptive usage. Results indicated that strong involvement with one's sexual partner tended to encourage contraception but complicated the abortion decision. Strong work commitment likewise encouraged contraception but appeared to simplify the abortion decision. While concern for personal health was significantly associated with contraceptive behavior, it was not related to the decision process in abortion. Interpretation suggested that prevention of unwanted pregnancy and the abortion decision are independent processes, both of which are affected by love and work but in opposite directions.

Abortion Applicants↗