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PubMed2003

Cost of organ procurement and transplantation network data collection for a large transplant center.

Collection of data on transplant candidates and recipients for the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) is a burden that falls primarily on the transplant centers. We examined the cost of data collection at one large transplant center. The average number of forms per year submitted more than 3 years was 5245. For the 3 years, 2.46 full time equivalents (FTEs) were committed to this data collection. Annual salaries in addition to benefits (calculated at 22% of salary) for these FTEs were US dollars 143026.22. The calculated annual cost per form submitted amounted to US dollars 27.27. Collection of data on transplant candidates and recipients is expensive and the cost of data collection should be understood before the institution of new data collection requirements for the transplant centers.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1995

Overview of the data collection process.

The data collection plan is a series of well-thought-out strategies to implement the data collection process. The details of the plan are written out on paper. Once the research proposal is approved the data collection plan is implemented. This implementation is the action or doing phase of the study. The aim of this phase is to collect the evidence or data. During implementation, the researcher can experience problems related to people, researcher, institution and events. The data collection process is a time that is very challenging and requires the researcher to use mental and interpersonal skills.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2003

Extent of surgical intervention in case of N0 neck in head and neck cancer patients: an analysis of data collection of 39 hospitals.

In the discussion on the treatment of the clinical N0 neck in head and neck cancer, the sentinel lymphonodectomy is gaining more and more in significance. Prior to a multicentre study on the value of sentinel lymphonodectomy, it seemed to be desirable to collect data on the current practice of neck dissection in German ENT departments. First a standardised questionnaire was sent to 50 hospitals in Germany. It contained questions on the respective therapeutic concepts (uni- or bilateral modified radical neck dissection versus selective neck dissection, wait-and-see policy) in histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma (G2) and defined localisation of the primary tumour (T1-T2 carcinoma of the oral cavity, the oropharynx and hypopharynx as well as larynx). Summing up the evaluation of 39 anonymously answered questionnaires, it can be stated that no uniform therapeutic concept for the treatment of the cervical lymph nodes in carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract based on the stage of lymphatic metastatic disease exists. It seems to be essential to elaborate such a concept in order to be able to compete in the international context. Likewise, a widespread uniform therapeutic strategy would be the basic prerequisite for the initiation and realisation of multicentric therapy studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Cancer diagnostic test of Field and Caspary: Part II. A review and interpretation of the collected data.

Tables are presented showing data collected to date on the clinical trials of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test for cancer of Field and Caspary. Seven variations on the original technique are summarized. The original antigen used in these tests was the basic protein of CNS myelin. Four additional proteins have been shown to function in these tests in place of the basic protein. There appears not to be a strong immunological crossreaction between these proteins. This paper discusses a possible solution to the problem of why non-crossreactive proteins appear to crossreact when testing cancer patients with the macrophage electrophoretic mobility related tests. All lymphocytes in saline suspension without added protein will aggregate. This is prevented in normals by the addition of some proteins to the culture, but is not so prevented in cancer and other diseases. Aggregation results in lymphokine release that makes the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test and variants positive. Aggregation occurs in the first incubation step of these tests and this non-immunological aggregation is the underlying phenomenon detected rather than specific antigen recognition as has been heretofore presumed.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2000

What proportion of patients refuse consent to data collection from their records for research purposes?

In a randomised trial of the implementation of guidelines for asthma and angina, we sent questionnaires that included a request for consent to collect data from the patient's clinical records to 5069 patients in 81 general practices. Of these 3429 (67.6%) responded, of whom 335 (9.8% [95%, CI = 8.8%-10.8%]) refused consent. We conclude that consent should always be sought unless a research ethics committee has waived this requirement for pressing reasons.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. History, data collection and validity.

The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry was formally established in 1956 but started operating in 1949 with a nationwide prevalence survey. Since then, the Registry has continued collecting data on new and old cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) or suspected MS from multiple sources. The Registry reclassifies cases according to standardized diagnostic criteria (currently those of Poser et al). A total of 14,441 cases fulfilling the diagnostic criteria had been registered at the most recently completed follow-up by 1 January 1997; 10,851 had onset from 1948 to 1996 and 3560 before 1948. The completeness has formerly been estimated at about 90%, higher for cohorts with older onset and lower for cohorts with onset close to follow-up. The estimated validity of the diagnosis for autopsy cases classified as definite MS in the Registry is 94%. A long-term nationwide Registry has proved to be a valuable instrument for monitoring incidence and prevalence, analysing survival, performing genetic analysis, providing unselected patient samples for clinical analyses, performing case-control studies and prospective studies and estimating the need for treatment and care.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer risk factors in three Sioux tribes. Use of the Indian-specific health risk appraisal for data collection and analysis.

Cancer mortality rates for Aberdeen Area Indians exceed U.S. rates with lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer death. The Sioux Cancer Study, an ancillary study of the Strong Heart Study, investigated cancer and cancer risk factors among tribal members aged 45-74 in three Sioux tribes in North and South Dakota. An Indian-specific health risk appraisal was used to collect data and provide specific recommendations to participants. The high rates of smoking (56% for men and 48% for women) explain the high lung cancer mortality rates. Intensive smoking cessation and prevention programs will likely have the greatest impact in reducing preventable cancer deaths. More accessible cervical and breast cancer screening provided by female health care providers is needed to reduce preventable cancer deaths among Sioux women. Pap smear screening is an especially high priority since cervical cancer mortality is 4.4 times higher than U.S. rates, all races. Programs targeted to reduce obesity and excessive alcohol use will also likely reduce preventable cancer deaths associated with high rates of obesity, diabetes and binge drinking. Community-based cancer prevention and control programs tailored to the cancer risk factor profile of the community are the best strategy to reduce preventable cancer deaths in Indian communities.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Getting organized: qualitative data collection.

A qualitative data collection bag can be an effective tool for maintaining an organized process while collecting qualitative data. Having essential items on hand will facilitate completing data collection in a timely, efficient manner. Timely completion of a project results in positive experiences for both the researcher and participant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Palm computer demonstrates a fast and accurate means of burn data collection.

Manual biomedical data collection and entry of the data into a personal computer is time-consuming and can be prone to errors. The purpose of this study was to compare data entry into a hand-held computer versus hand written data followed by entry of the data into a personal computer. A Palm (3Com Palm IIIx, Santa, Clara, Calif) computer with a custom menu-driven program was used for the entry and retrieval of burn-related variables. These variables were also used to create an identical sheet that was filled in by hand. Identical data were retrieved twice from 110 charts 48 hours apart and then used to create an Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, Wash) spreadsheet. One time data were recorded by the Palm entry method, and the other time the data were handwritten. The method of retrieval was alternated between the Palm system and handwritten system every 10 charts. The total time required to log data and to generate an Excel spreadsheet was recorded and used as a study endpoint. The total time for the Palm method of data collection and downloading to a personal computer was 23% faster than hand recording with the personal computer entry method (P < 0.05), and 58% fewer errors were generated with the Palm method.) The Palm is a faster and more accurate means of data collection than a handwritten technique.

Burns↗
PubMed1992

Prodromal symptoms and signs of bipolar relapse: a report based on prospectively collected data.

Prospectively collected data on 19 recently hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder were examined for prodromal changes preceding relapse. The 4-month periods before six manic and six depressive relapses were compared with each other and with a comparable period for seven patients who did not relapse. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to assess symptoms. Significant elevations in unusual thought content were found 1 month before manic relapse. Depressive relapsers evidenced higher levels of conceptual disorganization throughout the prerelapse period. Nonrelapsers showed very stable symptom profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Feasibility study of voice-driven data collection in animal drug toxicology studies.

The object of this study was to determine the feasibility of using voice recognition technology to enable hands-free and eyes-free collection of data related to animal drug toxicology studies. Specifically, we developed and tested a prototype voice-driven data collection system for histopathology data using only voice input and computer-generated voice responses. The overall accuracy rate was 97%. Additional work is needed to minimize training requirements and improve audible feedback. We conclude that this architecture could be considered a viable alternative for data collection in animal drug toxicology studies with reasonable recognition accuracy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective data collection using event history calendars.

BACKGROUND: Event history calendars are used to collect retrospective data about events and life transitions over short and long periods of time. Event history calendars are highly structured, but flexible, approaches to interviewing respondents about past events that use their own past experiences as cues to remembering. Event history calendars incorporate autobiographical memory retrieval mechanisms to assist respondents in reconstructing past events and experiences accurately and completely. APPROACH: A sample event history calendar and experiences from an ongoing study of adolescent risk behavior are described to illustrate event history calendar methodology application in nursing research. Event history calendar design, recording, interviewing, and interviewer training descriptions are included. DISCUSSION: Event history calendars have been used extensively for retrospective data collection of occurrence, timing, and sequencing of a variety of life events in population studies, psychology, and sociology research, but not in nursing research. Because event history calendars improve recollection of complex sequences of personal events, they would be ideal for retrospective data collection in quantitative and qualitative nursing studies. Nursing expertise in history-taking make this a natural method of choice for retrospective data collection and as a means of stimulating communication during interviewing.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

From data collection to knowledge data discovery: a medical application of data mining.

Prison inmates are exposed to a variety of major risk factors (psychiatric disorders, suicide attempts, illicit drug use). From 1986 to 1996, the USA prison population more than doubled while in France, it increased from 35655 in 1980 to 51623 in 1995. In spite of these findings, very little information concerning the inmates population is available. At the present time, there is a desire to adopt a policy based on the prevention of recidivism, on adequate release planning and referrals to community-based services. The aim of the RAPPEL project was to build an information system for assessing the social and health status of prison inmates. The pilot project was set up at the prison of Loos and allowed the collection and analysis of nearly 15000 records. The aim of this paper is to present the extension of the project consisting in developing a regional network grouping 11 jails. Information locally available will serve as the basis for the information system of regional jails. Data mining techniques will provide solutions for the extraction of new information. Three data mining tools were experimented : association rules, classification trees and clustering. Further extension consists in a distributed approach allowing direct access to the information system by WEB tools.

Classification↗
PubMed1994

The telephone interview as a data collection method.

The interview is one of the most frequently used methods of collecting qualitative data. This paper offers a description of how the telephone interview may be used to collect data in both qualitative and quantitative studies. It offers a description of how to plan and use the telephone as a means of collecting data and justifies the use of this method. The paper also describes and illustrates how textual data that arises from the use of telephone interviews may be analysed by computer. Two approaches to analysis are outlined: (1) simple drawing together of responses to questions and (2) the searching for categories within the data and the organisation of text within those categories. The paper identifies limitations of the approach to data collection and points to further reading on the topic.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic and force data collection in biomechanics by means of sonic emitters--II: Force data collection and application to the human shoulder complex.

In multisegmented mathematical models of the human body the most difficult and the least successful modeling of a major articulating joint has been the shoulder complex because of the lack of appropriate biomechanical data as well as the anatomical complexity of the region. In this paper, quantitative results on the variability of the stiffness of the shoulder complex dependent upon orientation of the upper arm are presented by applying the principles and theory developed in Part I. The paper starts with a description of a multiple-axis force and moment transducer and its utilization with sonic emitters in determining direction as well as location of the general force and moment vectors applied on a body segment. The numerical results which are presented for three subjects are in the form of plots showing the passive resistance of the shoulder complex as functions of drawer displacements of the upper arm along its long bone axis. Exponential and power curve fitting of the numerical results are also provided to establish intra-subject variations and similarities of the behavioral patterns of the axial stiffness characteristics of the human shoulder complex.

Arm↗
PubMed2004

The equivalence of three data collection methods with field test data: a FACETS application.

The present study demonstrated the utility of the FACETS software for evaluating items in the field test stage of item development for a clinical early childhood instrument. The research focus was the equivalence of the parent/caretaker interview, structured assessment, and observational methods for data collection for a developmental inventory for children from birth to age seven. Data for this study were from a field test with some missing responses. The Rasch-based software FACETS was used to test the equivalence of the methods of data collection as well as to identify items for which the methods did not provide equivalent information. Thirty-five items were studied from the adaptive domain, 26 items from the communication subdomain, 34 items from the motor domain, and 31 from the personal-social domain. When the methods were unconstrained, the overall test indicated that at least two of the methods were not equivalent. However, FACETS bias analyses with the method measures constrained to equality allowed the identification of a limited number of items and associated methods that were possibly problematic. The use of FACETS allowed test developers to focus on items from a field test event that were inconsistent with the targeted test development model.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[Corneal graft data collection: evaluation of results 1995-2000].

PURPOSE: To examine the collection of data from the corneal grafts performed between 1995 and 2000, thus providing a long term follow-up. METHODS: Records of corneal grafts were made according to the following design and divided into three basic groups: 1a) donor data: age, storage time, endothelial density, ABO group; 1b) recipient data: age, ABO group, sight threatening pathology, diagnosis, visual acuity, corneal oedema, inflammation, vascularisation; 2) surgery data: surgery type, graft size, suture, intraocular lens, vitrectomy, complications; 3) data at first month and at each year follow-up: visual acuity, astigmatism, endothelial density, graft rejection and complications. A retrospective study of data collection percentage was performed. RESULTS: Although 100% of data from donors and recipients was collected, some data such as ABO group was not available in all cases. First indication was keratoconus and bullous keratopathy. Mean visual acuity at first year was 0.31, collected in 60% and endothelial density, 2,223 cls/mm2, available in 26.6 percent. CONCLUSIONS: A good basic data collection improves the long-term follow-up for corneal grafts. Further analysis in the future of this data will be helpful for clinical audit.

Adolescent↗