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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Improving dental epidemiologic data collection with computers.

A computerized dental data recording system (DDRS) was developed for the New England Elder Dental Study to improve data quality and increase field staff efficiency. The DDRS displays video screens similar to traditional paper forms to record data on coronal and root caries, dentate and denture status, subacute bacterial endocarditis screening, gingival bleeding, calculus, and periodontal attachment level. DDRS provides facilities for date and exam-component time tracking, on-line contextual comments, random record retrieval, editing, data backup, and data output in various data formats. This study compared the DDRS with a paper-form system for data entry accuracy. Dental caries and periodontal disease measurement data from 38 subjects were recorded on paper forms and independently entered using DDRS. The DDRS identified 150 illogical data errors, 39 inconsistent data errors, 7 invalid data and 34 miscellaneous data errors. Four technicians with field experience using both paper forms and DDRS reported time savings using DDRS in the field. DDRS has the potential for additional time savings by minimizing the time for data coding, cleaning, and management. Results demonstrate that DDRS could improve the quality of oral epidemiologic data by mandating strict adherence to protocols, preventing errors, and increasing field efficiency.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

A model for multidisciplinary data collection for cervical metastasis.

A system for multidisciplinary data collection for metastatic neck disease is discussed. Information from 87 neck dissections and 3218 lymph nodes is reported to illustrate the strength of the model. Clinical (endoscopic) assessment under general anesthesia, surgical assessment during the neck dissection, and radiographic (computed tomographic scan) assessment were compared with the pathological evaluation. All disciplines stratified the necks by region and node size. This model provides an effective stratagem for multi-institutional studies.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

The Sheffield data collection system.

Because of the intrinsically low sensitivity of any surface potential measurement to resistivity changes within a volume conductor, any data collection system for impedance imaging must be sensitive to changes in the peripheral potential profile of the order of 0.1%. For example, whilst the resistivity changes associated with lung ventilation and the movement of blood during the cardiac cycle range from 3 to 100% the changes recorded at the surface are very much less than this. The Sheffield data collection system uses 16 electrodes which are addressed through 4 multiplexers. Overall system accuracy is largely determined by the front-end equivalent circuit which is considered in some detail. This equivalent circuit must take into account wiring and multiplexer capacitances. A current drive of 5 mA p-p at 5 kHz is multiplexed to adjacent pairs of electrodes and peripheral potential profiles are recorded by serially stepping around adjacent electrode pairs. The existing Sheffield system collects the 208 data points for one image in 79 ms and offers 10 image data sets per second to the microprocessor. For a homogeneous circular conductor the ratio of the maximum to minimum signals within each peripheral potential profile is 45:1. The temptation to increase the number of electrodes in order to improve resolution is great and an achievable performance for 128 electrodes is given. However, any improvement in spatial resolution can only be made at the expense of speed and sensitivity which may well be the more important factors in determining the clinical utility of APT.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of an on-line computerized perinatal data collection and information system.

An on-line maternity data collection system has been designed to provide the information required for perinatal audit and to allow many of the letters and forms required for effective communication in pregnancy to be produced automatically. The system meets the requirements of the Korner Committee on Health Services Information and has been approved by the Computer Policy Committee. Pregnancy is followed prospectively from the first antenatal clinic visit until the file is closed 28 days after delivery. Data are entered by midwives and secretaries onto a network of microcomputers placed at convenient points in the maternity unit. The system has been fully operational with no significant problems since the beginning of 1984 and has led to improved communication between hospital and the community. Analysis of 253 consecutive case notes showed a high level of accuracy of the data recorded on computer. Reports and clinical audit are readily available both from the system locally, from standard programmes on the regional mainframe computer and via a mainframe computer at London University.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between 180 degrees and 360 degrees data collection in technetium-99m MIBI SPECT of the myocardium.

In a series of 12 patients presenting with a single-vessel coronary artery disease and who were injected with 370 MBq of 99mTc-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile at peak exercise, two consecutive single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data collections, i.e., 32 views of 30 sec during a 180 degrees rotation and 64 views of 15 sec during a 360 degrees rotation, were performed 1 hr later. In both cases, transverse sections were reconstructed using (a) a backprojection method with a ramp filter, (b) a correction for downscatter, (c) a correction for depth attenuation by the Chang method, or (d) both corrections. Each reconstructed myocardium was then divided into four short-axis sections which were radially divided into nine sectors. Sectors with an activity below 80% of the maximum were considered as abnormal. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated relative to a sector-by-sector theoretical anatomic distribution of the perfusion abnormalities. Results demonstrate that, of all situations, the best balance between sensitivity and specificity was achieved with the 180 degrees data collection and no correction at reconstruction. Using the 360 degrees data sampling technique mainly lowered the sensitivity in the patients with a circumflex or right coronary artery disease. It is concluded that there does not seem to be any definite advantage in performing a 360 degrees rather than a 180 degrees data collection in 99mTc myocardial SPECT.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Proposal for a data collection system for colposcopy services].

A computerized system for colpocytologic data collection and filing, is presented. A descriptive and easy to elaborate recording of anamnestical data and examination findings is achieved using two correlated files. Step by step filing is obtained by multichoice scheme which progressively appears on the screen.

Colposcopy↗
PubMed1987

Data collection on spinal cord injuries: urological outcome.

Analysis of 628 consecutive admissions to the Spinal Injuries Unit, Austin Hospital, between July 1978 and December, 1985 illustrates the value of a comprehensive data collection system which has been developed at the hospital since 1978. Some brief epidemiological data is presented, together with a detailed analysis of the urological outcome of patients with traumatic lesions whose discharge has been completed. A high rate of catheter-free status and urine sterility at discharge is reported, and factors affecting these results are analysed. The authors hope that an international system of data collection can be developed in the future to allow meaningful comparison of results between units.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1978

Monitoring disease in England and Wales: methods applicable to routine data-collecting systems.

This paper reviews routine data-collecting systems and methods for disease surveillance in England and Wales. It discusses population-based correlation studies, which seek to explain disease trends by relating routine health statistics to possible causative agents on a secular, geographical, or occupational basis. It describes recent developments in linking information collected by routine general purpose systems as a means of identifying and following individuals exposed to potential hazards.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1989

The impact of changing methods of data collection on the reliability of self-reported drug use of adolescents.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of different modes of data collection on the reliability of self-reported drug use of adolescents in a panel study. Adolescents were assigned to four groups based upon the ways they chose to respond to the survey instruments: 1) mailed questionnaires in both years, 2) survey interview in one year and mailed questionnaire in the next year, 3) mailed questionnaire in one year and survey interview in the following year, and 4) survey interview in both years. The quality of the self-reported data was examined in terms of return rates, missing data, internal consistency, and consistency of reported information over time. No significant differences were found between groups, suggesting that the mode of data collection does not affect the reliability of adolescents' self-reports of substance use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Computer-assisted drug data collection.

Computerized systems for recording information about medication prescribing and use are important for studies in health services and pharmacoepidemiology. Such systems, if properly designed, can facilitate analysis as well as data collection. Although drug information systems exist for pharmacy service delivery applications, there are currently no descriptions of systems developed primarily for research applications in this area. This paper describes a computerized data collection system, developed for researchers, usable on portable equipment, and containing error checking features; the system has been extensively tested in over 850 study subjects taking part in a study of medication use in nursing homes that examines the impact of educational interventions for doctors and nurses on prescribing practices.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1987

Rapid prototyping of database systems in human genetics data collection.

This work examines some of the problems encountered in developing small and large database application systems involving human genetics data collection efforts that include data on individuals as well as family pedigree data. Rapid prototyping of a database application requires software tools to produce the application with little or no programming. Features of MEGADATS-4 that provide for rapid prototyping and for producing stand-alone applications are examined.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

Automated data collection and processing for a cycle ergometer.

A system is described for collection and processing of data from a cycle ergometer. Cycle pedals, specially made to withstand the extremely high forces exerted during maximal power cycling, contain transducers to measure pedal angle relative to the crank and foot forces both perpendicular and parallel to the pedal surface. An additional transducer monitors crank position. Output signals are conditioned, amplified, digitized by a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter, fed into a computer at 100 Hz/channel, and mathematically smoothed to attenuate noise. For each sample interval, foot force components perpendicular and parallel to the crank arm are calculated. Power generated on each crank revolution is determined from transducer information. Computer graphics display pedaling parameters vs. crank angle in both rectangular and circular format. Data files containing variables descriptive of pedaling force curves are produced to enable computerized statistical analysis of cycling performance.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1992

Fully three-dimensional reconstruction from data collected on concentric cubes in Fourier space: implementation and a sample application to MRI.

An algorithm is proposed for rapid and accurate reconstruction from data collected in Fourier space at points arranged on a grid of concentric cubes. The Fourier transform of the object to be reconstructed is decomposed into the sum of three functions by subdividing its domain into three non-overlapping mutually orthogonal double pyramids. Each of the three functions is zero-valued outside one of the double pyramids and has values inside that double pyramid which are the same as those of Fourier transform of the object to be reconstructed at the same points. Inverse Fourier transforms of these individual functions can be calculated using the chirp z-transform. The outputs of these inverse transforms for the three functions are estimates of their values at points of the same rectangular grid. The function to be reconstructed is estimated for this grid by adding together the three inverse transforms. The whole process has computational complexity of the same order as required for the 3D fast Fourier transform and so (for medically relevant sizes of the data set) it is faster than backprojection into the same size rectangular grid. The design of the algorithm ensures that no interpolations are needed, in contrast to methods involving backprojection with their unavoidable interpolations. As an application, a 3D data collection method for MRI has been designed which directly samples the Fourier transform of the object to be reconstructed on concentric cubes as needed for the algorithm.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1976

Medical economics survey-methods study: design, data collection, and analytical plan.

This paper describes the background, methodology, data collection, and analytical plan of a pilot investigation conducted under contract for the National Center for Health Statistics during 1975. The objective was to determine the cost effectiveness of a variety of strategies under consideration for national application to develop previously unavailable information on utilization of, and the costs and payments for, health care. Detailed data on health care utilization and expenditures were collected periodically from a panel of 691 Maryland households over a six-month interval. Issues to be tested through a random experimental design include whether periodicity (monthly vs bimonthly interviews) and type of contact (in-person vs telephone) are significant factors in the cost effectiveness of this type of survey. An extensive record check involving all providers and third-party payers identified in the household survey was carried out. Record information will be used to 1) provide a basis for measuring accuracy of household data, 2) fill gaps in household knowledge, and 3) determine whether a subset of the record sources can provide adequate information for correcting household data. The household survey resulted in an initial response rate of 77.5 per cent with a subsequent attrition rate over six months of 13.6 per cent. Signed permission to access record data was obtained for 84.9 per cent of the individuals completing the entire survey. The most intensive survey strategy, monthly, mostly in-person contact, resulted in the lowest participation. The analytical plan presents details of the approaches to be taken in making judgments on the relative accuracy and completeness of data obtained by the various survey strategies and the contribution made by availability of data from record sources.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drugs of abuse: data collection systems of DEA and recent trends.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has several different systems for collecting information on drugs of abuse. One is an early warning system, which collects information to provide scientific data and interpretation on drug abuse. Another is the collection of data from evidence submitted to DEA laboratories. This is a review of the significance of the data in each system and an examination of some of the trends observed from the data.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1992

TCK: a clinical genetics data collection system.

This work examines the database design and user interface design for a clinical genetics data collection system known as TCK. A specific design goal is automatic generation of the CORN reports. Emphasis in this paper is on how the logical data model resulting from the database design, and the user interface work together to enforce the enterprise results pertaining to data. Data screens are shown, sample queries are explained and the data mapping to the CORN reports presented.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1979

Data collection for cross-sectional image reconstruction by a moving ring of positron annihilation detectors.

A ring of positron annihilation detectors capable of two independent motions in the plane of the ring is considered. It can rotate around its center, and the whole ring may move so that its center traces a circular path. Provided certain parameters are chosen according to given formulas, data collected by such a detector ring can be reorganized (rebinned), in a computationally very inexpensive fashion, so that the data items in each bin are measurements along parallel lines spaced at small equal intervals. Efficient high resolution reconstruction algorithms that assume such data organization can therefore be applied to data collected collected by a moving positron ring detector. The method is demonstrated on a realistic example.

Computers↗