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The conclusion was reached on the basis of statistically significant results that the tendency to cleft formation is significantly less in cast plates than in plastic plates, particularly in the region of the critical dorsal border zone.
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A longitudinal radiographic cephalometric and electromyographic investigation was performed on eighteen subjects provided with an immediate complete upper and a partial lower denture. The observation stages were: before final extractions and 7 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after denture insertion. The cephalometric analysis was based on measurements from lateral head films taken in centric occlusion. The EMG activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles was studied in postural position, light tapping and in maximal clench. The changes in jaw and occlusal relationships due to resorption of the edentulous maxillary ridge were slight, the mean decrease in occlusal vertical dimension during one year being 0.7 mm. The EMG clench activity at the pre-extraction stage, when the patients occluded on a residual anterior dentition, showed low mean values round 100 microV, and a further decrease was observed at the post-insertion stage. At the 1-year stage all muscles displayed significant increases to above the post-insertion level. The jaw muscle activity in light tapping and in postural position generally showed no significant mean changes during the observation period. The results indicate that preservation of a residual dentition in the lower jaw prevents marked changes in jaw and occlusal relationships and resulting changes in muscle activity.
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Laying the strain gauge on the design areas of palatal base and frenum labiorum of complete dentures and simulating the different shapes of notch of frenums by the photoelastic mould. The test of the base condition under static and dynamic load by electrical measurement method was carried out. The longitudinal breaking line on the front part of the palatal base was first observed. The causes of breaking may be due to: the weak effect of notch of frenum labiorum; stress concentration on the front part of the base; material fatigue caused by the repeated alternate force and the strength of base material reduced by unsuitable processing.
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The study assessed the number of missing teeth, the state of the existing prosthodontic appliances and the need for their replacement. Dental status and anamnesis were taken on a group of 120 elderly home residents by trained examiners. Prosthodontic appliances were evaluated according to the Karlsson's index for the crowns and bridges, and according to the modified Nevalainen et al. index for the evaluation of the complete dentures, as well as the need for prosthetic treatment. The most persistent teeth in both jaws were lower canines, while the most commonly missing teeth were lower first molars. On average, the crowns were older and in poorer condition than the bridges. Lower complete dentures had better stability but were also less retentive in comparison with the upper complete dentures. More than 82% of the subjects were in need of either fixed, removable or combined prosthodontic treatment. The high prevalence of needs for prosthodontic treatment pointed to the requirement for frequent dental check ups within elderly home residents in order to better identify and meet their dental needs.
UNLABELLED: This paper summarises a series of studies already published in German and presents new data related to the aetiology of the 'dry mouth' and its associated problems. AIMS: To study factors affecting mucous and serous salivary gland secretion, the aetiology of the 'dry mouth' and its associated problems, causative factors for hyposalivation and it's treatment. SETTING: Two university dental hospitals. SUBJECTS: 587 denture wearers and 521 control subjects, and autopsy material. INTERVENTIONS: Exercise, chewing, water, oestrogen, pilocarpine, and anetholtrithion therapy, biopsy of the minor glands. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Palatal secretion (PAL, microL/cm2/min) and parotid salivary flow (PAR), subjective complaints and clinical findings. RESULTS: Resting flow rates for PAL between 0 and 65 microliters/cm2/min were seen in every age group. The flow rates of PAR (0 to 3.7 ml/10 min) were not correlated with PAL. Most patients with a resting flow rate of PAL < or = 6.0 microliters/cm2 suffer from a 'dry mouth' and Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) or oral dysaesthesia (OD) with or without chronic lesions of the oral mucosa. Etiological factors for the incidence of reduced PAL and associated problems include xerostomic drugs, oestrogen deficiency, radiotherapy, thyroid dysfunction, smoking or continuous wearing of complete upper dentures. PAL also correlated with the retention of upper complete dentures. PAL was correlated with the water content of epithelial tissues. PAL and PAR were both increased by drinking ample fluid, improving their circulation by physical exercises, chewing intensively, or taking oestrogens, pilocarpine, anetholtrithion. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in palatal salivary secretion occurs and is clinically important.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the magnitude and direction of lateral forces exerted on the abutment tooth of a complete mandibular overdenture. A newly developed transducer was used for measuring forces. It was small enough to be embedded in the lower denture base, and could detect the magnitude and direction of forces. Five subjects, 38 to 77 years of age, with an edentulous maxilla and one or two canines remaining in the mandible were selected for this experiment. An upper complete denture and a lower complete overdenture with only one abutment tooth were fabricated for each subject. Forces exerted on the abutment tooth were measured during tapping and chewing of kamaboko (a Japanese cooked fish paste with soft consistency) and also peanuts, a few days and about 20 days after the denture insertion. The following results were obtained: (i) the average magnitude of lateral forces ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 kgf, and there were significant differences of the mean value between subjects; (ii) lateral forces were mainly observed on an imaginary line drawn through the experimental tooth (lower canine) and the opposite retromolar pad. There were no significant differences between the first and the second measurement.
Distal-extension lower removable partial dentures were used to study the effects of various types of opposing dentitions on the residual mandibular ridge. The opposing-dentition groups included complete upper dentures, removable partial upper dentures, and natural teeth. Changes in the bone of the lower residual ridge were measured by means of densitometry. A significant densitometric difference was found in the bone of the partially edentulous mandible between the group of subjects wearing complete upper dentures and the group with natural upper teeth. The reason for this difference is uncertain; however, several theories can be offered. These are (1) an inherent bone difference between the subjects in the two groups, implying a difference in the bone of the group that retained their natural upper teeth longer than did the complete denture group, (2) an increased frequency and/or duration of muscle pull on the mandible due to clenching of the teeth to stabilize the upper complete denture, and (3) the possibility of coincidence. None of the densitometric changes measured at +18 months was significant.