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Results for “Dermatitis, Seborrheic”

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PubMed1984

Seborrheic dermatitis in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Seborrheic dermatitis was diagnosed in an adult, rhesus monkey presenting with erythematous, exfoliative and focally exudative skin lesions distributed over the perioral, perirhinal and brow regions of the face. Similar areas of involved skin also were observed on the extremities. Lesions appeared to be exacerbated during increased experimental utilization. Histopathologic changes in skin biopsy specimens of affected skin included acanthosis, parakeratosis, spongiotic edema, vascular ectasia, and mild lymphohistiocytic infiltrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Seborrheic dermatitis and malignancy. An investigation of the skin flora.

The skin flora of patients with disseminated malignant disease and seborrheic dermatitis has been investigated and compared with controls as well as with otherwise healthy patients suffering from seborrheic dermatitis. Although significant differences were detected in both bacterial and yeast counts between different sites on the body, no significant qualitative or quantitative differences were found between the three groups of subjects. Whereas abnormalities of the skin flora have been described in seriously ill patients and in individuals subjected to occlusion, we were unable to demonstrate any changes in skin flora in patients with malignant disease and seborrheic dermatitis. Our results do not support the view that increased numbers of Pityrosporum yeasts are important in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed2001

Topical metronidazole in seborrheic dermatitis--a double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of topical metronidazole gel in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. METHODS: Forty-four patients with seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled in the study. All topical treatments were stopped for at least 2 weeks before the patients were allocated at random to receive either metronidazole 1% gel or placebo for 8 weeks. The severity score was measured at the initial evaluation, and the patients were followed up at 2-week intervals for 8 weeks. A global evaluation of improvement was done at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients completed the study; 21 patients in the metronidazole group and 17 patients in the placebo group could be evaluated. There was a statistically significant decrease of the mean score even at week 2; the difference became highly significant at 8 weeks (p < 0.001). On the final evaluation at 8 weeks, 14 patients in the metronidazole group showed marked improvement to complete clearance as compared to only 2 patients having moderate improvement in the placebo group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present trial has demonstrated the effectiveness of topical 1% metronidazole gel in seborrheic dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Association of Pityrosporum orbiculare (Malassezia furfur) with seborrheic dermatitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The possible causative role of the yeastlike fungus Pityrosporum (Malassezia) orbiculare in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis in patients with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been discussed but not resolved. Ten patients with AIDS-related seborrheic dermatitis were studied for the presence of Pityrosporum organisms. On the basis of a quantitative correlation between numbers of yeast cells adherent to and extruded from keratinocytes and the clinical severity of seborrheic dermatitis, an association, if not a causative role, for Pityrosporum is strongly suggested in seborrheic dermatitis in patients with AIDS. This association was further strengthened by the marked clinical response to ketoconazole in two patients with a concomitant decrease in the number of Pityrosporum cells per keratinocyte.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Double-blind treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with 2% ketoconazole cream.

Thirty-seven patients with seborrheic dermatitis were treated topically with a 2% ketoconazole cream or its vehicle control in a double-blind study. The subjects were studied for numbers of Malassezia ovalis (Pityrosporum ovale) cells in their scalp scale; changes in numbers of yeast cells and morphology of M. ovalis were tabulated along with clinical assessment of improvement. The 2% ketoconazole cream, but not the placebo cream, reduced the numbers of viable yeast cells on the scalp. The clinical effect of 2% ketoconazole cream was good (75%-95% improvement) or better in eighteen of twenty subjects; the placebo cream produced good results in only three of seventeen subjects treated. Results of this study are consistent with the view that M. ovalis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Superficial fungal infections: an update on pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea capitis, and onychomycosis.

The recent advances in pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea capitis and onychomycosis are reviewed. Some highlighted points include the new classification of Malassezia species, and the association of Malassezia species with seborrheic dermatitis. The use of terbinafine, fluconazole, and itraconazole for the treatment of tinea capitis is discussed. The management of onychomycosis, highlighting the high efficacy rates obtained with terbinafine when used to treat dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis, is discussed. The use of combination therapies in some circumstances to maximize cure rates is reviewed.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2007

Videocapillaroscopy in the differential diagnosis between psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Videocapillaroscopy (VCP) can be used to explore microcirculatory modifications in skin diseases. Psoriasis shows specific capillary alterations reflecting typical histopathological changes. OBJECTIVE: To compare capillary morphology, distribution and density in psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp for differential diagnosis. METHODS: VCP was performed on histology-confirmed scalp lesions of 30 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, 30 age- and sex-matched patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 30 healthy subjects. The morphology, mean density per mm(2) and mean diameter of capillary loops was measured. RESULTS: Scalp psoriasis exhibited homogeneously tortuous and dilated capillaries (bushy pattern), with a 73 +/- 17 mum (mean +/- standard deviation) diameter of capillary bushes. In contrast, scalp seborrheic dermatitis presented a multiform pattern, with mildly tortuous capillary loops and isolated dilated capillaries, but a substantial preservation of local microangioarchitecture. Mean diameter of capillary bush was significantly lower (27 +/- 4 microm; p < 0.001) and similar to that of the scalp of healthy subjects (21 +/- 5 microm). Capillary loop density was similar in patients with psoriasis (23 +/- 5/mm(2)) seborrheic dermatitis (24 +/- 2/mm(2)) and healthy scalp skin (24 +/- 3/mm(2)). CONCLUSION: VCP could be a useful noninvasive approach for differentiating between psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis, especially when the scalp is the only affected site.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ketoconazole 2% emulsion in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.

Fifty patients (42 men, 8 women) with seborrheic dermatitis were included in the trial. Ketoconazole 2% emulsion or the same emulsion without active drug was applied b.i.d. for 4 weeks. Two patients dropped out in the ketoconazole group and nine in the placebo group. Pityrosporum ovale was cultured from all patients at the start and from six out of 23 in the ketoconazole group versus nine out of 16 in the placebo group at week 4. The overall assessment showed a significantly better response to treatment for the ketoconazole emulsion (72%) than for the placebo (32%).

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMed1990

Seborrheic dermatitis and atopic eczema in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Diseases of the skin and visible mucous membranes are important signs of HIV infection. Dermatitis and eczema present mostly as seborrheic dermatitis. Thirty-one % of asymptomatic patients in seropositive latency period and up to 83% of AIDS patients present with this common symptom of HIV infection. Up to now there is no clear answer about the importance of atopic manifestations in AIDS. In children with pediatric AIDS, atopic eczema has been described in up to 50% of cases. In adult patients however there are contradictory results about the frequency of atopic diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative microbiology of the scalp in non-dandruff, dandruff, and seborrheic dermatitis.

The composition of the scalp microflora was assessed quantitatively in normal individuals and in patients with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, disorders characterized by increasing scaling. Three organisms were constantly found: (1) Pityrosporum, (2) aerobic cocci, and (3) Corynebacterium acnes. Pityrosporum (mainly Pityrosporum ovale) made up 46% of the total microflora in normals, 74% in dandruff, and 83% in seborvheic dermatitis. The geometric mean number of organisms per cm-2 in non-dandruff subjects was 5.04 times 10-5; 9.22 times 10-5 in dandruff subjects; and 6.45 times 10-5 in those with seborrheic dermatitis. The cocci were dominantly Baird-Parker type SII and no quantitative or qualitative change occurred in the scaling disorders. C. acnes comprised 26% of the flora on the normal scalp, 6% in dandruff, and only 1% in seborrheic dermatitis. These results differ significantly from previous reports which describe a much more complex microflora and suggest an etiologic role for microorganisms in dandruff.

Apicomplexa↗
PubMed1998

Biotin recycling impairment in phenylketonuric children with seborrheic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a therapeutic diet on serum biotin levels and to explain the seborrheic dermatitis in phenylketonuric (PKU) patients on a "loose" diet. DESIGN: Forty-seven patients were divided into two groups: group A (n=21) demonstrated good compliance to a special diet and group B (n=26) were on a "loose" diet. Most of the patients in group B (20/26), who suffered from mild seborrheic dermatitis, were requested to return to phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet for at least 15 days. Seventy-nine healthy children of comparable age were used as controls. Biotin serum levels and plasma biotinidase activity were measured in patients as well as controls. In addition, biotinidase activity was evaluated in vitro after incubation with various concentrations of Phe. RESULTS: Biotin levels in group A patients (636+/-118 ng/L) were statistically significantly elevated (P < 0.01) compared with those of group B patients before (412+/-184 ng/L) and after (501+/-160 ng/L) 15 days on a Phe-restricted diet, as well as with those of controls (337+/-290 ng/L). Furthermore, biotinidase activities were decreased in group B patients (4.2+/-1.68 nmol/min/L) compared with those of group A patients (6.4+/-0.7 nmol/min/L) and controls (6.10+/-0.8 nmol/min/L). Additionally, biotinidase activities in the patients of group B were restored to normal (5.78+/-0.81 nmol/min/L), with a simultaneous remission of their skin lesions, after 15 days on a Phe-restricted diet. Moreover, the in vitro findings showed a 51% inhibition of biotinidase activity when incubated with Phe (20 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the high biotin levels in group A patients reflect the intake of water-soluble biotin of vegetable origin. In contrast, the low biotinidase activity in group B patients may be attributed to their high Phe plasma levels, which acts as an enzyme inhibitor, as shown by the in vivo and in vitro results. Consequently, the observed seborrheic dermatitis in PKU children (group B) is associated with an impairment of biotin recycling.

Amidohydrolases↗