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PubMed2001

Diphyllobothrium latum infection after eating domestic salmon flesh.

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in Korea and only thirty seven cases have been reported since 1921. We report two cases of fish tapeworm infection after ingestion of raw cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) caught in the domestic river. Among four family members who ate together raw salmon flesh six months ago, just two, mother and daughter, were infected. It is our expectation that the salmon associated tapeworm infections would be enlisted as one of the major parasitic problems with the growing consumption of salmon in Korea.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An experimental study of the susceptibility of the snakehead Ophiocephalus argus to infestation by larvae of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum].

Experiments were made to infect young Ophiocephalus argus, the fish of prey delivered from eastern Asia in the Amu-Dar'ya River basin, outside the area of the broad tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum. The dalags were infected mainly by ingesting the local copepods Arctodiaptomus salinus, the experimentally invaded larvae of the broad tapeworm. The latter larvae were obtained from the development of eggs of the helminth isolated from strobilae from the patients treated in Perm Province. D. latum plerocercoids lived in the dalags nearly 3 weeks, then they died and lysed. Thus, the dalag cannot be a supplementary host of D. latum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrastructure of genital system ducts of Diphyllobothrium latum (Cestoda:Pseudophyllidae): the ducts of the female reproductive system].

The components of the female reproductive system of Diphyllobothrium latum, including ovary, ovicapt, oviduct, vitelline ducts, vitelline reservoir, vagina, seminal receptacle, ootype with unicellular Mehlis's gland, ootype-uterine duct and uterus were observed with the electron microscope. The epithelium of the female reproductive system ducts consists of a nucleate syncytial layer. Structural differences in apical surface of the ducts, the number of nuclei and organoids in syncytial layer as well as the number of underlaid muscles were revealed. The regional differentiations of the uterus wall were registered. The middle and distal region of uterus was covered with microtriches. The filamentous microtriches were observed in apical surface of vagina. The epithelium of seminal receptacle and distal region of uterus were underlaided by the powerful muscle layers. The fertilization canal was revealed. It was shown that the formation of egg shells implemented by the deposit of vitelline globules in their surface in the ootype-uterine duct. Structural and functional differences of different parts of female apparatus in various groups of cestodes are conditioned by species biology.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Infestation with the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum after eating raw fish].

A 31-year-old man with no relevant medical history encountered a white, ribbon-shaped object, 15 cm long and approximately 1 cm wide, in his faeces. It turned out to be Diphyllobothrium latum, a tapeworm that has fish as the intermediate host. The patient had eaten raw fish and shellfish during a holiday in Brazil 5 months before. He recovered after a single dose of praziquantel.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The history of the exploration of the Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle].

Diphyllobothrium latum typically occur in the subarctic and temperature zones of the Eurasian Continent, however it is also observed in the Arctic Region and Australia. Raw fish meat and raw shell-fish containing plerocercoids is the main source of human infections. Humans are the principial final host of D. latum. Under primitive conditions human excrements with immature tapeworm eggs are deposited anywhere. After embrionic development which occurs in the water, the eggs are transformed into coracidia. Two intermediate hosts (cyclop and fish) are needed for further development. The free-swimming coracidium must enter the stomach of different species of Copepoda. After contact with the intestinal juice of the cyclop, the coracidium loses its ciliated envelope and the hooks become mobile. The metamorphosis of the oncosphere to the procercoid occurs. The discovery of the procercoid done by Janicki and Rosen in 1917 implied that the missing link in the cycle of the broad tapeworm had been found. The copepod including the procercoid is consumed by the second intermediate host. The larvae escape from the digestive tract of the fish and are transformed into a plerocercoid. The plerocercoids develop slowly in the fish, and they must reach a certain degree of maturity to be capable of infecting the final host. Today the life cycle of the tapeworm is well recognized and well illustrated in parasitological textbooks and websites. In this paper the history of the exploration of the D. latum life cycle is described. Additionally the main scientific researches carried out on life stages of the broad tapeworm have been reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cestode egg production dynamics and fertility in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea)].

Dynamics of egg production of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum has been estimated experimentally in nestlings of the herring gull Larus argentatus per day and per reproductive period. The number of eggs in strobiles has been estimated for the maturation period. Mean egg production of the tapeworm per day (10.43 +/- 2.72 mln) is two orders of magnitude as high as the maximum number of eggs in a mature strobile (0.206 +/- 0.007). It is proposed to estimate coefficient of reproduction intensity as the ratio of egg output per unit of time and maximum egg number in a mature strobile.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A human infection of the cestode, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Yamane et al., 1986].

A mature cestode, obtained from a 49-year-old man in Fukuoka, southern Japan, was examined. The worm was about 70 cm in length without scolex. The largest segment was 1.8 x 0.8 cm. Cirrus sac lay at an obtuse angle (about 150 degrees) to seminal vesicle. The eggs were 62.06 +/- 9.40 x 43.33 +/- 6.43 microns and the shell thickness 1.0-1.5 microns, with round, shallow and sparsely distributed surface pits ranging 0.8-2.0 microns in diameter. The above features suggested that this worm was identified as the cestode, Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The survival of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum pleurocercoids during the processing of fish and sanitary helminthologic evaluation of the product].

Diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids' survival in salt water solutions of various concentrations and at various temperature was assessed. Conditions of salt treatment and freezing of the Baikal salmon assuring total release of fish from D. dendriticum plerocercoids are determined. The authors suggested differentiation in sanitary helminthological assessment of fish invasion rate by D. latum and D. dendriticum plerocercoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of praziquantel, an antihelminthicum, on the peptidergic nervous system of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum.

The effect of the antihelminthic substance Praziquantel on the peptidergic nervous system in the adult gull-tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum was tested. As well as increasing muscle contraction the drug provoked a fall in the amount and size of the peptidergic nerve terminals in the subtegumental region. The number of small clear vesicles in the terminals also fell.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Ultrastructural changes of the tegument on Diphyllobothrium erinacei and Hymenolepis nana treated with paromomycin sulfate in vitro].

The effects of paromomycin sulfate on Diphyllobothrium erinacei and Hymenolepis nana in vitro were examined morphologically with a scanning and a transmission electron microscope. D. erinacei was incubated for 3 and 6 hours at 37 degrees C in a culture medium, 0.85% physiological saline solution, containing 0.5% paromomycin sulfate. H. nana was incubated in the same medium for 3 hours only. The concentration of paromomycin sulfate was set basing on the results which Kitamoto (1968) reported as the concentration level in feces after administrations of this drug in a clinical survey. The effect of the drug on the surface structure in both worms appeared markedly in the neck region. Mechanisms of breakdown on the tegument were supposed as follows. First, microtriches were disconnected from the tegumental surface and many vesicles were formed in the cytoplasm of the tegument. Finally, the tegument layer was excoriated to exposed the basal lamina. In 6 hours incubation, this surface of the worm suffered more damage than that in 3 hours. The damage of the basal lamina as in the case of D. latum expelled from a man by paromomycin (Y. Tongu et al.), however, could not be observed in the present study in vitro. It suggests that the destruction of basal lamina usually observed with the expelled worms from clinically treated human might be due to the combined effect of digestive enzymes secreted from host and the mechanical impact of intestinal peristalsis. Some of the vesicles in the tegument may originate from mitochondria because the fine structure of cristae were occasionally observed remaining in the vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The ecology of Diphyllobothrium latum.

The life cycle of the broad tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum is discussed. To complete its development from egg to adult worm the parasite has to pass through two obligatory intermediate hosts before invading its final host. At each stage critical ecological parameters have to be encountered, among them oxygen concentration, light intensity and temperature. The first intermediate host, which remained unknown for a long time, is one of many copepod species; the second hosts are fish, notably species belonging to the genera Esox. Perca and Lota. The parasite remains in the latter until eaten by Man and his domesticates. The prerequisites for the parasite's development are precise, and the elimination of only one is sufficient to free an area of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Single dose treatment with praziquantel (Cesol R, EmBay 8440) of human cestodiasis caused by Diphyllobothrium pacificum.

Diphyllobothrium pacificum, a large tapeworm of seals, is often found as an accidental parasite of man in Perú. The main symptoms is causes are abdominal pain, meteorismus and flatulence, and diarrhea. We report the results of 32 single-dose (10 mg/kg weight) treatments with Praziquantel (Cesol R, EmBay 8440) in 31 patients. One of these patients was shown to be cured but presented a reinfection 270 days later, and required retreatment. Praziquantel was effective in all cases. All patients were clinically cured. No ova were found in stool examinations at 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment, while pretreatment stools were positive for ova with all the techniques used. The antiparasitic effect was evident in 11 cases which segments of the tapeworm were eliminated within the first 3 days of treatment: the fragments were all partially digested or autolysed. A treatment scheme incorporating a purge may be best, to recover the parasite in its entirety and thus ascertain cure with no repeated controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Ultrastructural changes in Diphyllobothrium latum from a man treated with paromomycin sulfate].

The effect of paromomycin sulfate on Diphyllobothrium latum in vivo in man was examined morphologically with a scanning and a transmission electron microscope. The worm used for this study was expelled from a man by treatment with paromomycin sulfate at 1 dose of 50 mg/kg. The surface of the neck region suffered great damage. The effect of paromomycin sulfate resulted in the progressive breakup of the microtriches and the tegument. Even the basal lamina was lost in some parts. As a result, the muscle layers were exposed directly to the air. In the immature proglottid, the basal lamina remained as an outermost surface, although paromomycin sulfate caused a great loss of the tegument. The mature proglottid was lacking microtriches in some parts. However, most of the tegument was covered with microtriches. The gravid proglottid remained without any loss of microtriches.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Temperature dependence of the arginase activity of the plerocercoids of Triaenophorus nodulosus and Diphyllobothrium latum].

The effect of temperature on the arginase enzyme activity in Triaenophorus nodulosus and Diphyllobothrium latum was studied. The temperature optimum of arginase of T. nodulosus (definitive hosts are fishes) is at 27 degrees while in D. latum it is at 57 degrees. It has been inferred that a certain preadaptation of some enzyme properties (temperature optimum, thermostabolity) to a temperature regime of a definitive host takes place. Biochemical mechanisms of preadaptation of enzyme systems of helminths to temperature are discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of host temperature on the fatty acid composition of the total and membrane lipids in the cestodes Eubothrium crassum and Diphyllobothrium dendriticum].

A comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fatty acid composition of total and lysosome membrane lipids of two cestode species Eubothrium crassum (from cold-blooded host) and Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (from warm-blooded host) has been carried out. It is shown that quantitative ratio of the fatty acids in the total and membranous lipids of the helminth of cold-blooded host was very similar whereas for the helminth of warm-blooded host fatty acid composition of membranous lipids was considerably more saturated compared with the one of total lipids. It is assumed that the high level of unsaturation of total lipids from D. dendriticum is associated with preadaptation mechanism of fatty acid spectra in parasites with the development coupled with a consecutive rapid change of different thermal regime habitats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New records of human diphyllobothriasis in Chile (1981-1992), with a case of multiple Diphyllobothrium latum infection].

Fifteen new human cases of diphyllobothriasis in Chile are reported, one of them a multiple case of infection by Diphyllobothrium latum. Five scolices and 28 m of strobila were recovered after treatment with Niclosamide in a male adult patient with multiple infection. In other 5 cases, after treatment, only one worm was recovered in each person and all corresponded to D. latum species; worms measured between 2.9 to 11.0m. In 9 cases, only the eggs of parasites were reported in the coprological exam. Thirteen cases were determined in the lakes area from south of Chile where infection by plerocercoids in salmonids is very frequent and the persons consume smoked and raw ("cebiche") fishes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single dose treatment with praziquantel for human Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense infections.

Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense is a large pseudophyllid cestode and one of the commonest parasites derived from fish in Japan. Three Japanese patients infected with D. nihonkaiense were treated with a single oral dose of 7, 23 or 25 mg/kg of praziquantel. All patients expelled the tapeworm with scolex, and no side effect was noted. This study indicates that single-dose treatment with praziquantel is effective against D. nihonkaiense infection.

Adult↗