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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Mechanisms by which childhood personality traits influence adult health status: educational attainment and healthy behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test a life span health behavior model in which educational attainment and health behaviors (eating habits, smoking, and physical activity) were hypothesized as mechanisms to account for relations between teacher ratings of childhood personality traits and self-reported health status at midlife. DESIGN: The model was tested on 1,054 members of the Hawaii Personality and Health cohort, which is a population-based cohort participating in a longitudinal study of personality and health spanning 40 years from childhood to midlife. OUTCOME: Childhood Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Intellect-Imagination influenced adult health status indirectly through educational attainment, healthy eating habits, and smoking. Several direct effects of childhood traits on health behaviors and health status were also observed. CONCLUSION: The model extends past associations found between personality traits and health behaviors or health status by identifying a life-course pathway based on the health behavior model through which early childhood traits influence adult health status. The additional direct effects of personality traits indicate that health behavior mechanisms may not provide a complete account of relations between personality and health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The effect of maternal smoking status, educational level and age on food and nutrient intakes in preschool children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

OBJECTIVE: Studies in adults have demonstrated that smoking status is associated with dietary quality, with smokers tending to have diets that conform less closely to guidelines on healthy eating than nonsmokers. However, there is very little information on the relation between children's dietary quality and parental smoking status. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between maternal smoking status and nutrient intake in preschool children, allowing for the possible confounding effects of maternal educational level and age at delivery. SUBJECTS: In total, 993 children aged 18 months participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. METHODS: Diet was assessed by a 3-day food record. Maternal smoking status and educational level and age at delivery were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, the children of smokers had significantly higher intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids and starch, and lower intakes of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). They were also less likely to have eaten poultry, buns, cakes and puddings, wholemeal bread and fruit, and more likely to have drunk sugar-sweetened soft drinks. Intakes of NSP and most vitamins and minerals increased significantly with increasing maternal education. Children of more highly educated mothers were less likely to have eaten chocolate, crisps and white bread, and more likely to have consumed wholemeal bread, fruit and fruit juice. CONCLUSIONS: The children of nonsmokers and more highly educated mothers consumed a diet that conformed more closely to current guidelines on healthy eating. These dietary differences may contribute to the excess of ill-health observed in the children of smokers and of less-educated mothers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Cigarette smoking behavior is strongly related to educational status: the CARDIA study.

The prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking were examined in 5,116 men and women ages 18-30 years including both blacks and whites of varied educational levels. Prevalence of smoking was approximately 30% in each race by gender subgroup after adjusting for age and education. The prevalence decreased with increasing education, from 54% among participants with less than a high school education to 12% among those with graduate degrees (P less than 0.001). Cessation rates followed a similar pattern, with former smokers twice as common among those with more education. Differences in smoking prevalence across occupational groups were largely explained by differences in educational achievement. More educated individuals smoked fewer cigarettes per day and chose brands with lower nicotine yield. Race and gender were not strongly related to smoking prevalence. However, among smokers, whites reported smoking 50% more cigarettes per day than blacks but the average nicotine and tar content of the cigarette was nearly three times higher among blacks than whites. The strong inverse relationship between education and cigarette smoking patterns has important implications for public health efforts directed at the prevention of cigarette smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Correlation between educational status, chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults 18-29 years of age: results of a 1998 comprehensive German health survey].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to investigate the association between educational attainment and the prevalence of chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk factors for the German population aged 18-29 years. METHODS: The data source is the Federal Health Survey 1998 (BGS98), which is representative for Germany. The response rate for the survey is 61.4%. Included in the analysis are 616 females and 637 males. Indicator for educational atteinment is the highest achieved school degree ("Abitur" n = 375, "mittlere Reife" n = 566, "Hauptschule" n = 312). RESULTS: For eight of the 43 items for self-reported diseases in the BGS98-questionnaire persons in the age group 18-29 yielded a higher prevalence than older adults. For altogether 11 diseases, which showed a prevalence greater than 3% in the age group 18-29 years, only minor associations with educational attainment were observed. Statistically significantly increased prevalences are observed for allergic disorders in persons with higher education and for long-term headache in persons with lower education. Regarding smoking, obesity and lack of sports activities remarkably and statistically significant education related differences are observed. The percentage of persons showing simultaneously two or three of these risk factors was 33% for study subjects with "Hauptschulabschluss" compared to only 8% for study subjects with "Abitur". CONCLUSIONS: Educational attainment is still a strong predictor for health behaviour. This finding should be considered in future health promotion compaigns.

Adolescent↗