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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Therapeutic usefulness of Keishi-bukuryo-gan for diabetic nephropathy.

Keishi-bukuryo-gan is a traditional herbal medicine, which is used clinically as a vascular system disorder-eliminating drug. In this study, its effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in experimental rats was investigated. The diabetic nephropathy model used in this study shows functional and morphological changes of the kidney resembling those seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Increased proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and decreased creatinine clearance, which are important parameters of renal function, were observed in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Pathological examination of the kidney revealed diffuse, nodular and exudative lesions and arteriolar hyalinosis. The deterioration of renal function was ameliorated in rats treated with Keishi-bukuryo-gan for 15 weeks and these results agreed with the renal histological findings. In addition, metabolic abnormalities mediated by persistent hyperglycaemia (the glycation reaction, excessive polyol pathway activity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolic abnormalities) were also observed. However, Keishi-bukuryo-gan reduced accumulation of advanced glycation end products, determined by measuring fluorescence, and serum lipid peroxidation, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels dose-dependently. Thus, this study indicates the potential therapeutic usefulness of Keishi-bukuryo-gan for retarding the progression of renal damage and suggests that its beneficial effects were due to its ability to improve metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutation causing von Willebrand's disease in Scottish Terriers.

Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) in the Scottish Terrier breed is a serious, often fatal, hereditary bleeding disorder. Elimination of the mutated gene by selective breeding is an important goal for the health of this breed. Although the standard protein-based tests are accurate for identification of affected Scottish Terriers, they are not reliable for the identification of carriers of the mutant gene unless multiple replicate assays are performed. A simple, highly accurate test for carriers of the disease is needed so that veterinarians can counsel clients on which animals to use in their breeding programs. The complete coding region of von Willebrand factor (vWF) complementary DNA (cDNA) was sequenced from an affected animal, and a single base deletion in the codon for amino acid 85 of the prepro-vWF cDNA that leads to Scottish Terrier vWD was identified. A highly accurate polymerase chain reaction assay was developed that can distinguish homozygous normal animals from those that are homozygous affected or heterozygous. In a voluntary survey of 87 animals provided by Scottish Terrier owners, 15 were carriers and 4 were affected with vWD, 2 of which had previously been shown to have undetectable vWF. The determination of the complete canine vWF cDNA sequence should facilitate the identification of additional vWD alleles in other breeds and other species.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Irritable colon].

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic, relapsing functional bowel disorder of unknown aetiology. Methods of studying intestinal motor function, nociception, and interactions of the central nervous system and enteric nervous system are not applicable for clinical use. The diagnosis is therefore made on the symptoms, but it is necessary to exclude relevant organic disease. Establishment of the diagnosis, information about the disorder, elimination of foods and other factors that provoke the symptoms, and a change in life-style are sufficient in most cases. Treatment is hampered by the lack of effective treatment and the psychological aspects. The therapeutic gain of drug administration is modest and the rate of response to placebo is high. Fibre supplementation, magnesium oxide or cisapride may be tried for constipation, diphenoxylate or loperamide for diarrhoea, and low dose tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin reuptake blockers for severe pain. The introduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists seems promising.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the composition of branched chain amino acids, taurine, and tryptophan on the amino acid metabolism in experimental models of alcoholism].

Ethanol withdrawal after forced alcoholization of rats according to Majchrowicz led to the development of amino acid imbalance in the pool of free amino acids in the liver (increasing levels of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and histidine, decreasing levels of glycine, lysine, threonine and taurine) and blood plasma (increasing levels of tyrosine and alanine, decreasing levels of most glycogen aminoacids, branched-chain aminoacids and Lys). Less profound changes were observed after prolonged alcohol intoxication (decreasing levels of alanine, ornitine, citrulline and increasing level of Glu in liver, increasing levels of sulfur-containing compounds, Asp and Lys in blood plasma). Amino acid mixture which contained branched-chain amino acids, taurine and tryptophan administered intragastrically was found to correct levels of sulfur-containing amino acids, threonine, lysine and isoleucine after ethanol withdrawal and to eliminate disorders in urea cycle, exchange of threonine, glycine and phenylalanine after prolonged alcohol intoxication.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[Psychosomatic aspects of encopresis].

37 children (aged 4 1/2-15 1/2 years) with encopresis were seen at the psychosomatic outpatient unit of the university children's hospital of Graz in the course of two years, comprising 1.8% of all our outpatients of that time (n = 2037). They had been referred to us by pediatricians general practitioners, welfare institutions and the local children's surgical hospital. Based an our observations and data-analysis of this heterogenic group we would like to suggest a subdivision of the new classification group of "elimination disorders" (307.70/307.60 DSM III-R) into three main subgroups; according to the use of the fifth digit in the DSM III-R (e.g. mood disorders 296.xx) we define: 307.71: primary infantile encopresis (group I); 307.72: primary reactive encopresis (group II a); 307.73: secondary reactive encopresis (group II b); 307.74: late "neurotic" encopresis (group III); 307.70: not otherwise specified NOS. Moreover, we hope to draw attention to the specific psychodynamics of this functional disorder, since we believe this to be a fundamental prerequisite for any successful therapeutic intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sex, age, body weight, and smoking on plasma viscosity.

The influence of age, sex, smoking, and body weight on blood plasma viscosity of a group of 639 healthy subjects was investigated in a randomized study. In order to determine the individual effects on a homogeneous collective of healthy subjects, all participants of this field study had to undergo physical examination, laboratory analysis, doppler sonography, and they were asked for a health history. The presence of disease or a disorder eliminated the participant from the study. Plasma viscosity was measured with the capillary tube plasma viscometer. Quality control according to clinical chemistry guidelines was conducted throughout the study to ensure the accuracy of the values measured being. It could be demonstrated that plasma viscosity is significantly elevated in healthy overweight subjects. However, a relationship between plasma viscosity and age, sex, and cigarette smoke inhalation could not be found.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Experimental control of unstable patterns and elimination of spatiotemporal disorder in nonlinear optics

A method based on Fourier filtered control signals for stabilization of unstable patterns in a nonlinear optical single feedback system is experimentally realized. The successful stabilization of the homogeneous solution and different stationary periodic patterns far above the pattern forming threshold as well as the elimination of spatiotemporal disorder above a secondary instability has been achieved. The temporal evolution of the control signal verifies the underlying philosophy of noninvasive control that changes only the linear stability of the systems' solution and not the solution itself.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[The induction and elimination of cytogenetic disorders in monkey lymphocytes following thiophosphamide action].

The dynamics of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in lymphocyte of monkey has been investigated after a thiophosphamide exposure. The process of induction and elimination of cytogenetic damages was described by the mathematical model. Developing the model in detail will allow to make a cytogenetic prognosis of remote consequences of mutagenic exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Eliminating iodine deficiency disorders--the role of the International Council in the global partnership.

Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage. WHO estimates that some 2.2 billion people are at risk from iodine deficiency in 130 countries. A programme of universal salt iodization was established in 1994 with the aim of eliminating the problem by 2000. This paper reports progress in this field, with particular reference to the primarily scientific role of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, a nongovernmental organization founded in 1986. It is now a multidisciplinary network of 600 professionals in 100 countries.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Sole BCR-ABL inhibition is insufficient to eliminate all myeloproliferative disorder cell populations.

Protein kinase inhibitors can be effective in treating selected cancers, but most suppress several kinases. Imatinib mesylate has been useful in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through the inhibition of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity. Imatinib mesylate has also been shown to inhibit KIT, ARG, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta, and potentially other tyrosine kinases. We have produced a mutant allele of BCR-ABL (T315A) that is uniquely inhibitable by the small molecule 4-amino-1-tert-butyl-3-(1-naphthyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and used it to demonstrate that sole suppression of BCR-ABL activity was insufficient to eliminate BCR-ABL(+) KIT(+)-expressing immature murine myeloid leukemic cells. In contrast, imatinib mesylate effectively eliminated BCR-ABL(+) KIT(+)-expressing leukemic cells. In the cellular context of mature myeloid cells and Pro/Pre B cells that do not express KIT, monospecific BCR-ABL inhibition was quantitatively as effective as imatinib mesylate in suppressing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. These results suggest that the therapeutic effectiveness of small molecule drugs such as imatinib mesylate could be due to the inhibitor's ability to suppress protein kinases in addition to the dominant target.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1989

Effect of liver disorders on ethanol elimination and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in liver and erythrocytes.

1. Liver biopsies were performed in healthy control subjects and in subjects with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease in order to examine alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+); EC 1.2.1.3] activities. Erythrocyte ALDH and ethanol metabolism were also investigated in the same subjects. 2. Fifteen per cent of the subjects studied (seven of 48 subjects tested) presented atypical ADH activity, characterized by elevated activity at pH 7.4 or 8.8 compared with that found in subjects with the usual ADH form. However, the ethanol elimination curves obtained in two subjects with atypical ADH were indistinguishable from the kinetics of the group with normal ADH. Subjects displaying atypical ADH activity showed normal liver and erythrocyte ALDH activities. 3. Considering only the subjects with the normal ADH form, hepatic ADH activity was unaltered in subjects with non-alcoholic liver disease (chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis) and in those with alcoholic steatosis. Subjects with alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis showed a lower ADH activity compared with the healthy control group. 4. In spite of the changes detected in subjects with alcoholic liver disease, curves of blood ethanol concentration after oral administration of 0.4 g of ethanol/kg were indistinguishable between the alcoholic hepatitis group and the control group. 5. Hepatic ALDH activity, assayed at 300 mumol/l acetaldehyde, was found to be diminished in all liver pathologies investigated, regardless of their aetiology. Nevertheless, erythrocyte ALDH activity was not modified in subjects with non-alcoholic or alcoholic liver disease. As a result of these findings, no relationship was found between hepatic and erythrocyte ALDH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Impact evaluation of efforts to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: : The objective of the present review is to assess the impact of universal salt iodisation in Nigeria during the last five years, with reference to some of the sentinel sites studied previously during a 1995 multi-centre study. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: : The method of goitre classification by palpation was employed using the new internationally accepted method in which the classification is simply graded as 0, 1 or 2. The multistage random sampling method was used and states and local government areas were already selected by virtue of their known status for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Schools were randomly chosen in each local government area and children aged 8-12 years in each school were determined. A percentage of the children was then included in the study to give a sample size greater than the minimum number allotted to the school. A total of 2372 schoolchildren (1420 males and 952 females) in 11 local government areas were examined; urine samples were collected from 537 children and analysed for urinary excretion of iodine. The method known as the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction was adopted, in which the iodide in the urine samples catalyses the reduction of ceric ammonium sulphate (yellow colour) to the cerous form (colourless) in the presence of arsenious acid. The degree of reduction in colour intensity of the yellow ceric ammonium sulphate is proportional to the iodine content in the urine sample. RESULTS: : The results from this study show that the median urinary iodine excretion for this sampled population in Nigeria, drawn mostly from IDD-endemic areas, is 14.65 microgram dl-1 with a mean value of 13.39 microgram dl-1. CONCLUSION: : This finding would suggest that Nigeria, in general terms, has achieved the goal of universal salt iodisation and should now focus its attention on constant monitoring in order to sustain this iodisation level.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Classification of stacking faults and their stepwise elimination during the disorder --> order transformation of nickel hydroxide.

Nickel hydroxide samples obtained by strong alkali precipitation are replete with stacking faults. The local structures of the stacking faults resemble the stacking patterns of different polytypic modifications that are theoretically possible among the layered hydroxides. This resemblance becomes a basis for the classification of stacking faults into different types. Each type of stacking fault produces a characteristic non-uniform broadening of peaks in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of nickel hydroxide. DIFFaX simulations aid the classification and quantification of stacking faults. Hydrothermal treatment of a poorly ordered nickel hydroxide slurry at different temperatures (338-473 K) and different durations (5-48 h) shows that the stacking faults are removed in a stepwise manner. The as-precipitated sample has 17-20% stacking faults of the 3R(2) variety, which evolve into the 2H(2) type at 413 K. The 2H(2) stacking faults persist up to 443 K. The stacking faults are completely removed only at 473 K. At this temperature an ordered beta-Ni(OH)(2) phase is observed.

Journal Article↗