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PubMed1977

[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections. General review of 31 cases of septicemia with endocarditis reported in the literature (author's transl)].

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is widely distributed in nature (animal, soil). It is commonly known as the causative agent of cutaneous lesions called "erysipeloid of Rosenbach". Only 31 cases of bacterial endocarditis have been reported in the literature. The etiologic diagnosis of Esysipelothrix infection was established by the presence of bacteria in blood cultures or heart-valve cultures. Immunological study is unusual owing to the rapid course of the infection. The histologic observation of heart lesions corroborates the diagnosis. The patient's receptivity depends on his occupation, general health (importance of rheumatic heart disease), sex (male), age (from 40 to 60 years old), but also on the season (from July to October) and climate (temperate). With the exception of the few cases where it is possible to recognize a portal of entry of infection or the appearance of typical cutaneous manifestations, bacterial endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix presents a clinical picture similar to that of most other bacterial endocarditis. The antibiotic treatment is an association of penicillin-streptomycin, administered in large doses over a period of at least four weeks. In spite of intensive therapy, many patients died.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Erythrocyte reagents in the study of Erysipelothrix antigens.

The activity of species-specific and type-specific antigens in various preparations isolated from the bacterial mass of standard strains of Erysipelothrix, and also in bacterial cells was studied by means of prepared erysipeloid erythrocyte antigen (species-specific and with general type- and species-specificity) and antibody (species-specific, with general type- and species-specificity as also with type-specificity only) diagnosticums. It has been demonstrated that the activity of these antigens differs in preparations from different strains, depending on the method of extraction. An efficient method of serotyping of Erysipelothrix, based on agglutination of erythrocyte antibody diagnosticums, was proposed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1978

Isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from tonsils of apparently normal swine by two methods.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the tonsils of 62 of 63 (98%) apparently normal pigs, using 2 procedures: (1) enrichment culture at 5 C followed by mouse inoculation, and (2) Wood's technique. There was no significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.01) in the sensitivity of erysipelothrix detection between the 2 procedures. Each of the isolates selected for identification had morphologic and tinctorial properties consistent with E rhusiopathiae and was identified by direct immunofluorescence.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

A case of multiple brain infarctions associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis.

A 63-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever and altered mentality. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple infarctions at the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and subcortical white matter with petechial hemorrhage, which was more easily seen on gradient echo images. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was cultured from her blood, and echocardiography showed septic vegetations in the mitral valve. She recovered fully after 6 weeks of appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Brain Infarction↗

PubMed2003

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septic arthritis.

We describe herein the case of a man with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septic arthritis and possible infective endocarditis. This is the first report in the English-language medical literature of septic arthritis caused by this organism.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Erysipelothrix tonsillarum isolated from dogs with endocarditis in Belgium.

Five strains of Erysipelothrix tonsillarum were isolated from dogs with endocarditis in Belgium. The identity and validity of the species was proved by serotyping, and biochemical and pathogenicity tests. All the isolates belonged to serovar 7 (E tonsillarum serovars); they produced acid from saccharose but did not induce any clinical sign of erysipelas in swine. These results suggest that some strains of E tonsillarum are a canine pathogen.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Application of the indirect enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Sera from swine and rats experimentally infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and field sera from swine were investigated for antibodies against E. rhusiopathiae using the microtiter enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and, for comparison, the growth test (GT) and the agglutination test (AT). In principle there was a good correspondence between the results of EIA and those of the two other methods, but EIA and GT were more sensitive than AT. On the basis of the evaluation pattern of GT and AT on swine sera, EIA titers of 1/320 were considered as "chronic erysipelas titers". Compared with GT and AT, the EIA has some advantages: it is not influenced by contamination of the test sera, it takes only a few hours and using the microtiter system it is easy and economical to perform.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1987

Effect of cyclophosphamide and carrageenan on resistance of mice to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) or carrageenan (CG) treatment was investigated to clarify the mechanism of resistance of mice to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection. In mice inoculated with attenuated E. rhusiopathiae, death occurred and bacterial growth in the spleen was enhanced only by CY treatment; in CG-treated mice, no death occurred and bacterial growth in the spleen was kept at a low level for at least 23 days, similar to that of nontreated control mice. These results indicated that polymorphonuclear leucocytes rather than macrophages may play an important role in the resistance of mice to E. rhusiopathiae infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Antiserum against culture filtrate is cross-protective for various serovars of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The protective effect of porcine antiserum prepared against culture filtrate (CF) of an attenuated strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (serovar 2) in mice to challenge with 20 virulent strains of 18 serovars and one type N was investigated. Passively immunized mice survived after challenge with serovars 1a, 1b, 2, 5, 6, 8 (strain Goda), 11, 12, 15, 16, 21 or type N, but 10-30% mortality occurred in immunized mice challenged with each strain of serovars 4, 7, 8 (strain 911), 9, 18 or 19 and 70% mortality to serovar 10 (strain 2179). All immunized mice died after challenge with serovar 20 (strain 2553). Non-treated control mice died after challenge with all serovars and the type tested.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1988

Mechanism of protection induced in mice against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection by treatment with porcine antiserum to the culture filtrate of an attenuated strain.

The mechanism of protection induced in mice against challenge with a virulent strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae by porcine antiserum to the culture filtrate (CF) of an attenuated strain was investigated. Death and bacterial growth in the spleens of mice challenged with the virulent strain were completely prevented by treatment with the antiserum. The protective effect of the serum was markedly decreased in mice in which polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) were depleted by cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment but not in mice in which macrophages were blocked selectively by carrageenan (CG). The phagocytic rate of PMN and the number of bacteria ingested by PMN were significantly higher in mice treated with the antiserum than in mice treated with normal serum. These results indicate that anti-CF serum exerts its protective effect by opsonic activity and that opsonized E. rhusiopathiae are eliminated mainly by PMN.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1989

Serological and pathogenic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from tonsils of slaughter pigs in Indonesia.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from tonsils of 245 (35.7%) of 687 apparently healthy slaughter pigs in Indonesia during the period of June 1987 to February 1988. A total of 150 of the 245 E. rhusiopathiae isolated could be serotyped within the 22 recognized serotypes. Serotype 2 was most prevalent with 23.7%, followed by Serotypes 11, 12, 1a, 5 and 6 representing 7.3, 5.3, 4.9, 4.9 and 4.1% of the isolates, respectively. The nine other serotypes (Serotypes 1b, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 19 and 22) combined to make up 11.0% of the isolates. Antibiotic-resistant strains were not found. Of 86 selected isolates belonging to various serotypes, 76 (88.4%) were highly virulent for mice (LD50 less than 10(3.0) colony-forming units). In swine, 40 (51.2%) of 78 isolates induced local or generalized urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation, and the remaining 38 isolates induced no clinical signs. Of 76 isolates used for challenge in the cross-protection study, 29 (38.2%) killed greater than 40% of mice immunized with an erysipelas bacterin marketed in Indonesia. A tendency to be refractory to the bacterin-induced immunity was observed in some isolates of various serotypes, but this characteristic was not consistent.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Immunological characterization of protective antigens prepared by alkaline treatment of whole cells and from the culture filtrate of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Culture filtrate and alkaline-extracted antigens from whole cells of an attenuated strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (strain Koganei: serovar 1a) were fractionated with ammonium sulfate; both induced protective immunity in mice. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration revealed three protein fractions in the alkaline-extracted antigen and four protein fractions in the culture filtrate antigen. A fraction in the alkaline extract (NaOH P-2) and in the culture filtrate (CF P-2) induced protection in mice against challenge with a different serovar strain (strain Agata: serovar 5). Anti-NaOH P-2 and anti-CF P-2 mouse sera were protective against different serovars. Glycoprotein fraction derived from CF P-2 antigen by affinity chromatography with Con A-Sepharose 4B did not show protective activity. Western blotting between the antisera (anti-NaOH P-2, Anti-CF P-2 and anti-Koganei strain) and the antigens (NaOH P-2, and sonicated antigens of Agata, Fujisawa and Koganei strains) showed strong recognition of the same bands at 62, 42 and 41 kDa.

Ammonium Sulfate↗

PubMed1993

Properties of a protective protein antigen of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a widely distributed mucosal commensal of the alimentary tracts of vertebrates. Antibodies to a 66-64 kDa protein released from the cell surface have been shown to be involved in protective immunity. Mice immunized with the purified 66-64 kDa protein from strain T28, serotype 2b were protected against challenge by the United States challenge strain E1-6P (serotype 1a) and by the official German challenge strain Frankfurt 1 (serotype N). Thus, protection is not serotype specific, a result consistent with previous observations that polysaccharide, non-proteinaceous antigens are the type specific antigens useful in serotyping. The 66-64 kDa protein appears to be most immunogenic when complexed to glycolipid. This may be due to an adjuvant effect of polysaccharide antigens. Further studies on the correlation between antibody titers to the 66-64 kDa protein and protection in pigs, turkeys and mice in vivo should be helpful in developing a basis for an in vitro assay to replace the mouse protection test in vaccine testing.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Protective activity and antigenic analysis of fractions of culture filtrates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The protective activity in mice and antigenic composition of the culture filtrate of 11 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were compared. Protective activity was found in the first (P-1) fraction obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of the culture filtrate of each strain. Comparing the 50% protective dose (PD50) of the P-1 fraction of the 11 strains by active immunization, highly protective activity was shown by 5 strains, such as Agata, Fujisawa, Shizuoka-63, Koganei 65-0.15 and SE-9. For the 50% effective dose (ED50) determined by passive protective studies, the four strains, Agata, Fujisawa, Koganei 65-0.15 and SE-9 were shown to be highly protective. However, strains 2179 and 2553 showed low activities in both PD50 and ED50. The highly and weakly protective strains were compared by western blot analysis for the protein components. In most strains tested, there were two protein bands of molecular weight of 64 kDa and 43 kDa. Therefore, these two structural proteins were common to the strains and were associated with stimulation of a protective effect in mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in chickens inoculated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

In a first experiment, 28 specific pathogen-free chickens aged 3 weeks showed clinical signs 1 to 5 days after intramuscular inoculation with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Twelve of 28 birds died 2 to 4 days after inoculation. Macroscopically, the liver, spleen and kidneys were seen to be enlarged and congested. Histologically, fibrinous thrombus formation, seen in the hepatic sinusoids, renal glomerular capillaries and small pulmonary blood vessels, was a characteristic feature. In addition, the liver showed marked congestion, increase of mononuclear cells and heterophils in the sinusoids, hyperplasia of sinusoidal lining cells, and vacuolar changes in hepatic cells. The spleen showed fibrinous exudation of the lymphoid follicles and ellipsoids with lymphocytic depletion, and hyperplasia of ellipsoidal reticular cells. There was oedema, congestion and cellular infiltration in the interstitium of the kidney. The bursa of Fabricius and thymus showed marked lymphocytic depletion. In a second experiment, the blood chemical values (uric acid, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) of birds inoculated intramuscularly with E. rhusiopathiae were significantly higher than those of uninfected controls. The blood prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times of the inoculated group were significantly greater than those of the control group. The pathological and haematological findings demonstrated that E. rhusiopathiae induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in the chickens.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Vaccine efficacy of the attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae YS-19 expressing a recombinant protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.

The attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae YS-19 strain was constructed for the purpose of delivering the C-terminal portion of the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin to the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract of pigs. In this study, the efficacy of the YS-19 vaccine against mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine was evaluated. Animal experiments revealed that intranasal immunization of pigs with the YS-19 strain significantly reduced the severity of pneumonic lung lesions caused by M. hyopneumoniae infection. In YS-19-immunized pigs, P97-specific serum antibodies were not detected. However, when stimulated with the P97 protein, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the YS-19-immunized pigs had a significantly higher stimulation index (P<0.05) than that of cells from control pigs at 7 days post-challenge.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗

PubMed1986

Possible role of neuraminidase in the pathogenesis of arteritis and thrombocytopenia induced in rats by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The role of the neuraminidase produced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) in the pathogenesis of arteritis and induced thrombocytopenia was examined using young and adult rats. There was a close correlation between bacterial invasion, desialation and cell infiltration in the common iliac artery. E. rhusiopathiae induced arteritis from the second and third day after inoculation with 3 X 10(8) viable bacteria in the young and adult rats, respectively. This delay with age was closely related to the increase of free sialic acid in the plasma. The sites invaded by E. rhusiopathiae coincided with the desialated lesions, and the bacteria invaded the periarterial region which was always accompanied by desialation when examined with FITC-conjugated peanut lectin. The free sialic acid in the plasma was, at least partly, considered to originate from the desialation of the arterial wall caused by E. rhusiopathiae. The platelet number decreased significantly after inoculation. The sialic acid content of the platelets prepared from circulating blood at 12 and 18 hours after inoculation showed a slight decrease and decreased further when the platelets were incubated with the bacteria. Platelets obtained from circulating blood within 24 hours after inoculation or incubated with the bacteria had demonstrated desialated sites as detected by immunofluorescent staining with FITC-conjugated peanut lectin. In conclusion, free sialic acid in the plasma was considered to be a good marker of the desialation of the arteries caused by E. rhusiopathiae, and the neuraminidase produced by the bacteria would be a key to solve the pathogenesis of the arteritis and thrombocytopenia.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1987

Adhesion of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to cultured rat aortic endothelial cells. Role of bacterial neuraminidase in the induction of arteritis.

The adhesion of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) to the cultured confluent monolayer of rat aortic endothelial cells (EC) and the role of neuraminidase in the interaction between EC and E. rhusiopathiae were examined. One EC line was obtained by collagenase treatment of rat aorta. The EC showed a typical cobblestone appearance and possessed the factor VIII related antigen. When cultured more than two weeks after reaching confluence, the EC formed a vascular plexus-like appearance. E. rhusiopathiae began to adhere to EC within 2 minutes after the beginning of culture and adhered at a constant rate for 20 minutes. The adhesion of bacteria to EC was closely related to the release of sialic acid from the EC. Significantly more bacteria adhered to neuraminidase treated EC, and bacterial adhesion was inhibited dose-dependently by N-acetylneuraminic-lactose, which is the substrate of bacterial neuraminidase. It is concluded that bacterial neuraminidase plays an essential role in initiating the interaction between EC and E. rhusiopathiae, which would contribute to the genesis of arteritis.

Animals↗