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PubMedDate not supplied

User preferences for contraceptive methods in India, Korea, the Philippines, and Turkey. World Health Organization Task Force on Psychosocial Research in Family Planning and Task Force on Service Research in Family Planning.

Research was conducted to determine the patterns of contraceptive choice in four developing countries and to investigate the association between method selection and demographic/socioeconomic variables, future family planning intentions, and users' perceptions of methods and preference for personnel. After listening to a balanced presentation of information on the methods, each woman indicated her choice and was then interviewed to determine her reasons for selecting that method. The pattern of contraceptive selection differed from the previous pattern of contraceptive use in each clinic, and this suggests that the presentation of balanced information combined with the provision of a free choice of methods is a useful approach to the assessment of the demand.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The natural family planning--lactational amenorrhea method interface: observations from a prospective study of breastfeeding users of natural family planning.

Methods of natural family planning are sometimes difficult for women to use during lactation. When this is so, the lactational amenorrhea method may prove useful. Researchers agree that a fully breastfeeding woman who is amenorrheic is 98% protected from pregnancy for up to 6 months after delivery. The fertility status of 74 users of natural family planning during the time they would have been protected by the lactational amenorrhea method is examined. Underlying hormonal profiles show that there was little ovarian activity during this time. Eight ovulatory events occurred during the period of protection by the lactational amenorrhea method, of which four fulfilled minimum criteria for adequacy; there were no pregnancies during this period. However, some women did report experiencing fertile mucus symptoms during this time that were often unrelated to estrogen production. Using the lactational amenorrhea method rather than natural family planning allows them to avoid unnecessary abstinence.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1999

European multicenter study of natural family planning (1989-1995): efficacy and drop-out. The European Natural Family Planning Study Groups.

BACKGROUND: Effectiveness studies in natural family planning (NFP) published over the past 20 years have shown a wide range of contraceptive efficacy and acceptability. This seems to be due in part to different NFP methodologies. Consequently, we decided to carry out an effectiveness study in Europe to examine one group of the most widely spread NFP methods, the symptothermal methods. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1995, 15 NFP groups from 10 European countries participated in a prospective European multicentre study. This paper reports on 1328 women aged between 19 and 45 years and willing to participate for at least 12 cycles. Two types of symptothermal methods were mainly used, the symptothermal double-check methods (1046 women, 16865 cycles of exposure, 34 unintended pregnancies) and the symptothermal single-check methods (214 women, 1495 cycles of exposure, 13 unintended pregnancies). The study was an observational study with prospectively collected data. The pregnancy rates, drop-out rates and lost-to-follow-up rates are presented separately for both subgroups according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: For the double-check methods, there was an unintended pregnancy rate of 2.61% at the end of the first 12 cycles of use (standard error or SE 0.55%), a drop-out rate for difficulties or dissatisfaction of 3.9% (SE 0.69%) and a lost-to-follow-up rate of 3.1% (SE 0.62%). In the single-check group, there was a total of 13 unintended pregnancies at the end of the first 12 cycles of study participation, giving an unintended pregnancy rate of 8.5% (SE 2.52%), a drop-out rate for difficulties or dissatisfaction of 3.0% (SE 1.76%) and a lost-to-follow-up rate of 23.4% (SE 4.35%). No pregnancy was observed in women over 40 years of age. Most pregnancies occurred because of deliberate unprotected intercourse in the fertile phase ('user failure'). CONCLUSIONS: The symptothermal double-check methods have proved to be effective family planning methods in Europe. The low drop-out-rate for difficulties or dissatisfaction with NFP shows the good acceptability.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The evaluation of family planning services given in Erzurum mother-child health and family planning centerin Eastern Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: This study was done on women who attended to Mother-Child Health and Family Planning (MCH-FP) center asking for FP services or materials. Data were collected about their opinion of the services and about the performance of the service itself. METHODS: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study composed of 235 women. RESULTS: In Family Planning, counseling was done by midwifes in 67.3%, by nurses in 26.6%, and only 4.5% by doctors. Proper hygienic conditions were confirmed by 89% of the women, about the equipment the percentage was 91%. Privacy was taken care of properly in 95.5% of the cases. The quality of service with regard to waiting was expressed as not waiting at all in 22.6%, and 76.6% found free seats while waiting. The cleanliness of the waiting hall was appreciated by 97.4%. In general 95.7% of the attendants appreciated the kindliness of the staff. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that the performances of the MCH-FP service are well appreciated by the public.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Family planning training in Maryland family practice and obstetrics/gynecology residency programs.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent of family planning and abortion training in Maryland family practice (FP) and obstetrics/gynecology (OB) residency training programs. METHODS: All final-year residents in every FP and OB residency training program in Maryland were asked in 1998 how many cases (0, 1-10, > 10) of ten methods of contraception and abortion they had managed. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent (55) of the 73 residents responded. Fifty percent of FP residents had never inserted an intrauterine device (IUD), 43% had never inserted an implant (Nor-plant), 37% had never prescribed emergency contraceptive pills, and 30% had never fitted a diaphragm. Ninety-seven percent of FP residents had no experience with elective termination of pregnancy, and 83% had no experience with sterilization. Twenty percent of OB residents had never inserted an IUD, 16% had never inserted implants or prescribed emergency contraceptive pills, 20% had never fitted a diaphragm, and 36% had no experience in elective termination of pregnancy. Not one FP resident had inserted or fitted more than ten IUDs, implants, diaphragms, or cervical caps. Except for oral and injectable contraception, the majority of OB residents had not managed more than ten cases of any other reversible contraceptive method: 80% had not inserted more than ten IUDs, 72% had not inserted more than ten implants, 88% had not fitted more than ten diaphragms, and 100% had not fitted more than ten cervical caps. CONCLUSION: These survey results indicate a need for more formal instruction in most contraceptive methods for OB and FP residency programs in Maryland. This study concurs with previous national studies showing deficits in family planning training.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMed1982

Breast-feeding and family planning: a review of the relationships between breast-feeding and family planning.

A number of interrelated factors must be considered when breast-feeding is introduced as a concern for family planning programs: the number of pregnancies and births experienced, age at each pregnancy and birth, duration of the intervals between conceptions, lactation including duration and type, health and nutritional services available to meet the demands of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum care. The dietary intake of the mother and her health and disease status have an effect on the duration of breast-feeding, and lactation has an effect on her ovulation and birth spacing. Those at particularly high risk include adolescent girls, older grand-multipara women, and families living in poverty. An historical relationship between the reduction in infant and childhood mortality and the falling off of births can be documented. The straightforward benefits on nutritional status of breast-fed infants, the conjunction with the antibody protection afforded by breast milk, served to reduce infant mortality and indirectly served to reduce birth rates. In addition, the prolongation of postpartum anovulatory cycles in breast-feeding women, coupled with sexual mores that postpone sexual relations while a women is breast-feeding in certain groups, will serve to prolong the interbirth intervals. Populations where breast-feeding is customary have been shown to have fewer births than populations where the women do not breast-fed and where infants are artificially fed.

Age Factors↗