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PubMedDate not supplied

[The mutagenic action of radioactive contaminants of feed and food products on strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium].

Radionuclide-polluted slices of beef (2775 Bq/kg), pork (274.8 Bq/kg), potato (159.0-444.0 Bq/kg), carrot, garden beet, kidney bean and sorrel (44.5-460.0 Bq/kg) have been studied for their mutagenic effect on the tester strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium and this index as a rule correlates with the level of the slices pollution. On the other hand the slices of cabbage and samples of rye and wheat (46.0-460.0 Bq/kg) as well as fish (2314.0 Bq/kg) had no mutagenic effect on these strains. The samples of milk (230.0-581.5 Bq/1) also did not evoke the increase of mutagenesis level while high concentrations of these preparations (20 mg/ml, and above) manifested toxic effect on the mentioned strains.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Attitude of a group of Belgian stakeholders towards proposed agricultural countermeasures after a radioactive contamination: synthesis of the discussions within the Belgian EC-FARMING group.

In the case of radioactive contamination of the environment with an impact on the food chain, the remediation strategy will not only be based on scientific knowledge and technical experience, but will also be dictated by peculiarities of the country. These characteristics include the agro-industrial structure, the local and international economical contexts and the political configuration including the distribution of responsibilities and competencies. This paper identifies and illustrates the most relevant characteristics of the Belgian agricultural system and political environment; it also describes the past experience with food chain contamination, which is expected to influence the attitude of Belgian stakeholders, who would be involved in the setting up of countermeasure strategies for maintaining agricultural production and food safety. The picture drawn explains why several countermeasures aiming to reduce the contamination in food products, although scientifically sound and technically feasible, are hardly acceptable or even not acceptable at all, to the stakeholders.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1993

Using a bank of predatory fish samples for bioindication of radioactive contamination of aquatic food chains in the area affected by the Chernobyl accident.

From the analysis of experimental data on radioactive contamination of various fish, it is suggested that predatory fish specimens can be used as bioindicators of radionuclide accumulation in reservoir food chains of the Chernobyl emergency area. The increased content of cesium radionuclides were detected in the muscle tissue of predatory fish collected in various regions of the Chernobyl emergency area. In most of the water bodies studied, maximum contamination levels of predatory fish by radionuclides of cesium occurred in 1987-1988, whereas in 'nonpredatory' fish the concentration of cesium was maximum, as a rule, in the first year following the accident. The exposure doses of fish of various ecological groups and ages are estimated. The exposure doses of various population groups, using fish from contaminated water bodies, are also estimated. When forming the environmental data bank for the Chernobyl accident zone it is suggested that perch, pike-perch and pike be used as bioindicators of radioactive contamination of food chains.

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

Measurements of induced radioactivity in electron- and photon-irradiated beef.

Samples of beef were irradiated with electrons of approx. 10- and 13.5-MeV energies or with 60Co gamma-ray photons (1.17 and 1.33 MeV). Induced radioactivity was measured with a gamma-ray spectrometer, consisting of a Ge(Li) detector and a multichannel analyzer. No induced radioactivity could be detected in the photon-irradiated samples; also for 10-MeV electrons the activity was below the detection limit. The irradiation by 13.5-MeV electrons, however, resulted in measurable radioactivity and the amount of 13N-activity was in agreement with previously calculated values. These measurements confirm previous conclusions that irradiation of food with electrons at 10 MeV or even at 13.5 MeV does not constitute any health risk due to radioactivity. Part of the induced radioactivity from 13.5-MeV electron irradiation is due to neutron capture, and the results suggest that several neutron sources contribute to the measured radioactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A dosimetric determination of 137Cs ingestion from global fallout and the related risks to Japanese.

137Cs released from atmospheric nuclear detonation tests has been transported worldwide in the environment and finally taken up by humans through various pathways. In particular, ingestion pathways are important for evaluating the human health risks caused by the chronic global low-level radioactive contamination. In this research, the mathematical model for the evaluation of the dietary intake of 137Cs and the related risks to Japanese are proposed by coupling the previously published global 137Cs distribution model with the regional models such as various food ingestion models and the model of the domestic and international supply. Predictions from the proposed model were compared with the monitoring data of 137Cs in Japanese total diet as an attempt at validation. The major findings obtained in this research include that the proposed model is promising for evaluating the risk to Japanese health caused by the dietary intake of global radioactive fallout 137Cs, the 137Cs is taken up by Japanese mostly through farm products, the ingestion of 137Cs through imported foods is increasing, the risk to the Japanese health of inducing cancer by 137Cs internal exposure reached a maximum in 1963, gradually decreasing to the lowest present level, and the risk to infants is the highest.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A radiation-hygienic appraisal of biosphere contamination with 129I.

Data are reviewed supplied by the author and other investigators on 129I formation, migration, the level of foodstuffs contamination and biological effectiveness of the nuclide. An appraisal is made of the biological hazards associated with environmental contamination with a view to the prospective development of the nuclear energy industry. It is concluded that the contribution of 129I to the radiation dose humans receive is extremely small as compared to other anthropogenic sources of radiation. In the light of the current knowledge, the possibility of somatic and genetic effects due to the contamination of the biosphere with 129I is negligible.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2004

Removal of 137Cs in Japanese catfish during preparation for consumption.

Japanese catfish contaminated by (137)Cs have been used to investigate how dressing and cooking methods affect the removal of radioactivity from the fish. During the dressing, 6.0% of the initial (137)Cs activity in live fish was removed by washing them, and a further 30.3% of this activity relative to the washed fish was removed by discarding the nonedible body parts (such as the skeleton, fins, visceral mass, liver, and kidney) and by washing the chopped edible remains. Fish curry was cooked with various spices, vegetable oil, and greens and other vegetables following a method commonly used in Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The cooking process removed a further 61.6% of the (137)Cs activity relative to the activity in dressed fish. Taken together, this normal domestic fish dressing and culinary process removed 74.7% of the initial (137)Cs activity that had been present in the live fish. During the cooking, the radioactivity removed from the fish pieces was found to be distributed throughout the ingredients of the curry. The cooked pieces retained, on average, 38.5% of the radioactivity present in the raw dressed pieces. Among the ingredients, the gravy was found to contain an average of 34.8% of the activity of the dressed fish. The activity in greens and vegetables was found to vary from 4.0% (in cauliflower) to 7.2% (in potatoes). It may be concluded that normal home preparation and culinary processes removed much of the radioactivity from the fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[A survey of radioactive levels of agricultural products in Saitama Prefecture].

Past atmospheric nuclear testing which have been conducted frequently, have caused environmental pollution due to the diffusion of radioactive substances into the atmosphere and from the radioactive fallout. The environmental pollution from nuclear testing into the atmosphere has resulted in the radioactive contamination in agricultural products and has continued for a long time. The radioactive contamination of agricultural products occurs through air, water and soil which were contaminated by radioactive fallout. In this paper, for the purpose of analyzing the extent of the radioactive contamination levels in the agricultural products of Saitama Prefecture, spinach, green soybeans, dried shiitake and welsh onion, were selected among products, as the amount of the harvest is abundant in all of Japan. Radioactivity concentration was investigated by gamma ray spectrometry and radiochemical analysis. The radioactivity concentrations of artificial radioactive nuclides, cesium-137 (137Cs) and strontium-90 (90Sr), were detected in the range which is considered to be the result of radioactive fallout. Moreover, in order to examine the effect on radioactivity concentrations in agricultural products by culinary processing, the raw agricultural products were boiled, and their radioactivity concentrations were compared with the raw produce. The radioactivity concentrations in the boiled were lower than those in the raw produce.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2002

[Radioactivity for 137Cs, 125I, 131I, 59Fe, y 57Co windows from foods included in the basic alimentary basket and in the water, consumed in the state of Carabobo, Venezuela].

One of the input ways of radionucleids into the organism is through food intake. The aim of the present study is to measure the radioactivity levels in food and water samples within energy windows corresponding to 137Cs, 125I, 131I, 59Fe, and 57Co. Samples were taken from local and imported food belonging to the venezuelan basic alimentary basket and included: beef meat, hen egg, chicken bone, tomato, black bean, rice, powder milk from local dealers or imported from Italy and New Zeeland, potable water from the Valencia city aqueduct and bottled water from local sources or imported from Portugal. Radioactivity was measured with a well type Nal (TI) scintillation counter. Analyzed foods and water presented levels lower than the minimal detectable activity for 137Cs, 131I, 59Fe, 57Co, but it was detected in the Valencia city aqueduct water and in bottled water imported from Portugal, levels greater than the minimal detectable activity for the 125I energy window. These results strongly suggest the need of repeated multienergy windows monitoring of radioactivity of basic alimentary basket foods and potable water.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Effect of stomatal opening on the transfer of 131I2 from air to grass.

The effect of stomatal opening on the air-to-trass transfer of molecular iodine gas (I2) was studied in a small environmental chamber with an airflow rate of about 1 m/sec above the grass. Measured stomatal densities and stomatal areas were used to determine the per cent of Bromegrass leaf area composed of stomatal openings (As). The transfer parameter Pt(g-1) (analogous to the normalized transfer velocity) was found to be directly dependent upon stomatal opening as measured by As: Pt = 2.21 X 10(-4) + (4.60 X 10(-4) As. The maximum value of Pt observed was 5.43 X 10(-4) g-1 or 2.4 times that observed for As approximately 0. This proportionality to pore area is in agreement with measured diffusion rates through perforated metal screens. It was also found that Bromegrass is far from a "perfect sink" for sorption of 131I2, a fact which must be considered in the development of models of radioiodine transfer. Retention of radioiodine by contaminated foliage is dependent on the radioiodine transfer process and the implications of the current results are indicated.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed2005

The possible contribution of 129I in the drinking water and food supply to the nodular formation of thyroid tissue.

Nodular formation of the thyroid tissue can occur as a result of exposure to radiation. The nodular goiter is a common disease seen in the city of Elazig and its surroundings, in the eastern part of Turkey. A prospective study was conducted in an effort to identify the role of 129I in drinking water supply. Specimens obtained from nodular and normal thyroid tissue during surgery and also water specimens were counted by nuclear spectrometric system. 129I radioactivity in nodular tissue was noted to be higher compared to normal tissue and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p >0.05) between 129I radioactivity in the water supply and tissue obtained from the patients who have malignant or benign nodular lesions. These results support that the 129I radioactivity level in the water supply is one of the risk factors of the nodular formation of the thyroid tissue in the eastern part of Turkey.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The logistics of food supply following radioactive fallout.

Discussions at the national level about critical infrastructure and its vulnerability are more common now following the events of September 11. The National Emergency Supply Agency organised a training exercise to test the logistics of food supply following passage of a plume containing radioactive material over a district in Finland. This short paper summarises the problems that had to be faced and suggests a way forward for improving emergency preparedness in this area.

Animals↗