Infection control components of a home care employee health program.
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The distribution and control systems for controlled substances were evaluated. A mail survey of other hospitals was conducted to obtain samples of control substance systems and the associated procedures. From these samples of existing programs and previous experiences with the current program, a system was designed to meet the needs of an 800-bed hospital with a decentralized pharmacy distribution system. The new distribution and control system completely replaced the prior system. Therefore, new forms and procedures were generated. The total system was implemented in a stepwise procedure in two-week increments over approximately 14 weeks until the entire hospital was converted. The new system has increased control as well as identified workload, inventory utilization, and problem areas.
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Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) is an innovative method for delivering intravenous analgesia, which requires therapeutic and technical expertise from various health care professionals. This article describes a multi-disciplinary process of implementing a PCA program including approaches to solving problems encountered. A pharmacy and therapeutics subcommittee was established with various aspects of the program assigned to the medical, nursing and pharmacy staffs, intravenous (IV) therapy team, and clinical equipment support. A detailed comparison of PCA pumps was prepared to aid in selection. A pharmacy-based protocol describes the role of each health care professional. Usage guidelines are presented and evaluated. Physician order sheets and narcotic disposition forms were designed specifically for PCA. Problems encountered include dedicated IV access, PCA use in specialized hospital units, and use in pediatric patients. A multi-disciplinary approach was successful in implementing and maintaining a quality PCA program. Similar approaches should be used for other sophisticated drug-delivery systems.
The urgent need to trim costs is apparent in hospitals across the country. One target for internal belt-tightening is business forms. Pick-and-pack programs are computerized just-in-time storage and delivery systems developed specifically to reduce a facility's administrative costs for forms. Under pick-and-pack, business forms are stored in a central location, which is connected to either the facility's or a vendor's computer system. Forms are shipped directly to the requesting user as needed. The result is substantial reduction in labor, inventory investment, and storage space. The system provides all the information necessary to keep inventory at optimum levels, while meeting stocking needs and minimizing inventory investment. Better yet, pick-and-pack provides a monthly summary billing, significantly reducing administrative processing costs. Of additional help to the hospital is a report that allocates charges by cost center and includes important data for budgeting and cost control.
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