Is red-cell creatine metabolic garbage?
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This paper calls for studies of the potential health implications of today's hazardous waste disposal practices, and suggests that such studies are urgently needed in Third World countries where industrial nations are increasingly dumping their unwanted waste materials. The United States produces enormous quantities of hazardous waste each year, and approximately 1,200 "priority hazardous waste sites" presently threaten the nation's health. Because of environmental regulations, landfill closings, and citizen opposition to local waste facilities, industrialized countries are increasingly disposing of their problematic materials by shipping them to the Third World, where they pose substantial threats to human health and the environment. From a political economy perspective, this paper suggests that global health would be better served by reducing hazardous waste production, encouraging reusing and recycling, and restricting or banning international shipment of toxic wastes.
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Increasing evidence suggests an important role of oxidant-induced damage in the progress of senescent changes, providing support for the free radical theory of aging proposed by Harman in 1956. However, considering that biological organisms continuously renew their structures, it is not clear why oxidative damage should accumulate with age. No strong evidence has been provided in favor of the concept of aging as an accumulation of synthetic errors (e.g. Orgel's 'error-catastrophe' theory and the somatic mutation theory). Rather, we believe that the process of aging may derive from imperfect clearance of oxidatively damaged, relatively indigestible material, the accumulation of which further hinders cellular catabolic and anabolic functions. From this perspective, it might be predicted that: (i) suppression of oxidative damage would enhance longevity; (ii) accumulation of incompletely digested material (e.g. lipofuscin pigment) would interfere with cellular functions and increase probability of death; (iii) rejuvenation during reproduction is mainly provided by dilution of undigested material associated with intensive growth of the developing organism; and (iv) age-related damage starts to accumulate substantially when development is complete, and mainly affects postmitotic, cells and extracellular matrix, not proliferating cells. There is abundant support for all these predictions.
In a question and answer format, frequent clinical and food production problems that occur in long term care facilities are addressed. Subject matter includes the handling of food complaints, accommodating food preferences, maintaining safe food temperatures despite a wide variety of food consistencies, accommodating a resident's small appetite and maintaining the nutritional adequacy of the puree diet. The emphasis is on simplified food production which utilizes menu items that fit many diet consistencies. Various tested solutions to these problems are offered. The authors welcome additional questions.
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In this first of a three-part series examining the status of waste management strategies available to non-commercial foodservice operators, Food Management looks at the use and recycling of polystyrene in light of the McDonald's Corp.'s decision to replace polystyrene with paper and paper-based packaging.
This final installment in Food Management's three-part series on solid waste management highlights the effective strategies independent foodservice operators and contract companies are employing to promote recycling and waste reduction and to educate customers and employees about responsible waste management.
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