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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Toluene di-isocyanate-induced asthma. I. Reactions to TDI, MDI, HDI and histamine.

A group of twenty four workers handling di-isocyanates and with respiratory disease were investigated by occupational-type bronchial provocation tests for sensitivity to toluene di-isocyanate (TDI), to which all were exposed, and to diphenylmethane di-isocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene di-isocyanate (HDI). Sixteen gave asthmatic reactions to TDI and eight of these also reacted to MDI. Four of the eight TDI and MDI reactors had histories of exposure only to TDI, and of them two reacted also to HDI. Of nine subjects tested with HDI, three gave asthmatic reactions, and all three also reacted to TDI and MDI. Thus reactions to MDI and HDI were elicited only in the TDI reactors. The possibility of specific sensitivity to these and other di-isocyanates requires tests in subjects exposed to them and not to TDI.

Asthma↗
PubMed1964

INNERVATION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE OF THE TOAD (BUFO MARINUS).

The morphology, physiology and pharmacology of the innervation of the toad (Bufo marinus) large intestine have been studied. The large intestine can be divided into the regions colon, rectum and cloaca, on morphological grounds, but acts as a unit in response to nerve stimulation. Of the right and left nerves, each appears to supply the entire large intestine. Autonomic innervation of the large intestine of Bufo marinus is as follows: (1) The 9th and 10th spinal nerves (pelvic) contain predominantly excitatory preganglionic cholinergic fibres, but some inhibitory adrenergic fibres are also present in most preparations. (2) The splanchnic nerves contain inhibitory postganglionic adrenergic fibres from the 3rd to 5th sympathetic ganglia, and a small number of excitatory cholinergic fibres. The pathway of adrenergic inhibitory fibres to the large intestine alongside the posterior mesenteric artery as seen in mammals is rarely present in the toad. Several nonspecific actions of autonomic drugs on the large intestine are discussed. The functional organization of the autonomic innervation of the toad large intestine is similar to that in mammals, that is the large intestine is controlled by antagonistic cholinergic and adrenergic nerves. However, the separation of these two types of nerve fibres into anatomically distinct nerves does not appear to be as complete as in mammals. It is suggested that inhibitory autonomic control of the alimentary canal in vertebrates first appears in the hind-gut region.

Acetylcholine↗