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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Hippocrates unbound. China's medical education for the 1980s.

Working in a Beijing hospital for two years (1979 to 1981), I witnessed a metamorphosis of medical education in China. Walls have been whitewashed to mask discredited slogans of the past. Dining halls have been stratified to separate faculty, workers, and students. Since 1976, the academic program has doubled in length. Since 1979, revitalized basic science departments have enrolled postgraduates. "Worker-peasant-soldier" graduates of 1975 to 1980 have been recalled for remedial courses. Physicians from outlying provinces now staff city hospitals for terms of "advanced study." Barefoot doctors, highly regarded five years ago (but now considered to be only temporary expedients), face proficiency examinations. Doctors with shoes are also newly concerned about professional standards. Since 1977, prospective medical students take a nationwide entrance examination. Medical colleges now maintain transcripts and confer degrees. House staff, graduates of as long ago as 1964, are preparing for board examinations. Educational policy since 1977 is a determined reversal of trends of the preceding ten years.

China↗
PubMed1990

Sexual segregation in the left and right horns of the gerbil uterus: "the male embryo is usually on the right, the female on the left" (Hippocrates).

We examined reproductive tracts of 253 female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and recorded the uterine locations (relative to siblings of opposite sex) in which 812 male and 823 female fetuses were found. Within-litter comparisons revealed that sexes were not distributed randomly across uterine horns. The percentage of males in right horns (55.0%) was greater than the percentage of males in left horns (41.8%) and the percentage of females in right horns (45.0%) was significantly less than the percentage of females (58.2%) in left horns. We did not find differences in the total number of fetuses in left and right uterine horns or a sex bias in the total sample of 1635 fetuses. Results were discussed in terms of: (a) effects of sexual segregation of fetuses on expected probabilities of fetuses developing adjacent to 0, 1, or 2 fetuses of opposite sex and (b) consequent alterations in expected frequencies of behavioral phenotypes in populations of gerbils.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Helping patients decide: from Hippocrates to videodiscs--an application for patients with low back pain.

This paper outlines a modular, microcomputer and videodisc expert system, for patients with mechanical low back pain. The system incorporate facts, rules, and methods to extract data, opinions, information, and user preferences. It supports individual patient needs with a broad knowledge base, and analytical modelling techniques that connect flexible inference structures and user choices. Videodisc based expert systems help break the bottleneck in relevant medical knowledge representation. The expert system program serves the user in the capacity of teacher, confidant, interpreter, diagnostician, and adviser.

Adult↗
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HIPPOCRATES.

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Greece, Ancient↗