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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Prion disease as infectious disease transmissible from animals to human].

Prion diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have been recognized as zoonosis since the existence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) was reported in 1996. After then, BSE became a serious social problem all over the world. The incidence of BSE in EU and UK appears declining, and the vCJD incidence also shows a tendency to decrease. On the contrary, fears for the spread of BSE became actual problems: BSE occurrence outside of EU, introduction of BSE to other ruminants, and transmission of vCJD by blood transfusion. To prevent further spread of animal prion diseases and to reduce their risk to human being, active surveillance for animal prion diseases, removal of specified risk materials from food and feed chains, and effective feed regulation for livestock should be important. For the disclosure and elimination of prion-contaminated blood, materials for medical and pharmaceutical products, it is required to improve the sensitivity of prion detection methods. Furthermore, establishment of the therapeutics for human prion diseases is urgent problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Gonadal load in radiotherapy of benign diseases. II. Infectious diseases and keloids].

The irradiation damages to the gonads caused by the radiotherapy of parotiditis and mastitis and of cheloids was determined partially under different irradiation methods. The measurements were effected with LiF dosimeters in the Alderson phantom with a tube tension of 250 kV for the inflammatory diseases and 55 kV for the cheloids. The gonad dose measured at the surface was within the range of hundreths of permille for the parotiditis, for the mastitis is was between tenths of permille and 2% depending on the therapy method. The gonad dose of the cheloid irradiations showed a clear relation to the distance between radiation source and gonads. The importance of radiological protection is emphasized.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Factors contributing to the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases.

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have been receiving increasing attention for more than two decades. Such attention has resulted from observations of increasing resistance of microorganisms to the usual antibiotics, the identification of formerly unknown disease agents and the diseases they cause, and the realization that the concept of globalization includes global exposure to disease agents formerly confined to small, endemic, or remote areas. Sadly, in the fall of 2001, the potential for using microbial agents as instruments of terror and destruction became obvious with the incidents of anthrax spread in the United States, mainly through the mail, although chemical and biological agents had already been used in this way in the past century. The relationship between infectious diseases and social, political, and economic change from the earliest times to the present has been well documented. Emerging infectious diseases and their basic causes present a threat to the stability of nations and indeed the world. Reasons for the emergence/reemergence of infectious diseases are complex and interrelated. The global village provides global economic and social opportunities but also opportunities for disease emergence and transmission. Although characteristics of microorganisms such as genetic adaptive changes are important in the emergence of infectious diseases, factors under human control play a large role. Behavioral and lifestyle choices are also a major influence on the emergence and spread of many EIDs and require attention. Factors contributing to the appearance of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are discussed.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2003

Infectious diseases and the returning traveller--experience from a regional infectious diseases unit over 20 years.

The report from the Chief Medical Officer - Getting Ahead of the Curve (a strategy for combating infectious diseases) included the statement 'Infectious diseases recognize no international boundaries, so that a newly emergent disease in another part of the world must be assessed for a potential threat to this country'. About 50 million journeys abroad are made from the UK every year. Inevitably this brings many into contact with illness they would not otherwise impact. Over the last 20 years there has been a corresponding increase in the number of admissions to the Regional Infectious Diseases Unit in Sheffield that has risen from about 50 in 1985 to over 200 in 2000. Admissions reach their peak in the months of June, July, August and September. This review provides an overview of the infections seen in returning travellers in Sheffield over a 20-year period, including information on the countries where infection has been acquired and comments upon the measures which may be taken to minimize the risk of infection while travelling.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Epidemic patterns of infectious diseases from the results of the surveillance of infectious diseases in Japan.

Epidemic patterns of 12 infectious diseases based on the data derived from the surveillance system of infectious diseases in Japan are analyzed. Weekly numbers of patients per one monitor station (general clinics and hospitals) are calculated by prefecture. Based on these data, the patterns of epidemic are classified into five categories: Category 1, nationwide outbreak of short duration (rotavirus enteritis, hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina); Category 2, nationwide outbreak of long duration (varicella); Category 3, concurrent outbreaks in several districts (rubella and erythema infectiosum); Category 4, epidemic of long duration in several prefectures at different times (measles, mumps, pertussis, streptococcal infection and atypical pneumonia); Category 5, unclear epidemic pattern (exanthema subitum).

Child↗
PubMed2002

Importance of National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Institutes of Public Health on control of infectious diseases in the new century.

As the incidence of infectious diseases has recently decreased, we are faced with new problems, such as emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, food poisoning, zoonosis, and bio-terrorism. In light of these new conditions, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Local Institutes of Public Health, public health offices, and other medical organization must maintain close relationship in order to protect the health and safety of the citizens.

Communicable Disease Control↗