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PubMedDate not supplied

Cost effectiveness of a medical digital library.

The rapid increase in the price of electronic journals has made the optimization of collection management an urgent task. As there is currently no standard procedure for the evaluation of this problem, we applied the Reading Factor (RF), an electronically computed indicator used for consultation of individual articles. The aim of our study was to assess the cost effective impact of modifications in our digital library (i.e. change of access from the Intranet to the Internet or change in editorial policy). The digital OVID library at Rouen University Hospital continues to be cost-effective in comparison with the interlibrary loan costs. Moreover, when electronic versions are offered alongside a limited amount of interlibrary loans, a reduction in library costs was observed.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1964

INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION IN SWEDEN AND THE MEDICAL PART OF THE SCANDIA PLAN.

In Sweden, as in Scandinavia generally, the interlibrary loan service is widely extended. The large research libraries traditionally follow a very liberal lending policy. Of fundamental importance to the Swedish interloan system is the maintenance of a union catalog. The free flow of materials from one library to another is facilitated by the franking privilege accorded public institutions. During the fifties, the idea arose of establishing acquisitional cooperation among the research libraries in Sweden. The highly developed interlibrary loan service was of basic significance for the realization of this project. In 1956 the possibilities were investigated of further expanding the acquisitional cooperation to include the greater libraries of Scandinavia. Thus, the so-called Scandia Plan was born. In 1960 the time was ripe to discuss the possibilities of applying the Scandia Plan to medical literature. At a meeting that year it was agreed that such cooperation could apply only to the literature which from a Scandinavian point of view would be considered peripheral. The plan was to include periodicals only, and be restricted to materials which, mainly for language reasons, are infrequently used in Scandinavian research. The task of acquiring such periodicals could be divided between the different libraries of the four countries. Such an arrangement would make it economically possible to increase the common stock of medical periodicals and avoid unnecessary duplication of material least in demand.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Electronic document delivery using the Internet.

The Health Sciences Libraries Consortium (HSLC) was established in 1985 by thirteen founding member institutions in Pennsylvania and Delaware. In 1989, the Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery, and Union List Task Force, appointed by the HSLC Board of Directors, successfully demonstrated the feasibility of supplying 94% of all interlibrary loan (ILL) photocopy requests in forty-eight hours or less by a network application of group 3-level memory telefacsimiles. However, the expenses associated with the telefacsimile operation and the limitations associated with network polling protocols challenged participants to seek new alternatives for ILL. In 1990, the HSLC introduced HSLC HealthNET, an online wide-area network linking eleven of the thirteen institutions and their resources while providing access to the Internet. The HSLC HealthNET additionally supports a centralized shared library system, several locally mounted databases, and consortiumwide electronic mail. In 1991, a project was initiated to evaluate Ariel software, pioneered by the Research Libraries Group (RLG), compared to the existing network application of group 3-level telefacsimiles. Factors identified as critical to Ariel's potential to replace the telefacsimile network were the proprietary software specifications for Internet access, the use of HSLC's existing wide-area network (WAN), and a hardware platform that was optimal for an ILL environment. This article describes the Ariel project history, the transition to Ariel from the telefacsimile network, evaluation of equipment features for processing efficiency, and operational issues affecting ILL policy.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1975

Mobilization of duplicates in a Regional Medical Library Program.

An overabundance of duplicate journals without an efficient and economical method of distribution caused one library's staff to reassess traditional methods of dispersal. A simplified form for listing duplicates was devised. In conjunction with the Regional Medical Library Program and the extension program, lists of duplicates were distributed to hospital and clinical libraries. These libraries selected materials to strengthen their ability to fill information needs at the local level and to conserve RMLP support for esoteric and expensive materials. In a two-year period, 86,000 individual pieces were distributed. Some lessening of interlibrary loan requests from heavy users was documented. In an evaluation survey users expressed satisfaction with the program. The successful use of the duplicate program will lead to a further experiment--the library will attempt to fill interlibrary loan requests for common journals with hard copy rather than photocopy in a cost and time reduction effort.

Book Collecting↗

PubMed1994

A unique approach to multi-state networking: BHSL (Basic Health Sciences Network).

Development of a reciprocal multi-state shared resources network is described. The Basic Health Sciences Library Network (BHSL) is one the largest interlibrary loan networks free of direct charges to participants and any direct federal or state funding. Established in June 1986, BHSL started with 132 member libraries from three northeastern states. Current membership is 460 libraries in 10 states. Interlibrary loan activity for 1992 resulted in a collective cost savings of $592,672. This model of resource sharing can be applied to any group of libraries that access a common locator tool.

Cost Savings↗

PubMed1993

Costing medical libraries: the feasibility of functional cost analysis.

As a result of organizational changes in the National Health Service (NHS) there is a need for a coherent costing model for NHS libraries, particularly for the smaller libraries based in postgraduate medical centres. One possible model is functional cost analysis, whereby all costs are assigned to library functions representing services to users, such as loans from stock, interlibrary loans, enquiry services, etc. Using data from a 1991 survey of postgraduate centre-based libraries in the North West Thames (NWT) Region of the NHS, the feasibility and appropriateness of functional cost analysis is examined.

Budgets↗

PubMed2006

Retention of retrospective print journals in the digital age: trends and analysis.

PURPOSE: The issue of retaining retrospective print journals is examined in light of the shift to electronic titles, the reallocation of library budgets from print to electronic, and the changing research practices of today's library users. This article also examines the evolving role of the physical library and its impact on space allocation. METHODS: To determine current practice and opinion, a survey of health sciences librarians and academic librarians was conducted. To demonstrate the use patterns of older journal issues, citation analyses and interlibrary loan statistics were examined. RESULTS: All methods indicate that recent material is accessed more frequently than older material, with a significant drop in use of materials greater than 15 years old. Materials greater than 20 years old constituted less than 5% of interlibrary loans and less than 9% of articles noted in the citation analysis. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to eliminate older years of a print journal collection without a large impact on the needs of researchers. Librarians' preference to maintain full runs of journal titles may be motivated by reasons outside of actual usage or patrons needs.

Humans↗

PubMed1984

Regional Online Union Catalog of the Greater Midwest Regional Medical Library Network: development and operation.

The GMRMLN Online Catalog was developed as an easily accessible locator tool for monographs and audiovisuals held within the Greater Midwest Regional Medical Library Network. The catalog was generated from machine-readable records in MARC formats contributed by regional libraries. It was mounted by BRS as a private database and is fully free text searchable using BRS search. Each institutional file was merged and purged of duplicates to create a single entry for each title. The catalog features an online interlibrary loan system that automatically routes a request to the two nearest, smallest libraries that own the title. If the request is not filled within the region, the system automatically routes it to the National Library of Medicine without the need to rekeyboard data. The system collects management data on interlibrary loan processing. Funding for the catalog permitted a trial period of use with cost support. Data on system operation were gathered during this demonstration.

Catalogs, Union as Topic↗

PubMed1997

A trial of three commercial document delivery suppliers with strong holdings in biomedicine.

The University of Vermont's Medical Library evaluated the services of three commercial document delivery suppliers with significant holdings in biomedicine. The purpose of the trial was to determine whether journal articles could be procured in less time than routine interlibrary loan without greatly increasing costs. Each supplier offered a quick delivery method employing modern technology at a standard fee. The need to pay copyright royalties at times and a desire to test the possibility of substituting "access" for "collection" also prompted the trial. Results reported include: mean and median delivery times, percentages of requested titles held, and average price per transaction, including copyright fee. The Medical Library continues to use commercial services to augment interlibrary loan.

Contract Services↗

PubMed1997

BIOETHICSLINE use by medical students: curriculum-integrated instruction and collection development implications.

BIOETHICSLINE uselogs were analyzed during months when second-year medical students were engaged in ethics coursework that included curriculum-integrated bibliographic instruction. Uselog data showed that peak activity occurred while students were preparing a required paper. Further uselog analysis indicated that students applied database features such as controlled vocabulary, the "explode" command, and a combination of multiple search concepts. In addition, the study examined journal use and interlibrary loan activity for a correlation with online search activity. Higher bioethics journal use and interlibrary loan statistics coincided with peak BIOETHICSLINE activity periods. Citation analysis of student bibliographies reflected the interdisciplinary nature of BIOETHICSLINE and the need for ethics, legal, and clinical information sources in a bioethics collection. This study suggests that the integration of bibliographic instruction and the coordination of collection development with students' curricular needs lead to increased and more competent use of information resources.

Bioethics↗

PubMed2001

Online journals: impact on print journal usage.

PURPOSE: The research sought to determine the impact of online journals on the use of print journals and interlibrary loan (ILL). SETTING: The Library of the Health Sciences-Peoria is a regional site of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Library with a print journal collection of approximately 400 titles. Since 1999, UIC site licenses have given students and faculty affiliated with UIC-Peoria access to more than 4,000 online full-text journal titles through the Internet. METHODOLOGY: The Library of the Health Sciences-Peoria has conducted a journal-use study over an extended period of time. The information collected from this study was used to assess the impact of 104 online journals, added to the collection in January 1999, on the use of print journals. RESULTS: Results of the statistical analysis showed print journal usage decreased significantly since the introduction of online journals (F(1,147) = 12.10, P < 0.001). This decrease occurred regardless of whether a journal was available only in print or both online and in print. Interlibrary loan requests have also significantly decreased since the introduction of online journals (F(2,30) = 4.46, P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in use of the print collection suggests that many patrons prefer to access journals online. The negative impact the online journals have had on the use of the journal titles available only in print suggests users may be compromising quality for convenience when selecting journal articles. Possible implications for collection development are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1980

A simple objective method for determining a dynamic journal collection.

In order to determine the content of a journal collection responsive to both user needs and space and dollar constraints, quantitative measures of the use of a 647-title collection have been related to space and cost requirements to develop objective criteria for a dynamic collection for the Treadwell Library at the Massachusetts General Hospital, a large medical research center. Data were collected for one calendar year (1977) and stored with the elements for each title's profile in a computerized file. To account for the effect of the bulk of the journal runs on the number of uses, raw use data have been adjusted using linear shelf space required for each title to produce a factor called density of use. Titles have been ranked by raw use and by density of use with space and cost requirements for each. Data have also been analyzed for five special categories of use. Given automated means of collecting and storing data, use measures should be collected continuously. Using raw use frequency ranking to relate use to space and costs seems sensible since a decision point cutoff can be chosen in terms of the potential interlibrary loans generated. But it places new titles at risk while protecting titles with long, little used runs. Basing decisions on density of use frequency ranking seems to produce a larger yield of titles with fewer potential interlibrary loans and to identify titles with overlong runs which may be pruned or converted to microform. The method developed is simple and practical. Its design will be improved to apply to data collected in 1980 for a continuous study of journal use. The problem addressed is essentially one of inventory control. Viewed as such it makes good financial sense to measure use as part of the routine operation of the library to provide information for effective management decisions.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

Holder of record: A cooperative health sciences journal system in a hospital library network.

The cooperative acquisition and retention of health sciences journals by a group of small and medium-sized Veterans Administration hospital libraries is described. The "holder of record" system emphasizes a contractual agreement that has freed resources for expansion of the group's journal holdings and distributed responsibility for interlibrary loan among the libraries involved.

Interlibrary Loans↗

PubMed1978

Hospital libraries' consortium blunts impact of budget cuts.

Hospital libraries frequently are faced with increasing costs for journals and other educational resources, increasing demand for continuing education materials by health care professionals, and decreasing budgets to meet these needs. Several medical and hospital libraries in Illinois are providing continued, and possibly improved, services under budgetary constraints through a consortium that emphasizes sharing of resources, interlibrary loans, librarian consultation services, and cost-saving projects.

Budgets↗

PubMed1986

Fast Inter Library Loans and Statistics, enhanced version 2.0.

F.I.L.L.S. is a library-specific software package developed by librarians for library staff with little or no computer experience. MacNeal Hospital's Health Science Resource Center designed F.I.L.L.S. to allow libraries to save 60 percent of the time devoted to the interlibrary loan function while improving service to users. As a management tool, F.I.L.L.S. creates a dozen (12) preprogrammed reports that provide invaluable information such as Number of Requests for Periodicals, including copyright information; which libraries are borrowed from frequently; and which libraries provide the fastest or slowest service in filling loan requests. The article describes F.I.L.L.S., its capabilities and its limitations in greater detail.

Computers↗

PubMed1995

The Medical Library and Media Center of Keio University in Tokyo: report on a visit.

The Medical Library and Media Center at Keio University in Tokyo offers many facilities to its users: access to medical information within a large catalog of monographs and journals, online searching and CD-ROM databases, and a dynamic interlibrary loan service. This article is a report of a professional visit to the library on September 30, 1993.

Catalogs, Library↗

PubMed1988

A local network for sharing resources and technical support: BACS/PHILNET.

Within the framework of large regional and national networks, local libraries can benefit by working together. We report the establishment of an online health sciences library network to share resources and technical support in the greater St. Louis area. BACS/PHILNET has evolved beyond a local automated interlibrary loan network to pilot off-site integrated library and information management systems in hospitals.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1987

Interlibrary cooperation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: the holder-of-record system.

The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Defense and Aviation, which contracts for management of military hospitals, responded to the libraries' needs for more complete and extensive journal holdings. Better journal coverage was achieved through improved communication and cooperation among neighbor libraries, and through systematic implementation of a holder-of-record system. Interlibrary loan activity was more evenly distributed, and 70% of requisitions which previously had to be handled by foreign libraries can now be filled in Saudi Arabia.

Hospitals, Military↗