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PubMed1999

[Access to Danish health care by immigrant women. Access to hospital care among immigrant women with breast cancer compared with Danish women].

The study aim is to measure possible differences in access to health care among immigrant women with breast cancer compared with Danish women. We used tumour size at diagnosis as a proxy measure of access. The Danish Central Personal Register provided information from 1977-1996 on women between 20-75 years born in countries in which Islam is the dominating faith. These data were linked to the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, which registers data concerning tumour size. Sixty-five immigrant women with breast cancer were identified and matched with a control population of Danish women. The study showed larger tumours at diagnosis among women from ethnic minority groups compared to Danes. However, this tendency was not significant. Furthermore, mammographic screening had a significant effect on the tumour sizes of Danish women, but not on those of immigrants. The study indicates ethnic inequalities related to access to health services as measured by tumour size.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immigrants who arrived in 1977/78 and 1978/79 one year after immigration (comparative data).

Comparative data are presented on immigrants who arrived in Israel between September 1977 and August 1978 and those who arrived between September 1978 and August 1979. The data are derived from the Survey of Absorption of Immigrants, which is considered "to follow-up the immigrants during the first year of their stay in Israel, from the point of view of absorption at work and in housing, social life, command of the Hebrew language and their position in these fields, and their feelings and attitudes as to their present situation and their future in Israel."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

A culturally specific educational program to reduce the risk of HIV and HBV transmission among Ethiopian immigrants to Israel II: Evaluating the effect of the training program on veteran immigrant trainees.

We describe the evaluation of a program for training veteran Ethiopian immigrants to be health educators/cultural mediators. This educational intervention project was designed to lower the risk of transmission of HIV and HBV among the immigrants who arrived in Israel in "Operation Solomon", May 1991. The training program was designed to teach the biomedical model of HIV transmission and its prevention, and to allow the trainees to explore their feelings about people with HIV/AIDS in order to enable them to teach these issues appropriately to the general community of immigrants from Ethiopia, and to work with individuals with HIV among them. It also trained them in teaching skills and in imparting the knowledge in a culturally appropriate manner. The evaluation of changes in knowledge was done at three time points: at the beginning of a 3-day training seminar (A), its end (B) and after 7 half-day training sessions comprising the whole training program 4 months later (C). We also evaluated the changes in their attitudes and feelings about teaching these subjects and their estimate of their teaching skills at two time points (B and C). The data were collected from a written questionnaire. We also monitored their teaching through direct observation by people who spoke Amharic, and through the trainees completing a self-monitoring form. The monitoring and evaluation efforts were built into the structure of the program (including the interventions themselves). They include several complementary approaches: qualitative and quantitative, structured and semi-structured, reported and observed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Immigrant women and the emergency department: the juncture with welfare and immigration reform.

This article discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act and their potential impact on immigrant women's access to medical services. Current federal mandates assuring access to emergency medical services and new restrictions on financing of health care under federal programs such as Medicaid and Medicare would appear to be on a collision course. Both acts specifically reaffirm federal law on delivery of emergency services without addressing the financing of that care. Unfunded mandates in an era of diminished ability to shift costs onto insured patients are problematic for the institutions that provide uncompensated care. Specific protections for victims of domestic violence are also discussed.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1996

Immigration and social justice: towards a progressive European immigration policy?

"Stepping back from current debates over immigration in the new 'Fortress Europe', this paper examines moral and philosophical arguments for an alternative and more 'progressive' immigration policy. Despite recent interest within geography in principles of social justice, the extent to which such principles reach beyond particular societies or nations has rarely been considered explicitly. The notion of social justice may be extended to the question of immigration, without taking the position that migration should itself be seen as a 'human right'. Even within relatively conservative contractarian and communitarian conceptions of social justice, a number of suggestions can be made for 'progressive' policy options, in particular by focusing on the communal rights and duties of societies rather than the human rights of individual migrants."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1999

A comparative assessment of public opinion toward immigrants and immigration policies.

"This article is part of a larger study of public attitudes toward immigration in seven countries that historically and currently have had different policies and practices vis-a-vis immigration. The countries involved are Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan and the United States. The time frame for which most of the public opinion data will be reported is from 1970 through 1995. The data have been collected from national surveys that were conducted in each of the countries."

Americas↗
PubMed2005

Factors associated with depression experience of immigrant populations: a study of Korean immigrants.

A correlational, cross-sectional study with multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors that influence the depression experience in 154 Korean immigrants. Based on the stress-health outcome framework, four variables (i.e., sense of mastery, socioeconomic status, social support, and acculturation) were tested for their mediating effects between stress and depression experienced by Korean Americans. Path analyses showed that the negative effect of life stress on depression was buffered by higher levels of sense of mastery and social support in the Korean sample. Implications for future cross-cultural depression research and preventive strategies against depression in immigrant populations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Temporary alien workers seeking H-1B classification under the Immigration and Nationality Act--Immigration and Naturalization Service. Interim rule with requests for comments.

This interim rule implements certain provisions of the Miscellaneous and Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments of 1991, Public Law 102-232, December 12, 1991, as it relates to aliens seeking nonimmigrant classification and admission to the United States under section 101(a)(15)(H) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (Act). Public Law 102-232 altered, among other things, the procedures for petitioning for H-1B nonimmigrants and established new eligibility criteria for foreign physicians seeking employment in the medical profession in the United States. This rule contains the new procedures required by the legislation and makes Service policy consistent with the intent of Congress. This rule sets forth the new filing procedures and eligibility standards and clarifies for businesses and the general public the requirements for classification and admission.

Documentation↗
PubMed1990

Guests or immigrants? Contradiction and change in the German immigration policy debate since the recruitment stop.

The authors review major points in the policy debate over immigration in West Germany since the 1973 recruitment stop legislation. Special emphasis is placed on the labor force effects of migration to West Germany and their impact on migration policy. The authors find that "government immigration policy since 1973 has embraced three contradictory goals: reduce the influx of foreigners, integrate those who intend to settle in West Germany, and encourage the return of migrants who are inclined to leave. The internal contradictions between these policy goals have prevented them from being fulfilled and thereby have generated considerable frustration."

Demography↗
PubMed1982

Estimating the emigration rates of legal immigrants using administrative and survey data: the 1971 cohort of immigrants to the United States.

Based on administrative and survey data as well as data-based assumptions about the bounds on alien address reporting, this study provides estimates of the lower and upper bounds for the cumulative net emigration rates, by country and area of origin, of the FY1971 cohort of legal immigrants to the United States as of January 1979. The merged data indicate that the cumulative net emigration rate for the entire cohort could have been as high as 50 percent. Canadian emigration was probably between 51 and 55 percent. Emigration rates for legal immigrants from Central America, the Caribbean (excluding Cuba), and South America were at least as high as 50 percent, and could have been as high as 70 percent. Emigration rates for Koreans and Chinese could not have exceeded 22 percent over the same period.

Demography↗
PubMed2001

HIV prevention among detained immigrants: report of a program of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

HIV prevention programs have been developed for a wide variety of populations and settings through which those target populations can be reached. However, no program to date has targeted immigrants in Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) detention facilities. This study examines the risk factors identified among detainees in detention facilities in San Diego, and the development and implementation of an HIV prevention program. Given the success of this program, the INS approved filming a video and a peer training program for detainees to serve as peer educators so that the program will continue.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in five immigrant groups living in Oslo, Norway: the Oslo Immigrant Health Study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and to identify possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency in five main immigrant groups in Oslo. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based. SETTING: City of Oslo. SUBJECTS: In total, 491 men and 509 women with native countries Turkey, Sri Lanka, Iran, Pakistan and Vietnam living in the county of Oslo. RESULTS: Median serum 25(OH)D level (s-25(OH)D) was 28 nmol/l, ranging from 21 nmol/l in women born in Pakistan to 40 nmol/l in men born in Vietnam. Overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency defined as s-25(OH)D<25 nmol/l was 37.2%, ranging from 8.5% in men born in Vietnam to 64.9% in women born in Pakistan. s-25(OH)D did not vary significantly with age. s-25(OH)D was higher in blood samples drawn in June compared to samples obtained in April, but not significantly for women. Reported use of fatty fish and cod liver oil supplements showed a strong positive association with s-25(OH)D in all groups. Education length was positively associated with s-25(OH)D in women, whereas body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with s-25(OH)D in women. These two variables were not related to vitamin D deficiency in men. CONCLUSIONS: There is widespread vitamin D deficiency in both men and women born in Turkey, Sri Lanka, Iran, Pakistan and Vietnam residing in Oslo. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in women than in men, and it is higher in those born in Pakistan and lower in those born in Vietnam compared to the other ethnic groups. Fatty fish intake and cod liver oil supplements are important determinant factors of vitamin D status in the groups studied. BMI and education length are also important predictors in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Health of immigrants. Immigration and health].

In this second article, the author presents the main problems which affect the immigrant population, planning out some adequate health care programs as one component in the professional work nurses have. Health professionals should be culturally open to diversity and be prepared to provide health care which guarantees the right these people have.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1994

Canadian immigration policy in the early 1990s: a commentary on Veugelers and Klassen's analysis of the breakdown in the unemployment-immigration linkage.

The author comments on an article by J. W. P. Veugelers and T. R. Klassen. "Veugelers and Klassen's (1994) paper makes an important contribution by confirming in detail three findings on Canadian immigration policy that have been noted only more casually and less clearly in previous studies. In this commentary on their paper, I seek to clarify the significance of their findings and to set forth some important issues and hypotheses which are not covered in their interpretation."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopian immigrants: comparison of Moses and Solomon immigrations.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the distribution of serum glucose levels among 254 immigrant Ethiopian Jews (Operation Solomon) were studied immediately after their arrival in Israel in 1991. No case of diabetes was found. Although the body mass index of this population was higher than those obtained in Operation Moses, the serum glucose levels in almost all age-groups were significantly lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A culturally specific educational program to reduce the risk of HIV and HBV transmission among Ethiopian immigrants to Israel: a preliminary report on training veteran immigrants as health educators.

We describe an educational intervention project that was designed to lower the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus among the Ethiopian immigrants of the 1991 Operation Solomon. The importance and uniqueness of this program lies in its attempt to integrate into one program two different sets of traditions and concepts, in a culturally acceptable manner to the target population. On the one hand were the traditions of the Ethiopian community and its concepts about health and disease; on the other, were the biomedical model and empowering/participatory methods needed for intervening in this sensitive and difficult area. We also describe a model for training people from within the community to bridge the cultural gap in a relatively short period of time.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Requalifying examination and employment in immigrant physicians as predictors of successful immigration to Israel.

Thirty physicians who immigrated together from South America to Israel were followed during their first two years in Israel. Success in the medical requalifying examination and finding work as physicians correlated directly with permanency in Israel, and, inversely, returning to country of origin was associated with being unqualified and unemployed. Age, sex, marital status, religion and previous professional status were not associated with permanency in Israel.

Adult↗