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Results for “Immunity, Humoral”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Lesions of the hippocampus enhance or depress humoral immunity in rats.

The effect on the humoral immune response in rats by bilaterally destroying cell bodies in the hippocampus with kainic acid or by electrolytic lesion was studied. After 3 days a humoral immune response was evoked by injecting 1 ml of 10% sheep red blood cells. Five days later, the haemolysin content (MC50) was measured. Chemical destruction of pyramidal cell bodies in CA2 and CA3 significantly increased humoral immunity as measured by HC50, but larger chemical lesions that also included CA1 did not. Electrical destruction of cell bodies and axonal pathways in CA2 and CA3 did not significantly affect HC50. These results suggest that different areas of the hippocampus can stimulate or inhibit humoral immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Deficiency of humoral immunity in cartilage-hair hypoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, is usually associated with impaired cellular immunity. This study evaluates humoral immunity in patients with CHH. METHODS: The concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and IgG subclasses were studied in 20 patients. Data for 5 additional patients with recurrent infections were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Seven of the prospectively evaluated patients (35%) had defective humoral immunity. Three patients had IgA deficiency. Four patients had IgG2 deficiency, accompanied by IgA deficiency, IgG4 deficiency, or both in 3 patients. IgG4 was low in most patients. Increased infections were usually associated with supranormal IgG and IgG1 and subnormal IgA, IgG2, or IgG4 concentrations. One retrospectively reviewed patient had severe hypogammaglobulinemia, and 3 had multiple IgG subclass deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: Humoral immunity is impaired in CHH and contributes to the increased susceptibility to infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the techniques used for monitoring humoral immunity in cancer patients.

The humoral immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy can vary considerably. This variability is inherent from patient to patient and is also dependent on the type of assay used to measure patient antibody response to tumors. In this investigation four serological techniques, complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, immune adherence, complement fixation, and indirect membrane immunofluorescence, were used to assess the humoral immune response in melanoma patients receiving specific immunization with cultured allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine. Two different patterns of antibody response were elicited. One was directed against TAA and oncofetal antigens (OFA) and the other was against HLA antigens. The sensitivity and reactivity varied among the different techniques suggesting that one test or technique may not be sufficient to evaluate critically a patient's response to immunotherapy.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1999

Postoperative flow cytometry crossmatch in living donor liver transplantation: clinical significance of humoral immunity in acute rejection.

BACKGROUND: The role of humoral immunity in acute rejection in solid organ transplantation remains controversial, although it is known that the presence of antidonor antibodies may precipitate graft rejection. We investigated the clinical relevance of antidonor humoral immunity for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) by means of flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM). METHODS: T cell FCXM using fresh donor peripheral lymphocytes was performed before and up to 1 month after LDLT in 58 patients. Ten patients received ABO-incompatible grafts. IgM and IgG antidonor antibodies were analyzed in relation to clinical acute rejection as defined by liver function tests with or without histological evidence. RESULTS: Pretransplantation FCXM was positive for five patients (8.6%), resulting in two cases of positive posttransplantation FCXM and two rejection episodes. Twelve patients (20.7%) showed positive posttransplantation FCXM. The incidence of acute rejection within 1 month was 100% in FCXM-positive patients and 17.4% in FCXM-negative patients (P<0.001). Thirteen (76.5%) of 17 rejection episodes in ABO-compatible cases were associated with concomitant antidonor IgM antibody. IgG antibody was also identified in six of these episodes. Antidonor antibodies disappeared after rejection treatments in all cases, but with some delay in clinical improvement. On the other hand, no antidonor antibodies were detected in any of the four rejection episodes in ABO-incompatible cases. CONCLUSIONS: Early acute rejection in LDLT is significantly associated with antidonor T cell antibody formation in ABO-compatible cases. This suggests a definite role for donor-specific humoral immunity in acute rejection. Rejection episodes without antidonor antibodies may suggest graft injury by pure cellular immunity, or possibly the presence of humoral immunity triggered by antigens not present on donor T cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Humoral immune abnormalities in human brucellosis.

Humoral immune responses were evaluated in a group of patients with acute brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis biotype I. Levels of immunoglobulins, C3 and C4, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes were sequentially studied in all brucellosis patients during the acute phase of the disease and following specific therapy. Elevated levels of all immunoglobulin classes, IgG, IgM and IgA and C3, C4, were found in the majority of patients. Antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes were found in circulation, particularly during the active stages. These findings provide support for the participation of the humoral immune system in the pathogenesis of human brucellosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: influence of the clinical course and treatment with isoprinosine on non-specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Cell-mediated and humoral immunity were studied in 30 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Marked changes in cell-mediated immunity were observed, manifested as a decrease in total lymphocyte count, decrease of proportion of T cells forming late E rosettes, depression in lymphocyte blastogenesis, production of migration inhibition factor and delayed-type skin reactivity. The humoral immune responses was not so markedly changed and only increased levels of serum IgG, IgM and the C3c fragment of complement were noticed. The changes in immunity were more pronounced in patients with a more advanced stage of the disease. 19 patients were investigated 3 times at 7-week intervals during treatment with isoprinosine. In the group of patients (10 cases) whose clinical status was rapidly deteriorating, a marked decline of cell-mediated immunity was observed. In the group of patients showing a stationary course of the disease, cellular immunity was improving. The mechanism of the disturbances of non-specific immunity in SSPE and the influence of isoprinosine on the immune answer are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

DNA immunization with Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen: regulation of humoral immune response by coinoculation of cytokine expression plasmid.

We immunized mice with plasmid expressing the 47-kDa amino-terminal domain of the Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen (SERA) using gene gun and investigated humoral immune response to SERA antigen. Significant SERA-specific IgG was observed in BALB/c mice after immunization three times with SERA expression plasmid. Furthermore, these levels were increased by the coinoculation of cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-4, GM-CSF, or IL-12) expression plasmid. In respect to the SERA-specific Ig subclasses, coinoculation of IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-12 expression plasmid increased the levels of SERA-specific IgG2a, and these were much higher than that in mice immunized with SERA expression plasmid alone. In contrast to the SERA-specific IgG2a, coinoculation of any cytokine expression plasmid did not change the levels of SERA-specific IgG1. These results indicate that cytokine expression plasmid enhances and regulates humoral immune response elicited by SERA DNA immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Humoral immune reactions in tuberculous meningitis.

Humoral immune reactions as reflected in sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 50 patients with Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) were studied. CSFs and sera from 50 patients with nontuberculous neurological diseases were selected as controls. CSFs of patients with TBM showed high titres of circulating antimycobacterial antibodies than in nontuberculous subjects. The CSF-IgG index is significantly higher in patients with TBM. Humoral immune reaction could be applied in the laboratory diagnosis of TBM, particularly when repeated bacteriological methods are negative for M. tuberculosis in CSFs.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1990

Appraisal of gut lavage in the study of intestinal humoral immunity.

Direct investigation of intestinal humoral immunity requires collection of intestinal secretions or mucosal biopsy specimens, or both. A non-invasive technique of gut lavage, with a polyethyleneglycol electrolyte lavage solution as a means of collecting intestinal secretions for immunoglobulin and antibody studies, was evaluated. Fifty patients were studied--25 immunologically normal patients or volunteers, 15 patients with untreated coeliac disease, and 10 patients with active Crohn's disease. Protease inhibitors were added promptly to samples to prevent proteolysis of immunoglobulin content. Treated lavage samples were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin and antibody content. Studies of serial lavage specimens showed that early, faecally contaminated specimens contained negligible quantities of immunoglobulin, but once the specimens became clear a steady state was reached, with little variation in immunoglobulin content between serial specimens and with a uniform dilution (around 20%) of the ingested polyethyleneglycol. Gut lavage fluid IgA was predominantly secretory, comprising 92%, 81.6%, and 76.7% respectively of the total IgA gut lavage fluid content in the control, coeliac, and Crohn's groups. High values of total IgM and IgA and IgM antigliadin antibodies were detected in the coeliac group, and high values of IgG in the Crohn's disease group. This method of gut lavage is not only an effective bowel cleanser, but also a noninvasive means of obtaining intestinal secretions for the study of humoral immunity in gastrointestinal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cellular and humoral immune responses after fresh meniscal allografts in mice. A preliminary report.

To date, no study of allogeneic meniscal transplantation has investigated both the host cellular immune response and the humoral immune response. Using inbred mice, we examined cellular immunity to meniscal allografts by assaying mixed lymphocyte culture and investigated humoral immunity through a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The level of the stimulation index of the mixed lymphocyte culture seen after placing fresh meniscal allografts subcutaneously was not significantly higher than when isograft controls were similarly placed. Following placement of the allografts, no specific antibodies were detected in serum throughout the 24-week period after grafting. Thus, in mice, fresh meniscus apparently is not immunogenic. Our results tentatively suggest that a fresh allogeneic meniscus might be transplanted without any special treatment to decrease its immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of ubiquinone-7 and its metabolites on the immune response. IV. Chemical structure-adjuvant activity relationship of quinonyl derivatives on humoral immune response.

The effects of the emulsion of quinonyl acids (QS-n, ES-n, KS-n) and related compounds (QSA-n) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant on the humoral immune response to bacterial alpha-amylase were assayed, and their structure-adjuvant activity relationships were discussed. All the quinonyl acids tested (500 microgram/mouse) enhanced the humoral immune response two to seven times as much as that of the control group, five weeks after immunization. 3'-Methyl and 2', 3'-double bond in the carboxy side chains of ubiquinone metabolites (Q acid-I, -II) were not essential for the adjuvant activity. The conversion of methoxyls on the quinone ring into methyls, and that of benzoquinone into phenol also did not affect the activity, but the activity seemed to depend on the carbon number of the carboxy side chain, and the prominent adjuvant activity was observed in the carboxylates having the carboxyalkyl chain of five to seven carbons. High doses (1 or 5 mg/mouse) of ubiquinone-7 and -2 enhanced the humoral immune response two to three times as much as that of the control group, and quinonyl alcohols (QSA-n) enhanced that with low dose (500 microgram/mouse).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Immunologic disorders: the regulation of humoral immunity.

The modulation of humoral immunity by complement and complement receptors is presented, as well as the importance of the X chromosome in immune response. Gene rearrangement and ontogeny of the immunoglobulin isotypes are discussed with regard to humoral immunodeficiency diseases.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of lactoferrin on the methotrexate-induced suppression of the cellular and humoral immune response in mice.

Our previous studies revealed that lactoferrin (LF) reconstitutes the cellular and humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. The aim of this investigation was to establish whether the suppressory effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the cellular and humoral immune response can be modulated by LF. We found that MTX, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., 48 h following sensitization of CBA mice with ovalbumin (OVA), reduced by 80% the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Co-administration of LF in drinking water (0.5% solution) for the duration of the experiment (4 days) restored the DTH response almost to the control level. However, LF was not able to restore the primary humoral immune response, measured by the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in the spleens when MTX (1 mg/kg b.w.) was administered to mice i.p. 48h post immunization. On the other hand, mice treated with LF after second challenge with SRBC showed significant restoration of the MTX-suppressed humoral immune response following the booster immunization. In addition, LF (1 microg/ml) restored the secondary humoral immune response to SRBC in vitro when MTX (0.05-1 mM) was added to cell cultures on day 2 following cell culture initiation. These data demonstrate that LF preferentially restores the cellular immune response impaired by MTX treatment. It seems that LF also prevents the block of the activity of T memory cells in the secondary, humoral immune response. Taken together, we demonstrated that LF given orally can reduce the toxic effects of MTX.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of lighting conditions and melatonin supplementation on the cellular and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of lighting conditions and melatonin supplementation on the cellular and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail. The first experiment was designed to evaluate differing light regimes as immune modulators in both adult and juvenile quail. The cellular and humoral immune responses were determined for three lighting conditions; short days (8:16LD), long days (16:8LD), and constant light (LL). In the second experiment, melatonin was administered in varying doses to adult quail placed in LL. The doses used in this experiment were 0.0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 microg/ml melatonin given in the drinking water for 16 h per day for 2 weeks. The cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated after 1 week of melatonin treatment. In both experiments, a cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reaction to phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) was measured to evaluate the cellular immune response. To evaluate the humoral immune response, primary antibody titers were calculated 7 days postintravenous injection with a Chukar red blood cell suspension. In the adult birds of experiment 1, both the 8:16LD and 16:8LD treatments produced similar cellular and humoral immune responses but these responses were significantly greater than those observed in LL. The juvenile birds held under 8:16LD also had significantly greater cellular and humoral immune responses as compared to juvenile birds held in LL. In experiment 2, there was a clear melatonin dose response on immune function in LL. The humoral immune response increased to a peak at the 5.0 microg/ml dose while the cellular immune response increased across all dose levels. From the present study it was clear that quail placed in daily light-dark cycles (LD), possessing a diurnal rhythm of melatonin, had significantly elevated immune responses as compared to those birds in LL. Furthermore, melatonin supplemented to birds exposed to LL was immuno-enhancing. This suggests that melatonin may be a mediator of the differences seen between LD and LL lighting conditions and may have important immune modulating properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Enhancement of in vivo humoral immunity by estrogen: permissive effect of a thymic factor.

Physiological levels of estrogen enhance humoral immune responses. Several in vitro studies indicate the hormone to have a direct effect on immune cells, and other studies show that estrogen may affect humoral immunity indirectly through the thymus. Therefore, we have conducted experiments to investigate the requirement of the thymus in the enhancement of humoral immune responsiveness by estrogen. In Exp I, adult ovariectomized Lewis rats were thymectomized or sham thymectomized and given estradiol (E2; 0.25 microgram E2 in sesame oil, sc, once every 4 days) or the oil vehicle in a 2 x 2 factorial design, and their antifluorescein responses were followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay across 21 days. Only animals that were thymus intact and given estrogen replacement showed significantly (P less than 0.05) greater serum antifluorescein titers than all other treatments. In Exp II, ovariectomized thymectomized rats were submitted to a 2 x 3 factorial design of oil vehicle or E2 replacement and saline, gelatin, or thymus replacement (thymosin fraction 5; 1 mg/kg in saline, sc). As described above, only the animals receiving both thymosin fraction 5 and E2 replacement displayed antifluorescein titers that were significantly (P less than 0.03) increased over titers of all other treatment groups. These results indicate that the enhancement of in vivo humoral immunity by estrogen requires the thymus, and that a constitutive thymic factor, found in thymosin fraction 5, exerts a permissive influence on the action of E2 outside the thymus to increase a specific humoral immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

DNA encoding an HIV-1 Gag/human lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 chimera elicits a broad cellular and humoral immune response in Rhesus macaques.

Previous studies of HIV-1 p55Gag immunization of mice have demonstrated the usefulness of targeting antigens to the cellular compartment containing the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC II) complex molecules by use of a DNA antigen formulation encoding Gag as a chimera with the mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein (mLAMP/gag). In the present study, we have analyzed the magnitude and breadth of Gag-specific T-lymphocyte and antibody responses elicited in Rhesus macaques after immunization with DNA encoding a human LAMP/gag (hLAMP/gag) chimera. ELISPOT analyses indicated that the average Gag-specific IFN-gamma response elicited by the hLAMP/gag chimera was detectable after only two or three naked DNA immunizations in all five immunized macaques and reached an average of 1000 spot-forming cells (SFC)/10(6) PBMCs. High IFN-gamma ELISPOT responses were detected in CD8(+)-depleted cells, indicating that CD4(+) T-cells play a major role in these responses. The T-cell responses of four of the macaques were also tested by use of ELISPOT to 12 overlapping 15-amino acids (aa) peptide pools containing ten peptides each, encompassing the complete Gag protein sequence. The two Mamu 08 immunized macaques responded to eight and twelve of the pools, the Mamu B01 to six, and the other macaque to five pools indicating that the hLAMP/gag DNA antigen formulation elicits a broad T-cell response against Gag. Additionally, there was a strong HIV-1-specific IgG response. The IgG antibody titers increased after each DNA injection, indicating a strong amnestic B-cell response, and were highly elevated in all the macaques after three immunizations. Moreover, the serum of each macaque recognized 13 of the 49 peptides of a 20-aa peptide library covering the complete Gag amino acid sequence. In addition, HIV-1-specific IgA antibodies were present in the plasma and external secretions, including nasal washes. These data support the findings of increased immunogenicity of genetic vaccines encoded as LAMP chimeras, including the response to DNA vaccines by non-human primates.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1998

Genetic immunization generates cellular and humoral immune responses against the nonstructural proteins of the hepatitis C virus in a murine model.

Exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with a high prevalence of persistent viral infection and the development of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recovery from acute infection may depend upon the generation of broad-based cellular immune responses to viral structural and nonstructural proteins. We used the DNA-based immunization approach in BALB/c mice to determine whether the HCV nonstructural proteins NS3, NS4, and NS5 will induce Ab responses, CD4+ Th cell proliferation, and cytokine release in response to stimulation by recombinant proteins as well as generate CD8+ CTL activity both in vitro and in vivo. We found that the nonstructural proteins were particularly good immunogens and produced cellular immune responses when administered as a DNA construct. Indeed, a tumor model was established following inoculation of syngenic SP2/0 cells stably transfected with NS5. We observed protection against tumor formation and growth only in mice immunized with the NS5-encoding DNA construct, establishing the generation of significant CTL activity in vivo by this technique. The results indicate that genetic immunization may define the cellular immune response of the host to HCV nonstructural proteins and is a promising approach for vaccine development.

Animals↗