A new spring-loaded biopsy handle for improved needle biopsy.
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Biopsy, Needle↗
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Results for “In re Spring”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[The effects of exposure to rare earth (NO3)3 on the immune function of mice off spring via milk].
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of immune function in mice offspring whose mothers were exposed to Rare Earth (RE)(NO(3))(3). METHODS: RE(NO(3))(3) was administered to mother mice after giving birth by gavage at dosages of 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg bw during breast-feeding period. The weights of spleen and thymus, the spleen plaque forming cells (PFC), the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the charcoal clearance of the offspring were determined. RESULTS: The results obtained from the offspring after weaning showed that the body weight of offspring treated with 200 mg/kg RE(NO(3))(3) was 18.8% lower than that of the control group; at the dosage of 2 mg/kg, the number of IgM-PFC was increased by 82.7%; and at the dosage of 20 mg/kg the rate of clearance and clearance index were significantly higher than that of the control group. No difference in DTH was found in any treated group as compared to the control group. The results of offspring at three weeks after weaning showed that the number of IgM-PFC of the 20 and 200 mg/kg bw dose groups were 47.0% and 44.7% lower than that of control group respectively; the rate of clearance and clearance index of the 200 mg/kg group were significantly lower than that of the control group. No significant changes in DTH were observed in each exposed group. CONCLUSION: RE(NO(3))(3) treatment affected the immune function of mice offspring which may caused by breast milk.
Animals↗
Hydrochemistry and mercury cycling in a High Arctic watershed.
Mass budgets for total mercury, major ions and nutrients were calculated for Amituk Lake, located on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada. Total mercury in two distinct snowpacks averaged 1.25 and 4.21 ng L(-1); the discharge-weighted concentration of influent streams averaged 0.76 ng L(-1). The recent and pre-industrial Hg(T) fluxes in atmospheric deposition to the catchment were estimated to be 0.57 and 0.23 microg m(-2) but through retention within the catchment and/or re-volatilization from the melting snowpack, these decreased by 69% in the lake inflow. The spring freshet was the prime conduit for transporting Hg(T) into Amituk Lake. Because of limited mixing of surface runoff with the lake water column during snowmelt, 59% of the Hg(T) input was directly discharged through the outflow, 16% entered the lake water column where concentrations increased from 0.23 to 0.33 ng L(-1) from June to August and 25% was deposited to the bottom sediments producing a sediment Hg(T) flux of 3.1 microg m(-2).
Journal Article↗
Zinc and vitamin A supplementation in Australian Indigenous children with acute diarrhoea: a randomised controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of zinc and vitamin A supplementation in the recovery of Indigenous children hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. DESIGN: A randomised controlled 2 by 2 factorial trial of supplementation with zinc and vitamin A. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Aboriginal children (aged < 11 years) hospitalised for acute diarrhoea at Alice Springs Hospital, Northern Territory, April 2001-July 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Duration of diarrhoeal illness; re-admission for diarrhoeal illness within 120 days. RESULTS: Our study involved 392 Aboriginal children with 436 episodes of diarrhoea. Supplementation with zinc, vitamin A, or combined zinc and vitamin A had no significant effect on duration of diarrhoea or rate of re-admission compared with placebo. Median diarrhoea duration after starting supplementation was 3.0 days for the vitamin A and zinc supplemented and placebo groups (P values 0.25 and 0.69, respectively). The number of re-admissions did not differ significantly between those receiving vitamin A or zinc and the relevant placebo groups (relative risk [95% CI], 1.2 [0.7-2.1] and 1.3 [0.8-2.1], respectively). CONCLUSION: Vitamin A and zinc supplementation may not be indicated for in-hospital management of acute diarrhoeal disease in Aboriginal children living in remote areas. This finding may not apply to children with malnutrition, for whom other studies suggest a benefit. Larger trials incorporating more comprehensive data on the vitamin A and zinc status as well as nutritional status of study populations might help to explain the different results in different populations.
Acute Disease↗
Selection of overwintering microhabitats used by the arctic woollybear caterpillar, Gynaephora groenlandica.
In extreme environments such as the High Arctic, climatic conditions challenge physiological tolerance of insects resulting in prolonged dormancy and extended life cycles. Therefore, the selection of suitable microhabitats for overwintering is crucial. At two field sites on Ellesmere Island, we located hibernacula (silk overwintering structures) used by the Arctic woollybear caterpillar, Gynaephora groenlandica (Wöcke) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) during their 11 month dormancy. All hibernacula found were anchored to the base of rocks and were not associated with vegetation. Rocks may function to absorb solar radiation and re-radiate heat, accelerating localized snowmelt, thus allowing caterpillars to emerge as early as possible in spring to begin foraging. Temperatures experienced by G. groenlandica in hibernacula throughout the winter were well within their physiological tolerance range. During late summer aestivation, hibernaculum temperatures were similar to, but more stable than, nearby soil surface temperatures. Lower maximum daily hibernaculum temperatures during the warmest month (July) may reduce metabolic rates and provide some energy savings. Since hibernacula were not randomly distributed around rocks, this suggests that G. groenlandica key in on some feature of the hibernaculum site. The northeast orientation of hibernacula at Eastwind Lake corresponds to the leeward side of rocks. Therefore wind patterns may be important in hibernaculum site selection. Other potential cues that may guide selection of hibernacula sites remain unclear: no seasonal changes in preference for light or soil moisture were observed between active and dormant caterpillars, and thermotaxis could not be distinguished from thigmotaxis.
Animals↗
[Repair and revision 8. Relapse of lower incisors: retreatment?].
Research into the long-term stability of orthodontic treatment at the University of Nijmegen (the Netherlands) until 10 years after retention has shown that nearly 50% of the total relapse takes place the first two years after retention. After that period certain stability is reached except for the lower front teeth. Ten years after the retention phase their position is even worse than at the start of treatment. The changes in lower front teeth alignment are the result of relapse, but also of normal physiological changes during ageing of the dentition. Therefore it is questionable whether late mandibular incisor irregularity should be (re)treated. Relapse of mandibular incisor alignment shortly after debonding can be restored by tightly tying the rotated incisor(s) to the C-C bar with a steel ligature, by using a spring-retainer or by rebonding of brackets to the lower front teeth. After correction of the incisor position the C-C bar should be bonded to all lower front teeth. (Re)treatment of mandibular incisor irregularity at an older age asks for more complicated treatment mechanics.
Humans↗
Asthma trough to Parietaria in pediatrics.
We selected 183 patients with asthma, rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis. They responded positively to Parietaria Judaica skin prick-tests. In the first test 91 were positive. Of those 11 were monosensitive and 80 polysensitive. In the follow-up tests 92 were positive, of which 5 were monosensitive and 87 polysensitive. There were 54 cases of rhinitis, of which 23 developed asthma. Of 129 asthma cases, 90 developed asthma with rhinitis. The main seasons are Spring and Autumn and activity declines during winter. 18.57% are perennial. IgE was greater in the re-examination of the polysensitive cases. The monosensative cases confirmed the clinical symptoms most characteristic of rhinitis syndrome, 16.893% and asthma with rhinitis, 49.18%.
Asthma↗
On the origin of the late-flowering ppd-H1 allele in barley.
To breed for climate resilient crops, an understanding of the genetic and environmental factors influencing adaptation is critical. Barley provides a model species to study adaptation to climate change. Here we present a detailed analysis of genetic variation at a major photoperiod response locus and relate this to the domestication history and dispersal of barley. The PPD-H1 locus (a PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7) promotes flowering under long-day conditions, and a natural mutation at this locus resulted in a recessive, late-flowering ppd-H1 allele. This mutation proved beneficial in high-latitude environments such as Northern Europe, where it allows extended vegetative growth during long spring days. We infer the origin of the mutated late-flowering ppd-H1 allele by re-sequencing a large geo-referenced collection of 942 Hordeum spontaneum, 5 Hordeum agriocrithon and 1110 domesticated (Hordeum vulgare) barleys. We demonstrate that the late-flowering phenotype originated from Desert-type wild barley in the Southern Levant and present evidence suggesting a post-domestication origin of the mutated ppd-H1 allele.
Hordeum↗
Thermoenergetics of pre-moulting and moulting kookaburras (Dacelo novaeguineae): they're laughing.
We examined the effect of temperature on resting metabolic rate in seven field-captured laughing kookaburras (Dacelo novaeguineae) during late winter and early spring. Basal metabolic rate averaged 201+/-3.4 ml O(2) h(-1) (0.603 ml O(2) g(-1) h(-1)). Overall thermal conductance (K(o)) declined with ambient temperature ( T(a)) and averaged 0.026 ml O(2) g(-1) h(-1) degrees C(-1) at T(a)s<10 degrees C. Day-night differences in body temperatures (2.6 degrees C) and in alpha-phase versus rho-phase minimum metabolic rates were much greater (33%) than predicted for 340-g nonpasserine birds and suggest that these animals operate as low-metabolic intensity animals in their rest phase, but normal-metabolic intensity animals during their active phase. Metabolic rate was measured in four of the same birds undergoing moult. Thermal conductance increased to 60% above pre-moult values about 6 weeks after moult began. Basal metabolic rate of moulting birds showing peak thermal conductance readings averaged 17 ml O(2) h(-1) higher than pre-moult measurements. Although this increase was not statistically significant, we believe the moult costs of kookaburras are too low to overcome the inherent variability of BMR determination. We suggest that moult costs of kookaburras are only somewhat higher than the measured costs of protein synthesis of other endotherms.
Animals↗
Analysis of a vertical compliance prosthetic foot.
Mechanical testing of the Re-Flex VSP Foot was conducted on the pylon alone and on the pylon and forefoot system. Values for spring and damping correspond well to values reported in the literature for spring and damping of physiological limbs. Pylon stiffness was 49.4 kN/m for a 600 N subject and 91.4 kN/m for an 800 N subject. The vertical stiffness of the pylon and forefoot together was 31.9 kN/m and 37.8 kN/m, respectively. Gait parameters of two persons with transtibial amputation who used vertically compliant feet for walking, jogging in place, and curb descent were investigated. Ground reaction forces, vertical trunk movement, event timing, and pylon compression were observed. The spring-loaded telescoping pylon was immobilized for half the trials. The trials were repeated the following week with the vertical compliance feature mobilized. Significant differences in vertical trunk motion and timing were found between the prosthetic limb and normal limb, as might be expected. Vertical compliance appeared to cause little change in gait parameters during normal walking. The largest differences appeared during the higher impact events such as fast walking and jogging in place.
Adult↗
[Accumulation of respiratory diseases among employees at a recently established refuse sorting plant].
An increasing number of plants for re-use of refuse have been constructed in Denmark in recent years. The Kaastrup Plant near Skive was opened in spring 1986. The plant accepts household rubbish and industrial refuse separately. The refuse is sorted by machine (industrial refuse is sorted partially manually) and in a large partially open machine plant, refuse is converted into fuel pellets. During a period of eight months, eight out of 15 employees developed respiratory symptoms. In seven, bronchial asthma was diagnosed and chronic bronchitis in one person. Four had initial symptoms of the organic dust toxic syndrome. After further six months, another case of occupationally-conditioned asthma occurred in the plant. Only two out of nine had previously had asthma or atopic disease. The investigation did not reveal any evidence of type-I allergy. Six out of nine had specific precipitating antibodies to refuse while all had negative RAST tests to this. In spring 1989, from six to eighteen months after the onset of the symptoms, six had still dyspnoea on exertion and three had positive histamine-provocation tests and seven out of nine had left the plant. Occupational medical measurements revealed dust concentrations of 8.1 mg/cubic millimeter in September 1986 and total germs of up to 3 x 10(9) cfu/cubic meter. Construction of the plant involved considerable contact with the refuse on account of the cleansing processes and open systems and it was reconstructed in the course of 1987/1988 so that the hygienic conditions are now acceptable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Seasonal changes in morphology and function of the gastrointestinal tract of free-living alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota).
The gastrointestinal tracts of 76 free-living alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota) shot during a population control program in Switzerland were collected and analysed for patterns of change in morphology and function over the period from emergence from hibernation in April to just before re-entry into hibernation in September. Between first emergence and mid-summer (July) the fresh tissue mass of the stomach increased by 105%, the small intestine by 259% (among the largest recorded for a mammal), caecum by 185%, proximal colon by 138%, and distal colon by 144%. Mitotic activity was greatest in the small intestine; the mitotic index was high (40%) compared with indexes in the stomach and hindgut (approximately 4%) even at emergence, and increased to approximately 60% by mid-summer. Microbial activity in the caecum was also significant at emergence. The stomach (length) and caecum (length and fresh mass) increased in response to ingested food earlier than did the small intestine. Between mid-summer and September there were decreases in small intestinal tissue mass and mitotic activity. It is concluded that the gastrointestinal tract of alpine marmots probably continues to function throughout hibernation at a low level, with a mid-winter trough as part of an endogenous circannual rhythm. However, after emergence in spring, increases in size and activity of the tract appear to be a response to ingested food rather than to an endogenous signal. The early signs of down-regulation of the small intestine before re-entry into hibernation, together with its delayed up-regulation in response to food in spring, are consistent with the high costs of maintaining this section of the digestive system.
Animals↗
Spring viremia of carp (SVC).
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cyprinus carpio. The disease is widespread in European carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. Designated a notifiable disease by the Office International des Epizooties, SVC is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Affected fish show destruction of tissues in the kidney, spleen and liver, leading to hemorrhage, loss of water-salt balance and impairment of immune response. High mortality occurs at water temperatures of 10 to 17 degrees C, typically in spring. At higher temperatures, infected carp develop humoral antibodies that can neutralize the spread of virus and such carp are protected against re-infection by solid immunity. The virus is shed mostly with the feces and urine of clinically infected fish and by carriers. Waterborne transmission is believed to be the primary route of infection, but bloodsucking parasites like leeches and the carp louse may serve as mechanical vectors of SVCV. The genome of SVCV is composed of a single molecule of linear, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA containing 5 genes in the order 3'-NPMGL-5' coding for the viral nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, glycoprotein, and polymerase, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the viral proteins, and sequence homologies between the genes and gene junctions of SVCV and vesicular stomatitis viruses, have led to the placement of the virus as a tentative member of the genus Vesiculovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. These methods also revealed that SVCV is not related to fish rhabdoviruses of the genus Novirhabdovirus. In vitro replication of SVCV takes place in the cytoplasm of cultured cells of fish, bird and mammalian origin at temperatures of 4 to 31 degrees C, with an optimum of about 20 degrees C. Spring viremia of carp can be diagnosed by clinical signs, isolation of virus in cell culture and molecular methods. Antibodies directed against SVCV react with the homologous virus in serum neutralization, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, but they cross-react to various degrees with the pike fry rhabdovirus (PFR), suggesting the 2 viruses are closely related. However, SVCV and PFR can be distinguished by certain serological tests and molecular methods such as the ribonuclease protection assay.
Animals↗
The role of androstenedione and testosterone in the reproduction and antler growth of a male white-tailed deer.
Seasonal levels of androstenedione and testosterone were investigated in plasma of mature intact and castrated male white-tailed deer. In four intact bucks, androstenedione concentrations were low in February and March (around 1 nmol/l) and then increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from April to November (peak 2.34 nmol/l). Testosterone remained low (below 3.5 nmol/l) from February to August and then rose significantly (P less than 0.01) till November (peak 36.78 nmol/l). Both hormones declined from November to February. In three castrates, androstenedione levels remained virtually unchanged (averaging around 0.5 nmol/l) between January and September. After a rapid significant increase (P less than 0.05) till November (peak value 2.45 nmol/l), androstenedione concentrations declined quickly to a baseline level. Testosterone in castrates remained around 0.3 to 0.7 nmol/l for most of the year with a non-significant peak (1.45 nmol/l) in October. These data indicate that the spring and summer increase in androstenedione in the intact deer is of testicular origin; the fall peak, however, may be a result of increased production in the adrenal glands. It can be speculated that the increase in androstenedione in the blood of the male deer during the spring may be responsible for the seasonal initiation and support of antler growth as well as being supportive to the re-activation of the reproductive system.
Androstenedione↗
Mercury in the atmosphere, snow and melt water ponds in the North Atlantic Ocean during Arctic summer.
Atmospheric mercury speciation measurements were performed during a 10 week Arctic summer expedition in the North Atlantic Ocean onboard the German research vessel RV Polarstern between June 15 and August 29, 2004. This expedition covered large areas of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans between latitudes 54 degrees N and 85 degrees N and longitudes 16 degrees W and 16 degrees E. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and mercury associated with particles (Hg-P) were measured during this study. In addition, total mercury in surface snow and meltwater ponds located on sea ice floes was measured. GEM showed a homogeneous distribution over the open North Atlantic Ocean (median 1.53 +/- 0.12 ng/m3), which is in contrast to the higher concentrations of GEM observed over sea ice (median 1.82 +/- 0.24 ng/m3). It is hypothesized that this results from either (re-) emission of mercury contained in snow and ice surfaces that was previously deposited during atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDE) in the spring or evasion from the ocean due to increased reduction potential at high latitudes during Arctic summer. Measured concentrations of total mercury in surface snow and meltwater ponds were low (all samples <10 ng/L), indicating that marginal accumulation of mercury occurs in these environmental compartments. Results also reveal low concentrations of RGM and Hg-P without a significant diurnal variability. These results indicate that the production and deposition of these reactive mercury species do not significantly contribute to the atmospheric mercury cycle in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Arctic summer.
Air Pollutants↗
Epidemiology of shingles.
One thousand and nineteen patients with acute varicella zoster viral infection were referred to the physiotherapy department for treatment between 1978 and 1986. Sixty per cent were women and 40% were men with a mean age of 58 years (range 9-96 years). The prevalence varied between 1.3 and 1.6 per 1000 per annum. The left side was affected in 52% while the right was affected in 48%. The thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly affected (56%) followed by cervical (17%), lumbar (10%), sacral (5%), and the trigeminal nerve was infected in 12%. There was a significant seasonal (P less than 0.001) variation in the prevalence of acute varicella zoster virus infection, most common in the summer and least common in the spring. There was no clustering in time and space so that it is unlikely that the varicella zoster virus is infective or that re-exposure to the virus causes reactivation of the latent virus.
Adolescent↗
Is there evidence of a therapy-related increase in germ cell mutation among childhood cancer survivors?
Few studies have examined human population data for evidence of an association between environmental mutagens and genetic disease. Our objective was to determine whether study of pregnancies and offspring of childhood cancer survivors would show evidence that therapy potentially mutagenic to germ cells is associated with increased risk of miscarriage, serious congenital abnormalities, or altered sex ratio. We analyzed information from patients' general practitioners for 2286 survivors of childhood cancer (1049 females and 1237 males) who were exposed or not exposed to direct irradiation of the abdomen or gonads or treatment with an alkylating agent. In addition, external control data based on the general population were used for some of the comparisons relating to congenital abnormalities and sex ratio. Data on reproductive history were complete for 1037 female survivors, who had 944 completed pregnancies, and 1078 male survivors, who produced 537 offspring. For the female survivors given abdominal or gonadal irradiation, there was an excess of miscarriages for the total number of pregnancies (17%) and for first pregnancies (19%), compared with the proportion for the total number of pregnancies in the females with similar neoplasms who were not exposed to such therapy (9%) and for first pregnancies in these females (8%). These results show re-emergence of an association suggested in our previous report of an increased risk of miscarriage as well as low birth weight among off-spring of female survivors of childhood cancer who received abdominal irradiation. In that study, it was considered unlikely that the association was due to germ cell mutation. Data in the present study do not show an association of exposure to therapy potentially mutagenic to germ cells with sex ratio, or with occurrence of serious congenital abnormalities in the offspring of male or female survivors of such therapy. However, the question of a possible germ cell mutagenic effect of therapy will be adequately addressed only through an international collaborative effort.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Needlesticks: who pays the price when costs are cut on safety.
Here is a syringe whose spring-loaded needle automatically retracts into the barrel of the syringe almost quicker than the eye can register--If you've never seen one, you're not alone. Despite the prevalence of needles engineered with safety features to prevent needlesticks, few organizations are using them. The reasons why go far beyond the expense of the syringe.
Blood-Borne Pathogens↗