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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Histological changes of incus with cholesteatoma in the attic.

In 160 cases of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma in the epitympanum and intact ossicular chain, histological analysis of the incus was performed. The ossicles were cut in serial sections and every five cuts analysed. The findings were normal in 10.7%, a fibrous thickening of the periost was found in 13% of the cases. In 8% of the cases there was fibrosis of the periost with foci of active inflammation. Ostitis or osteomyelitis in the bone itself was present in 67.5%. In conclusion, removal of the ossicle during tympanoplasty was deemed necessary in 67.5% of the cases since otherwise relapse of the inflammatory process could sooner or later be expected.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1975

[Histological study of otological homografts (incus, cartilage and fascia) (author's transl)].

To summarise our morphological findings of this study the following conclusions are drawn: In bone grafts growth of vital cells originating from the Haversian canals is clearly demonstrated. The growth of connective tissue in the Haversian system is understandable on general principles of pathology. The morphology of the change of osteocytes from fibrocytes through osteoblasts is photographically clearly shown and is in keeping with the findings of Steinbach and of Kerr and Smyth. New bone formation was detected at earliest nine months after implantation. Our investigations do not confirm whether this new bone formation occurs persistently in all cases or to what extent the original homograft material, preserves in cialit solution, takes part in this process. A similar mechanism of tissue regrowth should be accepted in homograft cartilage. We have studied two cases, one after 6 months and the other after 5 years following implant. The three fascial grafts examined compare with earlier publications, with oedema, slight inflammation and little shrinkage occurring. The suitability for grafting of homograft incus, cartilage and fascia we believe to have been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

On the oscillation behavior of the incus-stapes joint (author's transl).

A two-channel inductive measuring system in the human temporal bone preparation was used to oscillographically record oscillations of incus and stapes as well as to observe the phases between the two auditory ossicles at the same time. In the frequenzies between 300 and 1,200 Hz it was not possible to prove clearly a phase difference, in the higher frequency ranges (approximately from 2,000 Hz upwards), however, a phase difference was observed to occur regularly to an extent of 90 degrees and more.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1989

[Fixation of the malleus and incus].

During the past five years at the ENT Clinic in Olomouc 15 incudomallear synostoses of inflammatory aetiology were observed; 10 times tympanotomy was found, performed in patients without an inflammatory history, fixation of the malleus, or fixation of the malleus and incus or fixation of the stapes and malleus. The authors demonstrate three typical cases, incl. preoperative and postoperative audiograms. As during operation the ossicles are mobilized and left in situ et in function or removed by milling and destroyed and replaced by a reconstruction, the authors demonstrate a primarily fixed malleus found accidentally in the skull from medieval excavations, and histological preparations of primary incudomallear synostosis from a macerated skull in the anatomical museum.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Osteoma of the incus.

Osteomas of the temporal bone are rare. Osteomas of the middle ear have been reported but none involving an ossicle. We describe a case of a 28-year-old man who had a conductive hearing loss caused by an osteoma of the incus.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The histological changes in cartilage (incus) in the middle ear after conservation--an animal study (author's transl)].

This study demonstrates the histological changes of incus cartilage after transplantation into the middle ear space of rabbits. Conservation was performed by deep-freezing, lyophilisation in connection with gamma-irradiation, or with Cialit in differing dilutions. Controlled deep-freezing at about -196 degrees C and uncontrolled deep-freezing at about -20 degrees C guarantee after transplantion the survival of some vital chondrocytes. The other methods of conservation cause death of all chondroxytes. Cartilage prepared by these methods demonstrates potential for new bone formation. Only the xenogenetic cartilage loses its osteogenic potential after treatment by lyophilisation in connection with gamma-irradiation. The histological value of the transplant differs according to the method of conservation. No special tendency for resorption or inflamatory reactions could be seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Incus reposition: goblet prosthesis.

A stainless steel goblet shaped prosthesis is used to attach the repositioned incus to the stapes. A two year follow-up was made of the first 116 patients in which the prosthesis was used for ossicular reconstruction. The incidence of extrusion and ankylosis is diminished, and 75% of all cases had closure within 10 db. An additional 20% had closure within 20 db of bone conduction thresholds. Revisions have been less with this technique than with others: 40% of 116 patients had an uncomplicated tympanoplasty; 60% had a tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. The results are, of course, more favorable in the group without mastoidectomy. Of these, 86% had closure to within 10 db of bone conduction level. These findings suggest that the use of the goblet prosthesis results in improved hearing. These findings conclude that the use of the goblet prosthesis results in better hearing than that obtained with other methods of ossicular chain reconstruction.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1995

Age-related bone resorption in the normal incus: a case of maladaptive remodelling?

The changes that occur in the normal human incus with age have been investigated. Evidence for age-related changes in this ossicle, especially in the region of the long process, has been accumulating over the last 30-40 years and yet they have neither been confirmed quantitatively nor explained satisfactorily. In this study the results of a morphometric study of the long processes of a series of normal incudes are presented. These demonstrate that the lenticular and long processes undergo progressive symmetric resorption with advancing age. We consider these findings in the light of previous considerations of incudal remodelling and propose that these remodelling changes may reflect a normal adaptive response to the biomechanical milieu of the human middle ear.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Congenital absence of incus--a rare abnormality.

A case is described of a nine-year-old girl with a bilateral and symmetrical congenital absence of incus. This very rare abnormality has been described only once previously in the literature. Although the pathology may be rare, treatment is straightforward and prognosis good. A discussion of middle ear embryology and a review of the literature is presented.

Child↗
PubMed1995

The "Y" sign of lateral dislocation of the incus.

This report presents a new sign of ossicular dislocation utilizing high resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. In the case of lateral dislocation of the incus, a "Y" shaped configuration (Y sign) of the malleoincudal complex is seen in the coronal views even though the axial views present a normal "ice cream cone" configurations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Some anatomical features of the long process of the incus].

Investigation of a series of histological sections of 40 auditory bones showed the existence of a dense partially developed connective tissue between the long process of the incus and the lenticular process. This indicates that the lenticular process is a separate bone--the least in the body (weight--0.12-0.20 mg, diameter--0.5-0.8 mm).

Humans↗
PubMed1993

The vascular supply of the lenticular and long processes of the incus.

Previous reports of the blood supply to the lenticular and long processes of the incus have failed to consider the potential contribution of the periosteal vascular plexus. This scanning electron microscopic study of vascular foramina on the cortical bone surface demonstrates that there is no statistical difference between the numbers of vascular foramina on the lenticular and long processes, as opposed to the body and short process. These results suggest that the blood supply to this portion of the ossicular chain may not be as tenuous as has been thought.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The implantation of lyophilized and gamma-sterilized allogenetic incus and of lyophilized and gamma-sterilized xenogenetic malleus (calf) in rabbits and humans (author's transl)].

The histological reactions to the implantation of allogenetic and xenogenetic lyophilized and gamma-sterilized material into the middle ear of rabbits and men is described. In contrary to the behaviour of allogenetic material the xenogenetic shows a clear minor tendency of revitalisation. The reason is the antigen-antibody-reaction which takes place at the capillary network of the donor and leads to a hylinosis with following obliteration of the vascular rete. Therefore the angiogenetic osteogenesis cannot develop. The clinical usuability of such material is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Investigations on protein metabolism in malleus and incus (author's transl)].

Protein and mucopolysaccharide metabolism was studied in the auditory ossicles of rabbits after administration of tritiated amino acids to three and of S35 to two animals. No differences between S35 and aminoacid turnover was seen, indicating a parallelmetabolism of proteins and mucopolysaccharides of the intercellular substance. The tissue, cartilage and bone, shows a metabolism on the molecular level. Areas of cartilage ground substance adjacent to the incudomalleolar joint and the interglobular spaces are not labelled by the radioactive substances. They are excluded from metabolical turnover, while the adjacent cells remain vital. This observation indicates a change of cellular properties, from cartilage to bone cell. The subperiostal bone has lower metabolism than the underlying skeinlike bone. Few osteones were found.

Animals↗