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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Heart-lung machine for babies and infants. Development, experimental and clinical testing].

In order to offer the benefit of open heart surgery to the very early age of even new born babies small shaped extracorporeal circulation facilities has been devised and constructed encouraging now the surgeon to an early anatomical correction of congenital heart disease. This heart-lung-machine is equipped with a sophisticated saftey control guaranteeing either a constant flow or a pressure controlled perfusion. Prior to clinical use it has been tested in extensive experimental series including mock circulation and experiments on dogs. First clinical applications in open heart surgery have been successful.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Use of ultrasonography to estimate fetal weight in premature infants. Development of a new mathematical formula].

In 73 pregnant patients at a gestational age under 36 weeks, who gave birth within 72 hours from the last US examination, mathematical equations were elaborated. The equations were aimed at predicting fetal weight by measuring the main US biometric parameters; the results were compared to the actual birth weight. A statistical analysis was performed using the "backward elimination" method. The linear equation that has provided with the best estimation of fetal weight is the following: fetal weight = 12.9875 BPD +29.5642 AD +28.8023 FL -3496.1265. According to this equation, about 95.22% of the variability of the unknown quantity (i.e. birth weight) can be ascribed to its correlation to the variables: biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal diameter (AD) and femur length (FL). Estimated fetal weight by US, as calculated on the basis of biparietal diameter, abdominal diameter and femur length measurements, showed, in our study, a standard error of 143 g (9.02%) (R = 0.95).

Body Weight↗
PubMed1988

Vole infant development is influenced perinatally by maternal photoperiodic history.

Vole pups were maintained from the time of conception in the same short-day (SD) photoperiod (10 h light/day, LD 10:14); groups differed only with respect to SD photoperiodic histories of dams before gestation, which simulated those experienced by dams breeding in autumn (SD-2, 2 wk of short days), midwinter (SD-21), or late winter (SD-26). Compared with SD-2 pups, offspring born to SD-26 dams matured more rapidly with respect to body size and reproductive status. Several other somatic and behavioral measures indicated that winter preparedness was greatest in pups whose dams had experienced 2 wk and least in those that had experienced 26 wk of SD treatment before conception. A cross-fostering design, in which pups gestated in long (LD 14:10) or short photoperiods were reared postnatally in the same or opposite day length, indicated that several photoresponsive traits are influenced predominantly by prenatal photoperiod, others by postnatal day length, and others by both photoregimens. Information is communicated to fetuses about the length of time dams have been exposed to short day lengths before mating as well as about the day length prevailing during gestation. The changes induced by the mother in her pups pre- and postnatally likely facilitate adaptation of newly weaned voles to seasonally varying environmental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Development of infants of drug dependent mothers.

Infants of mothers who used methadone, heroin, cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy were compared with a group of control infants over the first 30 mths of life. Results of repeated examinations with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development showed a difference between the groups in mental development. No differences were found in a non-verbal version of the mental scale, but infants of drug dependent mothers seem to have specific difficulties in early language development. In psychomotor development, in behaviour during testing and on a questionnaire on activity, infants of drug dependent mothers did not differ from the comparison children.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Continuous tracking of behavioral development in infants.

Infant development scales provide a one time measure of the number of scale items an infant performs and his standing relative to his age group. Repeated assessment indicates how many more items he can perform and whether his relative status has altered but does not measure actual changes in the same behaviors as development progresses. This paper discusses the importance of continuously measuring the same behavior over time as an alternative strategy. The developmental information is exemplified by the behavioral records of two infants observed over a 25-week period for changes in frequency and duration of three prone position motor responses.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1992

The role of frontal lobe functioning in the development of infant self-regulatory behavior.

In the last two decades, there has been tremendous growth in two fields of study related to human infant development: (1) the development of neural processes during the early postnatal years and (2) the development of self-regulatory behavior. In an attempt to stimulate research on the relation between early brain development and self-regulatory processes, several hypotheses pertaining to the role of frontal lobe functioning in the development of emotion regulation during infancy are proposed. The results of a study of the relation between frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and emotional behavior of 21-month-old infants are reported. It was found that increases in frontal lobe activation were associated with increases in emotional arousal, while EEG activity recorded from the parietal region showed either a reciprocal pattern of activation or did not change as a function of level of emotional arousal. These results provide evidence for the specialized role of the frontal lobe in mediating emotional behavior during infancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Vocal development in infants with Down syndrome and infants who are developing normally.

The development of early vocalizations was investigated with 13 infants who had Down syndrome and 27 infants who were developing normally at bimonthly intervals from 4 to 18 months of age. A perceptually based framework was used to categorize utterances according to their developmental relations with adult, well-formed, or "canonical" syllables. Over time, both groups demonstrated increased production of mature vowel and canonical consonant-vowel syllables (characterized by full vowels, consonants, and rapid, well-coordinated articulatory movements) and decreased production of less mature "quasi-vowel" and marginal syllables. Infants in both groups were also quite variable in vocal development, both within group and across time.

Child Language↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the nursing staff in promoting the development of preterm infants through their contribution to mother-infant interaction.

Preterm birth constitutes a potential risk factor for infant development. There is evidence that parental sensitivity and responsivity can compensate for biological risk. Since the birth of a preterm infant often constitutes a crisis for parents, they may be impaired in their ability to relate appropriately to their infants. The nursing staff can play a vital role in enhancing the interaction between parents (in particular mothers) and their preterm infants, thereby indirectly promoting optimal infant development. This paper describes the psychological tasks faced by mothers of preterm infants, parents' experiences of preterm birth and suggestions as to what the nursing staff can do to facilitate healthy relationships between parents and their preterm infants, thereby preventing possible pathological development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Infantile colic and transient developmental lag in the first year of life.

This study investigates the impact of infantile colic on subsequent development. Infants with a history of colic scored significantly lower on the Mental and Psychomotor scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at age 6 months but there was no significant effect of colic on test performance at later ages. The data suggest that this temporary delay in development may be due in part to less favorable patterns of caregiver-infant interaction as a result of the history of colic.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Botulism in infancy. Report of a case.

A 22-day-old infant developed infant botulism characterized by profound weakness, hypotonia, respiratory arrest, areflexia, ptosis, pupils that responded poorly to light, and absent gag reflex. Stool examination yielded Clostridium botulinum type B organisms and type B toxin. Electromyography provided rapid diagnostic assistance. With supportive care, reovery was complete. This "new" disease probably is more common than now appreciated.

Botulism↗
PubMed1977

Mental development of preterm infants during the first year.

Developmental rates and standard scores are examined for 56 infants in 4 gestational age groups by repeated measurements on the mental scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Rates across the first year of life can be predicted largely by a biological model that assumes equality of development for infants of the same conceptual age. However, standard scores based on biological age are elevated during the early months for the most premature groups, indicating a transient advantage of increased extrauterine life. Scores from 3 to 12 months' biological age are slightly higher for the most premature groups but are consistent within groups, with no special acceleration of the premature.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Cognitive and motor development in infants at risk for human immunodeficiency virus.

To evaluate the natural course of cognitive and motor development among infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus from birth, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to 96 infants between 5.5 and 24 months of age. Infants were divided into three groups on the basis of subsequent assessment of human immunodeficiency virus serologic status: seronegative (N = 45), seropositive (N = 12), and seroreverter (N = 39). Groups did not differ in race, infant age at initial testing, maternal age, maternal education level, maternal history of intravenous drug abuse, or percentage of children in foster care placement. Significant group differences were found on the Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index, with the seropositive infants scoring significantly lower than the seronegative or seroreverter infants.

Child Development↗
PubMed1976

Immunological development in infants of allergic parents.

Serum immunoglobulins were determined every 4 months from cord blood to age 2 years in ninety-two infants of allergic parents. By 7 months of age, the concentration of IgA was significantly greater in infants who developed atopic dermatitis than those who did not. The IgA was also significantly greater than in matched non-allergic controls. The difference continued to the end of the 2-year study. No significant difference was found in the three groups for levels of IgG and IgM. These findings differ from the results of a previous report and possible explanations are presented.

Humans↗