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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Favorable impact of an infection control network on nosocomial infection rates in community hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an infection control network (the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network [DICON]) and its impact on nosocomial infection rates in community hospitals. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of rates of nosocomial infections and exposures of employees to bloodborne pathogens in hospitals during the first 3 years of their affiliation with DICON. Attributable cost and mortality estimates were obtained from published studies.Setting. Twelve community hospitals in North Carolina and Virginia. RESULTS: During the first 3 years of hospital affiliation with DICON, annual rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections at study hospitals decreased by 23% (P = .009). Annual rates of nosocomial infection and colonization due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decreased by 22% (P = .002), and rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased by 40% (P = .001). Rates of exposure of employees to bloodborne pathogens decreased by 18% (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of an infection control network within a group of community hospitals was associated with substantial decreases in nosocomial infection rates. Standard surveillance methods, frequent data analysis and feedback, and interventions based on guidelines and protocols from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were the principal strategies used to achieve these reductions. In addition to lessening the adverse clinical outcomes due to nosocomial infections, these reductions substantially decreased the economic burden of infection: the decline in nosocomial bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia alone yielded potential savings of 578,307 US dollars to 2,195,954 US dollars per year at the study hospitals.

Community-Acquired Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standard principles for preventing and controlling infection.

Infection control is a priority for all nurses and healthcare staff. This article examines factors contributing to current healthcare-associated infection rates and outlines the main strategies for infection prevention, management and control.

Australia↗
PubMed1998

[Appropriate laboratory use of microbiological testing for quality control and nosocomial infection control].

Useful information from clinical microbiological tests is required for clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease, whereas concern about the quality of information is still low. To provide reliable information in clinical microbiological testing, it is necessary to control the quality of clinical specimens, because of its random character. Through effective use of laboratory testing database, it will be possible to shift away our vague management of pre-analytic phase of quality control so far to its established system based on objective evaluation. During the past 4 years, after the introduction of microbiological tests and information system in our hospital, the characteristics of sputum have become worse contrary to our expectations. This suggests that quality control needs successive improvements, even in service departments such as clinical laboratories. Application of laboratory testing database to nosocomial infection control is considered to be a performance of post-analytic phase of quality control from the viewpoint of effective use of laboratory data. We presented in this paper our practical application of the database to the short-term and long-term control of nosocomial infection.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed2003

Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).

The health-care facility environment is rarely implicated in disease transmission, except among patients who are immunocompromised. Nonetheless, inadvertent exposures to environmental pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus spp. and Legionella spp.) or airborne pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis and varicella-zoster virus) can result in adverse patient outcomes and cause illness among health-care workers. Environmental infection-control strategies and engineering controls can effectively prevent these infections. The incidence of health-care--associated infections and pseudo-outbreaks can be minimized by 1) appropriate use of cleaners and disinfectants; 2) appropriate maintenance of medical equipment (e.g., automated endoscope reprocessors or hydrotherapy equipment); 3) adherence to water-quality standards for hemodialysis, and to ventilation standards for specialized care environments (e.g., airborne infection isolation rooms, protective environments, or operating rooms); and 4) prompt management of water intrusion into the facility. Routine environmental sampling is not usually advised, except for water quality determinations in hemodialysis settings and other situations where sampling is directed by epidemiologic principles, and results can be applied directly to infection-control decisions. This report reviews previous guidelines and strategies for preventing environment-associated infections in health-care facilities and offers recommendations. These include 1) evidence-based recommendations supported by studies; 2) requirements of federal agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and U.S. Department of Justice); 3) guidelines and standards from building and equipment professional organizations (e.g., American Institute of Architects, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers); 4) recommendations derived from scientific theory or rationale; and 5) experienced opinions based upon infection-control and engineering practices. The report also suggests a series of performance measurements as a means to evaluate infection-control efforts.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2005

Using an integrated infection control strategy during outbreak control to minimize nosocomial infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) while caring for SARS patients. Personal protective equipment and negative pressure isolation rooms (NPIRs) have not been completely successful in protecting HCWs. We introduced an innovative, integrated infection control strategy involving triaging patients using barriers, zones of risk, and extensive installation of alcohol dispensers for glove-on hand rubbing. This integrated infection control approach was implemented at a SARS designated hospital ('study hospital') where NPIRs were not available. The number of HCWs who contracted SARS in the study hospital was compared with the number of HCWs who contracted SARS in 86 Taiwan hospitals that did not use the integrated infection control strategy. Two HCWs contracted SARS in the study hospital (0.03 cases/bed) compared with 93 HCWs in the other hospitals (0.13 cases/bed) during the same three-week period. Our strategy appeared to be effective in reducing the incidence of HCWs contracting SARS. The advantages included rapid implementation without NPIRs, flexibility to transfer patients, and re-inforcement for HCWs to comply with infection control procedures, especially handwashing. The efficacy and low cost are major advantages, especially in countries with large populations at risk and fewer economic resources.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1993

How to cost and fund an infection control programme.

Infection control (IC) services in the United Kingdom are provided as part of the microbiology services and therefore they have not, to date, been costed separately. This paper addresses the cost of providing the service, the savings that accrue from the IC policies in a hospital and, finally, the cost of infective episodes and outbreaks. The point of the exercise is to enable readers to cost their own services and separate the IC and microbiology budgets while maintaining the provision of service under one department.

Budgets↗
PubMed1984

Practical aspects for cost reduction in hospital infection control.

Nosocomial infections consume a significant amount of the total hospital budget. This article describes some practical aspects for cost reduction in hospital infection control. Within one year total savings of 91.000 DM could be achieved by discontinuing unnecessary disinfection procedures. Within six years 2,27 million DM could be saved by discontinuing unnecessary infection control procedures or employing cheaper methods. Of the total antibiotic costs 25% can be reduced by certain measures.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

[Central clinical laboratory and infection control team: an essential partnership controlling health care-associated infections].

Infection Control Committee (ICC) of Akita University Hospital was established in 1980's, when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) spread in teaching hospitals in Japan. After 20 years from the establishment of ICC, we needed to shake up some of the outdated infection control systems. Infection Control Team (ICT) was established in 2002 to reinforce ICC. ICT was consisted of five infection control doctors (ICD), two infection control nurses (ICN), two medical technicians in bacteriological division of clinical laboratory, one pharmacist and three administrative officials in the hospital. Monitoring of multiple drug-resistant pathogens, antibiotic use, surgical site infections and bloodstream infections are mandatory. Personnel training and educational activity are also required. After the establishment of ICT, inappropriate use of antibiotics and prevalence of MRSA were dramatically decreased. The hospital saved more than 30,000,000 yen annually. However, with a great regret, we experienced an outbreak of MRSA in a department of our hospital in 2003. MRSA infection was judged as a cause of death in three patients in the outbreak. MRSA was thought to transmit via medical personnel since pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed common genotype in 11 out of 15 patients studied. Prevention of healthcare-associated infections is a crucial in the management of hospitals. In this paper, we verified the efforts to control the outbreak and analyzed factors interfering infection control activities. A crucial role of a clinical laboratory in controlling healthcare associated infections was also discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Significant reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in geriatric wards after introduction of infection control measures against nosocomial infections.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the efficacy of infection control measures against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremias in geriatric wards. (2) To identify predisposing risk factors for MRSA bacteremia. METHODS: Cases with nosocomial bacteremias were retrospectively analyzed between January 1991 and March 1995. The study period was divided into four annual periods and the period 1, January to December 1991, was applied as the control. MATERIALS: We investigated patients with nosocomial bacteremias in geriatric wards (190 beds) of AINO Memorial Hospital, affiliated with Nagasaki University. RESULTS: A significant reduction in cases with MRSA-induced nosocomial bacteremia was observed after the introduction of a stringent infection control and prevention program (period 1 vs. periods 2, 3, and 4: p<0.00833, p<0.00167, and p<0.00167, respectively). The major source of bacteremia included urinary tract infections, intravenous catheter-related infections, and infected decubitus ulcers. Improvement of decubitus ulcer was associated with a significant reduction in MRSA bacteremia (period 1 vs. periods 2 and 3: p<0.00017 and p<0.00833). CONCLUSION: Stringent infection control programs, including prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers, are necessary in geriatric wards to reduce and prevent MRSA bacteremia.

Aged↗