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Intramuscular absorption and regional lymphatic uptake of liposome-entrapped inulin.

An investigation of the effects of the liposome variables (size, surface area, and amount of injected lipid) on the intramuscular absorption and subsequent lymphatic uptake of drug from the injection site (left muscle) and in the opposite (right) muscle and lymph node was done in mice. Two size ranges were studied (0.3-2.0 mu and 0.15-0.7 mu). Large multilamellar vesicles were studied at lipid doses of 20.7 and 9.0 mg/kg, whereas small multilamellar vesicles were investigated at a dose of 9.5 mg/kg. Liposomes were composed of phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/phosphatidylserine/alpha-tocopherol/14C-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (as a marker for the lipid phase), 4:5:1:0.01:0.01 (molar ratio). 3H-inulin was used to monitor the aqueous phase. At 24 hr after administration, large liposomes tended to result in the largest fraction of drug at the injection site, with the 3H/14C ratio indicating stability of the remaining vesicles. Small liposomes showed a greater uptake of inulin via the lymphatics. Decreasing the total amount of injected lipid resulted in a slower absorption of large liposomes and a greater uptake via the lymphatics.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacolymphography].

With the goal of accelerating the contrast-medium injection at the lymphography and improving the contrasting of the vessels and node conduction system the authors applied a variety of pharmacological preparations: Ridol (G. Richter), Nospanum (Quinoine, HPR), Arfonadum (Hoffman-La Rochet, Switzerland), Xavinum (Quinoine) etc. in 110 cases of various malignant neoplasms. All the selected drugs are, to a greater or lesser extent, of a vasodilative effect. It has been found that Ridol together with the combination of Novocaine and Nospanum produce a pronounced lymphotropic effect. Pharmacolymphography with these preparations contributes to the shortening of the time necessary for the injection of contrast-medium and also improves the image of the intermediate node sinuses and of the thoracic duct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The role of lymphovenous communication in the development of postmastectomy lymphedema.

Forty women were investigated 6 to 24 months after radical mastectomy for the presence of functioning lymphovenous communications in the arm; 20 cases were edematous and the rest were not. Ten normal volunteer women were also investigated and served as controls. Iodinated (I125) human serum albumin was injected intralymphatically in the arm, and samples of blood were taken from both basilic veins simultaneously at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The radioactivity of each sample was determined with a scintillation counter. Lymphangiography was performed in all cases 1 month after the isotopic studies and lymphangiograms were evaluated for the presence of lymphovenous shunts. In the volunteers and the edematous postmastectomy group, there was negligible lymphovenous shunting of labeled albumin. In the nonedematous postmastectomy group, there was an increased quantity of local lymphovenous transfer of iodinated albumin. Lymphovenous shunts were detected radiologically in two patients who did not have edema. On the basis of our observations, the incidence of postmastectomy lymphedema is predetermined and is a consequence of the lack of existence of lymphovenous communications that can allow adequate lymph flow drainage from the arm after radical dissection of axillary lymph nodes.

Arm↗
PubMed1984

[Criteria for evaluating the severity of peritonitis and the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy].

The possibility of objective estimation of the peritonitis severity by the nose skin autoflora, leucocytic intoxication index (LII) and central lymph toxicity was studied on 25 dogs. The forearm skin autoflora, LII and central lymph toxicity were estimated clinically in 86 patients. The advantage of the endolymphatic therapy with kanamycin over its intramuscular injection was shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Experimental study of a new method of endolymphatic antibiotic administration and a trial of its clinical use].

A new procedure for antibiotic administration via endolymphatic route was developed. Experiments performed on 34 dogs revealed differences in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the central lymph after its administration in a dose of 4 mg/kg via endolymphatic and intramuscular routes: the maximum levels of 590 and 23 mg/kg were determined in 15 and 45 minutes respectively. In 1 hour the concentrations decreased to 17 and 10 mg/kg. When gentamicin was administered endolymphatically it remained in the lymph and blood in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg respectively for 24 hours. The kinetics of gentamicin in the blood serum within the first 6 hours after its administration by both routes did not differ significantly. After endolymphatic administration high concentrations of gentamicin (56-36 mg/g) were determined in the paraaortal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 10-24 hours. Within the period of the 4th to the 13th day its concentrations of at least 5 mg/g were detected. The changes in the structure of the lymph nodes observed 18-48 hours after the antibiotic endolymphatic administration were reversible and returned to normal by the 96th hour. The first experience with the clinical use of the endolymphatic route of gentamicin administration showed its high efficacy in 84.8% of the patients with severe purulent inflammatory diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity. The antibiotic was used in a dose of 80 mg once a day. The treatment course consisted of 5-6 infusions. Perspectives of the further experimental and clinical investigation of the procedure are indicated. Endolymphatic administration of antibiotics makes it possible to increase the efficacy of antibiotic therapy of a number of severe inflammatory infections.

Adult↗