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[Demography of aging in Spain].

In this article, the demography of the elderly in Spain is scrutinized. The older population from 1960 to 1991 and their presumed development for the period from 2001-2020 is analyzed. According to these data, we attempt to determine the influence on life situation of older people according to several factors, such as changes of family structures and intergenerational relations as well as changes in social stereotypes, expected political and economical developments, and new concepts in medical care. In closing, we raise questions about the necessary future living structures in Spain.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Memories of parental favoritism and the quality of parent-child ties in adulthood.

In order to better understand which factors contribute to variations in the quality of adult child-parent bonds, this study considered parental unfairness in the treatment of offspring during childhood. Using social exchange, self-esteem maintenance, and socialization models to predict different outcomes, memories of least favored status (LFS) were examined in relation to affectional intergenerational solidarity. A secondary analysis of a Swedish data set was conducted. Parent-child dyads were studied within three-generational lineages consisting of a grandmother (G1), her adult child (G2), and the grandchild (G3). Comparing parents and children, ratings of LFS were more predictive of the quality of the bond for children. Comparing generations of parents, LFS memories were more predictive for G2 than for G1. Comparing generations of children, there were no differences. The uniqueness of older parents in family research is considered, and an agenda for future research is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Is intergenerational solidarity a unidimensional construct? A second test of a formal model.

Results from a second empirical test of a theory of intergenerational family relations, as an example of empirically driven theory construction in social gerontology, are presented. The theory we tested reflects an attempt to explain later-life patterns of affection, association, and consensus between parents and children as interdependent components of a meta-construct--family intergenerational solidarity. The theoretical model also identifies variables that are expected to predict variations in levels of solidarity. A recent empirical test (Atkinson, Kivett, and Campbell, 1986) offered little support for the central proposition of the model: that solidarity can be indexed by a linear-additive composite of affection, association, and consensus. The replication analysis reported here is based on a different sample, as well as alternate measures and statistical methods. The convergent results suggest that (a) later-life intergenerational solidarity is not a unidimensional construct, and (b) different variables predict each component. This exercise of theory statement, testing, and retesting leads us to suggest several refinements to the theory acknowledging a more complex relationship between dimensions of intergenerational relations in old age.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Families in a state of flux: the experience of grandparents in autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: The experience of being a grandparent of a grandchild with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a previously under-researched area. This study sets out to examine the grandparents' own perspective in an exploratory way using a qualitative approach to answer the question, 'What is the experience like?' METHOD: A qualitative research project, using a purposive sampling technique and semi-structured interviews to examine the experiences of six grandparents of children with ASD diagnosed by a specialist team in a second opinion Tier 4 Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service. RESULTS: The experiences of the grandparents were characterized by three Key Themes which emerged from the interviews: (1) The Parental Bond (protective bonding towards grandchild and adult child); (2) Striving for Answers (searching for meaning); (3) Keeping Intact (holding the family together). CONCLUSION: The study suggests some interesting insights and confirms the need for more attention to this area. A key question raised by the study is how a child-focused multidisciplinary team can embrace its role in delivering a family-centred service. The clinical implications of this project have led to a change of practice in the specialist team. Further research would be appropriate to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and cost effectiveness of involving grandparents as part of the assessment process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Sacred practices in highly religious families: Christian, Jewish, Mormon, and Muslim perspectives.

Quantitative research examining linkages between family relationships and religious experience has increased substantially in recent years. However, related qualitative research, including research that examines the processes and meanings behind recurring religion-family correlations, remains scant. To address this paucity, a racially diverse sample (N = 24) of married, highly religious Christian, Jewish, Mormon, and Muslim parents of school-aged children were interviewed regarding the importance of religious family interactions, rituals, and practices in their families. Mothers and fathers discussed several religious practices that were meaningful to them and explained why these practices were meaningful. Parents also identified costs and challenges associated with these practices. Interview data are presented in connection with three themes: (1) "practicing [and parenting] what you preach," (2) religious practices, family connection, and family communion, and (3) costs of family religious practices. The importance of family clinicians and researchers attending to the influence of religious practice in the lives of highly religious individuals and families is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The evolution of paternal identity in late adulthood.

The experience of fatherhood in late adulthood has received little attention in the psychoanalytic literature. After a presentation of the literature on fatherhood and a consideration of the developmental tasks of late adulthood in which the experience of fatherhood is embedded, the dynamically charged, developmentally conflicted nature of the relationships between late-life fathers and their children is explored. A basic premise is that the changing nature of these relationships inevitably confronts the elderly patriarch with considerable intra-psychic turmoil, reflection, and conflict that must be engaged and mastered if these most significant relationships are to be maintained and sustained for both generations. Clinical examples illustrate the theoretical points presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of welfare reform on children of adolescent mothers: moderation by maternal depression, father involvement, and grandmother involvement.

There are few data available on how effects of welfare reform on children may differ for different kinds of families. This study examined the constructs of maternal depression, father involvement, and grandmother involvement as moderators of the effects of a welfare reform program on children. The sample included 1,602 children between the ages of 3 and 6 1/2 whose mothers had participated in New Chance, a multi-site welfare-to-work program with an emphasis on human capital development (i.e., education, job training). Father and grandmother co-residence were investigated, in addition to perceived support from these family members, in predicting cognitive and behavioral child outcomes. The mediating roles of parenting stress and emotional support in parenting were also explored. Although main effects were found for the intervention and for maternal depression, no main effects were found for the family ecology variables. However, interactions suggested complex relationships among New Chance and the family characteristics for both the full sample and for Latina families. Results are discussed in terms of policy implications and possible future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Hospital portrayal of seniors in newspaper advertisements: a content analysis.

The purpose of this inquiry was to analyze: (a) the extent to which hospitals employed senior citizens as models in their advertisements, (b) the roles of these models and their active-passive status, and (c) the degree to which the advertisements portrayed seniors in a positive or negative status. Content analysis was employed to assess these issues. Hypotheses about the portrayal of senior citizens by hospitals were tested by examining advertisements in newspapers. The analysis provided some findings which should be of value to researchers and practitioners in the health care industry.

Advertising↗
PubMed2002

Grandparents in law: investigating the institutionalization of extended family roles.

Previous research on grandparents has focused on the individual and familial level and has characterized grandparent roles as ambiguous and contingent. Emphasizing instead structural phenomena, this theoretical paper argues that grandmother and grandfather roles are being institutionalized through state and federal legislation. This phenomenon provides an opportunity to investigate the process of institutionalization as it happens. Grandparenthood is evaluated as a potential site for institutionalization and law as a source of institutionalization is discussed. Preliminary evidence of the legal institutionalization of grandparenthood is presented and implications and directions for further research are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Volunteerism by students at risk.

This program has made it possible for students to experience some important firsts: the first report card they are proud to share, the first award they receive at an honors assembly. Students have gained a new awareness of the elderly: "I never used to look up to them," one student said. "Now I really understand that they are history. I will have more respect for the elderly, because I will want respect when I am older."

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Fixing the rift.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Family structure, parental support, and leaving home among young Americans in the twentieth century].

"This paper examines the effects of childhood family structure on patterns of home leaving (route and timing). The analysis uses data from the [U.S.] National Survey of Families and Households.... Family disruption is linked with leaving home via all routes except college attendance.... We interpret the results as indicating the ways the parental home provides the resources needed for a successful launching into adult independence or prompts leaving home either too early, or to new living arrangements likely to make establishing a stable independent adult role set more difficult." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Adult↗