Effect of hypertonic mannitol solution on histomorphology of rat jejunum.
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Animals↗
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Results for “Intestinal histomorphology”
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Differences between biopsy- or specimen-related Laurén and World Health Organization classification in gastric cancer.
The extent of stomach resection in gastric cancer depends on tumor size, tumor location, depth of invasion, and the histological allocation to intestinal or diffuse type according to Laurén. As the latter is based on preoperative findings we performed a retrospective histomorphological study to quantify the differences between biopsy-related and surgical specimen-related Laurén classification. Additionally the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of preoperative endoscopic biopsies and surgical specimens were compared. Preoperative biopsies and resected tumor specimens from 100 patients with primary gastric carcinoma were retrospectively classified according toLaurén and WHO. The reclassification was independently performed by three pathologists who were not aware of the previous diagnoses. In 74% the Laurén classification of pre- and postoperative specimens was identical, whereas 26% of the cases showed a disagreement. Out of 48 tumors with preoperative diagnosis of an intestinal type, 10 tumors (20.8%) exhibited a diffuse growth pattern in the gastrectomy specimens; and 16% of the cases showed a disagreement of the pre- and postoperative histopathological type according to the WHO classification. Preoperative biopsy-related and surgical specimen-related Laurén classification differ in about one-quarter of the cases. Mostly, the preoperative diagnosis of an intestinal tumor type must be corrected into a diffuse or mixed type according to Laurén. Since this may have consequences for the surgical strategy, the extent of surgical resection, rebiopsies, and reconfirmation of an intestinal type should be performed at least in those cases with any doubts of this classification.
Female↗
Disseminated histoplasmosis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Disseminated histoplasmosis has been recognized as a serious opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, cases reported in the literature have been predominantly in adult patients. Here we report an infant with AIDS who presented with fever, cough, rhinorrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and coagulopathy, and died of respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed disseminated histoplasmosis involving multiple organs including lungs, intestines, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, kidneys, and meninges. The diagnosis was established based on histomorphology and confirmed by blood culture.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Correlation of histologic morphology and tumor stage with molecular genetic analysis using microdissection in gastric carcinomas.
Precise correlation of histomorphology with the results of molecular genetic analysis is difficult in gastric cancer tissue composed of intestinal and diffuse types. A novel microdissection procedure was applied to correlate p53 and APC allelic loss with histologic type and tumor stage (mucosal vs. invasive cancer) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of 25 gastric cancers. In addition, mucosal and invasive lesions were dissected from each of 11 invasive gastric cancers to study progression, and allelic loss of the p53 and APC genes was assessed. The p53 gene underwent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 4 of 4 informative cases of intestinal-type gastric cancer with mucosal lesions associated with invasion. By contrast, no p53 LOH was found among 6 informative cases with mucosal cancer. LOH of the APC gene in both intestinal and diffuse types of cancer was detected in 4 of 7 and 5 of 6 informative cases, respectively. These data suggest that allelic deletion of the p53 gene in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma predicts the invasive potential of mucosal cancer, and that inactivation of the APC gene plays a role in the genetic tumorigenesis of both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer. Microdissection can correlate genetic alterations with histologic morphology in gastric cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[The epithelial proliferative activity of the mucosa of the large intestine in dysentery patients at the acute period of the disease depending on the expression of morphological changes].
The dependence of proliferative activity on the degree of histomorphological changes in colonic mucosa of patients with dysentery was studied histoautoradiographically in colonic biopsies. Morphological changes were evaluated according to N. B. Shalygina's schema (catarrhal, exudative, erosive or ulcerous inflammation) A 2.5-3-fold increase of the labelled nuclei index (LNI) and label intensity (LI) was found in the catarrhal inflammation. LNI was increased 1.2-fold and LI 1.5-fold in cases of other types of inflammation; they were lower than in catarrhal inflammation.
Acute Disease↗
Long-term effects of porcine small intestine submucosa on the healing of medial collateral ligament: a functional tissue engineering study.
Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was previously shown to enhance the mechanical properties of healing medial collateral ligaments (MCL), and the histomorphological appearance and collagen type V/I ratio were found to be close to those of normal MCL. We hypothesized that at a longer term, 26 weeks, SIS could guide a better organized neo-ligament formation, increasing mechanical properties and increasing collagen fibril diameters mediated by a reduction in collagen type V. A 6 mm gap injury in the right MCL was surgically created in 38 rabbits, while the contralateral intact MCL served as a sham-operated control. In half the animals, a strip of SIS was sutured onto the severed ends. In the other half, no SIS was applied. The cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined with a laser micrometer system. The femur-MCL-tibia complex was mechanically tested in uniaxial tension. Histomorphology was determined through H&E and immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sodium-dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to determine collagen type V/I ratio. SIS-treated MCLs displayed a 28% reduction in CSA, a 33% increase in tangent modulus, and a 50% increase in tensile strength compared with the nontreated group (p < 0.05). TEM showed groups of collagen fibrils with larger diameters in the SIS-treated ligaments in comparison with uniformly small fibrils for the nontreated group. H&E staining showed more densely stained collagen fibers in the SIS-treated group aligned along the longitudinal axis with more interspersed spindle-shaped cells. Immunofluorescent staining showed less collagen type V signals, confirmed by a 5% lower ratio of collagen type V/I compared with the nontreated controls (p < 0.05). The findings extend the shorter term 12-week results, and support the potential of porcine SIS as a bioscaffold to enhance ligament healing.
Animals↗
[Mesenteric cysts (author's transl)].
Mesenteric cysts belong to the rare abdominal diseases. Histomorphologically, they are classified as cystic lymphangiomas. Even though most frequently localized in the mesentery of the small intestine, they can originate from any part of the abdominal cavity with two peritoneal linings. The content of the cysts is either serous or chylous possessing immunologic active proteins. This is demonstrated by its highly antibacterial activity. Whereas in children the onset of symptoms is acute due to intestinal obstruction, in adults it is mainly chronic abdominal pains without exact localisation and often in combination with a longstanding palpable tumour. In addition to routine procedure the diagnostics includes sonography, cavography and barium meal radiography of the stomach and intestines. In some cases, especially those with solid parts angiography and computer-tomography are of additional value. Surgery is the therapeutic method of choice. Preference is given to enucleation and resection with or without removal of part of the intestine corresponding to the mesentery baring the cyst. Drainage methods are of historical interest only. In our 9 cases (3 children and 6 adults) resection was performed in 7 and enucleation in 2 cases. The postoperative courses were uneventful.
Adolescent↗
[Clinico-endoscopic and morphologic characteristics of patients with Campylobacter infection].
Bacteriological examination of feces of 120 patients with signs of acute gastroenterocolitis revealed C. jejuni infection in 19 (7 per cent) of them. There was a certain difference between the clinical course of C. jejuni infection and acute dysentery. The endoscopic examination of the large intestine in jejuni infection demonstrated acute hemorrhagic or catarrhal colitis and phenomena of acute exudative inflammation were found during histomorphological study. C. jejuni infection can be diagnosed on the basis of the clinico-epidemiological findings and the results of bacteriological examination of the patients' feces.
Adolescent↗
[Histomorphological study of jejunal mucosa in 35 cases].
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Adult↗
[Cavitary and parietal digestion in the action of a toxic agent on the animal organism].
In rats exposed to a long-term effect of carbon disulphide vapours in concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/m3 of air subject to a dynamic study were the activity of the enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase of the small intestine mucosa and feces, the presence of protein of non-alimentary origin and of the mucus in feces, coprocytograms, this being accompanied by a histomorphological verification of the microflora. In rats exposed to the effect of carbon disulphide in concentrations of 50 and 200 mg/m3 the studies covered parietal digestion by using as substrates carbohydrates and dipeptide. The degree of pathology was found to depend on the concentration of the toxic agent and the duration of priming.
Animals↗
Spindle cell carcinoids of the lung with paraganglioid features: a reappraisal of their histogenetic origin from paraganglia using immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic techniques.
Five cases of spindle cell carcinoids of the lung were analyzed by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural technique. They were found to be biphasic tumors composed of the major component of neuroendocrine cells (chief cells) and a minor component of dendritic cells (supporting cells). The chief cells displayed positivity for neuroendocrine phenotypic antigenic markers: neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. They contained varying numbers of dense-core granules by electron microscopy. In addition, the chief cells expressed cytoplasmic positivity for cytokeratins. The supporting cells were dendritic in appearance and displayed strong positivity for S-100 protein in all cases. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was positive in two cases. On electron microscopy, the supporting cells were agranular and found along the external lamina surrounding the nests of tumor cells. In two cases, rare ganglion cell-like cells were present. The histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features were contrastingly different from the classical pulmonary carcinoid and rather resembled gangliocytic paragangliomas arising from small intestine and spine. It is proposed that pulmonary carcinoids with biphasic features are better designated as gangliocytic paragangliomas of the lung rather than paraganglioid carcinoids.
Aged↗
Alterations in colonic mucosal vessels in patients with cirrhosis and noncirrhotic portal hypertension.
Changes in intestinal mucosal microvasculature as a cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension have been well documented clinically, but the analogous histomorphological changes have not been well characterized. The goal of this study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative changes in colonic mucosal vessels in patients with cirrhosis or clinically evident portal hypertension and to correlate these changes with endoscopic and clinical findings. Colon biopsy or resection specimen slides from 46 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis (44 patients) or noncirrhotic portal hypertension (two patients) were reviewed. Immunoperoxidase stain for CD34 antigen was used to facilitate visualization of mucosal vessels, and vessel diameter was measured with a micrometer. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Twenty-four normal colon biopsy specimens served as controls. Mucosal vessels were divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep layers. As a group, the cirrhotic patients had a significantly higher mean diameter of vessels in all three layers. Qualitatively, increased numbers of small vessels and prominent branching were noted, especially in the superficial and intermediate layers. Tortuous, thick-walled vessels, suggesting arterialization of venules, were present in some cases. Eleven patients had endoscopic findings suggestive of vascular abnormalities, including erythematous mucosal patches, red macules, and telangiectasias. Eighteen had esophageal varices, and five had portal gastropathy. Nineteen patients had gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, localized to the lower GI tract in 11. These qualitative and quantitative findings suggest that colonic mucosal vascular lesions are common in portal hypertension and may represent a potential source of clinically significant lower GI hemorrhage in these patients.
Adult↗
Use of an extracorporeal circuit to evaluate effects of intraluminal distention and decompression on the equine jejunum.
OBJECTIVE: To use an extracorporeal circuit to evaluate effects of intraluminal distention on the jejunum of healthy horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: 2 jejunal segments from each of 5 horses. PROCEDURE: Jejunal segments were harvested and maintained in an extracorporeal circuit. One segment was subjected to distention (intraluminal pressure, 25 cm H2O) followed by decompression, and 1 segment was maintained without distention. The influence of distention-decompression on vascular resistance was calculated. Mucosal permeability was evaluated by measuring the clearance of albumin from blood to lumen. After distention and decompression, tissue specimens were collected for histomorphologic evaluation. In addition, the contractile response of the circular smooth muscle layer was determined following incubation with 3 prokinetic agents. RESULTS: Intestinal vascular resistance increased during intraluminal distention and returned to baseline values after decompression. Albumin clearance rate increased after distention, compared with baseline and control values. Histologic examination of the distended segments revealed grade-1 and -2 lesions of the mucosal villus. Edema and hemorrhage were evident in the submucosa and muscular layers. Mesothelial cell loss, edema, and hemorrhage were also evident in the serosa. Mucosal surface area and villus tip height decreased and submucosal volume increased in the distended tissue. Compared with responses in control specimens, distention decreased the contractile response induced by cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intraluminal distention of the jejunum followed by decompression increased mucosal permeability and injury and decreased responses to prokinetic agents. Horses with intraluminal intestinal distention may have a decreased response to prokinetic agents.
Albumins↗
Gastrointestinal complications in bone marrow transplant patients.
Complications of bone marrow transplantation are numerous, multifactorial and may affect any organ in the body. The involvement of the gastrointestinal system represents one of dominant sites of complications. Clinical management of gastrointestinal complications can be challenging in these patients. This overview summarizes common bone marrow transplantation related conditions affecting esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine as well as liver. These are discussed primarily from the clinical point of view with emphasis on the differential diagnosis. The histomorphologic features of these conditions are discussed as well.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
Histomorphological and histochemical researches on the digestive tract of the freshwater grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (cypriniformes).
Ctenopharyngodon idella does not have a stomach, as is shown by the absence of gastric glands. The intestine is a simple coiled tube about twice the length of the body, having no valves and no ceca, and it is joined directly to the esophagus. The mucosa is fairly uniform in appearance, being thrown into folds which give it a mesh-like appearance. No multicellular glands can be detected in any part of the alimentary canal. Goblet cells are present: no differences are found in young specimens. Mucous in the goblet cells from young animals shows no differences in the various parts of the intestine. In the adult animals the mucous is markedly acidic in the first part of the intestine. In the young animals some migrant cells are present in the mucosa and in the connective tissue; these being more numerous in the fingerlings of 6--7 cm in length.
Animals↗
[Intestinal-urinary fistula in children].
The authors report their 15-year experience with diagnosis and treatment of 63 boys at the age of 6 months to 15 years having various intestino-urinary bypasses. Clinical manifestations of the latter are polymorphic. The examination of the patients included ultrasonic, histomorphological, x-ray contrast and other investigations. An original classification of the fistulas are proposed. Congenital, acquired, primary, recurrent fistulas are distinguished. Location, topographoanatomic form and diameter are also considered. Surgical policy is discussed in respect of the above factors.
Adolescent↗
[The Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome. A rare differential diagnosis of generalized gastrointestinal polyposis].
HISTORY AND FINDINGS: A 56-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of chronic diarrhoea. 15 months earlier he had begun to notice changes in taste sensation, then nail discoloration and dystrophy as well as alopecia areata. On examination he was also found to have lower leg oedema and cutaneous hyperpigmentation. INVESTIGATIONS: Biochemical tests showed hypoproteinaemia with reduced serum total protein (4.2 g/dl) and albumin concentrations (2.0 g/dl), hypokalemia and hypocalcaemia, as well as zinc and vitamin B12 deficiency. Stool alpha 1-antitrypsin was raised to 5.9 mg/g. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 17/26 mm and C-reactive protein was raised to 6.9 mg/dl. Gastroscopy, coloscopy and small-intestine double contrast radiology (after Sellink) demonstrated multiple polyps, histologically revealing pseudopolypoid-inflammatory changes with cystic dilatation, consistent with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS), a condition characterised by the described endoscopic, radiological and histomorphological changes together with the characteristic ectodermal abnormalities. TREATMENT AND COURSE: At first only symptomatic measures were taken: fluid, electrolyte and protein infusions and administration of zinc and vitamin B12. Stool frequency was regulated by diet and medication. The patient was discharged in much improved general condition and closely followed clinically and endoscopically because of the relatively poor prognosis and frequent occurrence of adenomatous polyps which are at a high risk of malignant degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: In the differential diagnosis of generalised intestinal polyposis only careful investigation by endoscopy and radiology of the entire gastrointestinal tract with biopsies can identify CCS. While treatment is largely symptomatic, its poor prognosis calls for new therapeutic measures.
Alopecia↗
Effects of oral Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial overgrowth, translocation, and intestinal adaptation after small-bowel resection in rats.
BACKGROUND: Small-bowel resection in animals results in alterations of the morphology and functional adaptation in the remaining intestine. The aim of our study was to study the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii versus placebo in rats after 50% small-bowel resection. METHODS: Sixty-three rats were assigned to one of three groups: small-bowel resection (n = 31), transected surgery controls (n = 16), or non-surgical controls (n = 16). Of the 31 rats with small-bowel resection, 15 were given S. boulardii (140 mg/dl), and 16 were given placebo. Intestinal markers measured included bacterial overgrowth (BO) on days 4 and 8 and translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Markers of small-bowel adaptation included histomorphology of the mucosa, protein content, and various brush-border enzymes (sucrase, glucoamylase, n-aminopeptidase). RESULTS: In the jejunal mucosal samples on day 8, S. boulardii-treated rats showed a significant increase in protein content (58.3 +/- 12 mg/10 cm) compared with placebo-treated rats (29.2 +/- 1.8) or non-surgery controls (18.3 +/- 1.2; P < 0.001). S. boulardii-treated rats also had significantly higher levels of all three brush-border enzymes. A significant increase of enzyme-specific activities was observed in the ileum of S. boulardii resected rats compared with the placebo resected group on day 4, and no significant differences were seen in the remnant ileum except an increase in protein content in S. boulardii-treated rats on day 8. Histomorphometric studies showed no differences in ileal villus height or translocation frequencies by day 8 in S. boulardii or placebo resected rats. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that, after resection, S. boulardii does not modify bacterial overgrowth or translocation frequency but does significantly enhance the functional adaptation of the remaining intestinal segments.
Adaptation, Physiological↗